scholarly journals Vagotomy and Parkinson disease

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (21) ◽  
pp. 1996-2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojing Liu ◽  
Fang Fang ◽  
Nancy L. Pedersen ◽  
Annika Tillander ◽  
Jonas F. Ludvigsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Truncal Vagotomy ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Selective Vagotomy ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Comorbidity Index ◽  
Using Data

Objective:To examine whether vagotomy decreases the risk of Parkinson disease (PD).Methods:Using data from nationwide Swedish registers, we conducted a matched-cohort study of 9,430 vagotomized patients (3,445 truncal and 5,978 selective) identified between 1970 and 2010 and 377,200 reference individuals from the general population individually matched to vagotomized patients by sex and year of birth with a 40:1 ratio. Participants were followed up from the date of vagotomy until PD diagnosis, death, emigration out of Sweden, or December 31, 2010, whichever occurred first. Vagotomy and PD were identified from the Swedish Patient Register. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox models stratified by matching variables, adjusting for country of birth, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, vascular diseases, rheumatologic disease, osteoarthritis, and comorbidity index.Results:A total of 4,930 cases of incident PD were identified during 7.3 million person-years of follow-up. PD incidence (per 100,000 person-years) was 61.8 among vagotomized patients (80.4 for truncal and 55.1 for selective) and 67.5 among reference individuals. Overall, vagotomy was not associated with PD risk (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.78–1.17). However, there was a suggestion of lower risk among patients with truncal vagotomy (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.55–1.09), which may be driven by truncal vagotomy at least 5 years before PD diagnosis (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37–0.93). Selective vagotomy was not related to PD risk in any analyses.Conclusions:Although overall vagotomy was not associated the risk of PD, we found suggestive evidence for a potential protective effect of truncal, but not selective, vagotomy against PD development.

scholarly journals Clinical Determinants of Disease Progression in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis—A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1623
Author(s):  
Maria Viktoria Requardt ◽  
Dennis Görlich ◽  
Torsten Grehl ◽  
Matthias Boentert
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Sum Score ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that is ultimately fatal but characterized by substantial phenotypic heterogeneity, which is known to impact long-term course and survival. This study investigated clinical determinants of disease progression and outcome in a large cohort of patients with ALS. Methods: Retrospective analysis included comprehensive data from 625 patients who attended a tertiary ALS centre at least twice. Patients were stratified according to five distinct clinical phenotypes: classical ALS; bulbar ALS; ALS with frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD); upper motor neuron predominant (UMNP); and lower motor neuron predominant (LMNP). Results: This study confirmed higher age at symptom onset, shorter latency to diagnosis and more rapid decline in the revised ALS Functional Rating Scale sum score as predictors of poor prognosis. Hazard ratios for shorter survival were higher in patients with ALS-FTD versus classical ALS, and in patients with versus without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mean survival was longest in the UMNP phenotype group. Conclusions: This study confirmed established predictors of shorter survival in ALS and showed that concomitant COPD in particular relates to poor outcome.

scholarly journals A Midwest COVID-19 Cohort for the Evaluation of Multimorbidity and Adverse Outcomes from COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110109
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Nanda ◽  
Loren Toussaint ◽  
Ann Vincent ◽  
Karen M. Fischer ◽  
Ryan Hurt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mayo Clinic ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Morbidity Score ◽  
Process And Outcome ◽  
Comorbidity Index ◽  
Risk Factor Score

Objective To describe the process and outcome of creating a patient cohort in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to better understand the process of and predict the outcomes of COVID-19. Patients and Methods A total of 1169 adults aged 18 years of age or older who tested positive in Mayo Clinic Rochester or the Mayo Clinic Midwest Health System between January 1 and May 23 of 2020. Results Patients were on average 43.9 years of age and 50.7% were female. Most patients were white (69.0%), and Blacks (23.4%) and Asians (5.8%) were also represented in larger numbers. Hispanics represented 16.3% of the sample. Just under half of patients were married (48.4%). Common comorbid conditions included: cardiovascular diseases (25.1%), dyslipidemia (16.0%), diabetes mellitus (11.2%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (6.6%), asthma (7.5%), and cancer (5.1%). All other comorbid conditions were less the 5% in prevalence. Data on 3 comorbidity indices are also available including the: DHHS multi-morbidity score, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and Mayo Clinic COVID-19 Risk Factor Score. Conclusion In addition to managing the ever raging pandemic and growing death rates, it is equally important that we develop adequate resources for the investigation and understanding of COVID-19-related predictors and outcomes.

Association between E-cigarette use and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in non-asthmatic adults in the USA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfred O Antwi ◽  
Darson L Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background Concern about the health impacts of e-cigarette use is growing; however, limited research exists regarding potential long-term health effects of this behavior. This study explored the relationship between e-cigarette use and COPD in a sample of US adults. Methods A secondary data analysis using data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey in the USA was computed to examine associations between e-cigarette use and COPD controlling for conventional cigarette smoking status, past month leisure physical activity and demographic characteristics including age, sex, education, race, marital status and body mass index. Results Significant associations between e-cigarette use and COPD among former combustible cigarette smokers and those who reported never using combustible cigarettes were found. Compared with never e-cigarette users, the odds of having COPD were significantly greater for daily e-cigarette users (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.11–2.03), occasional users (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.13–1.80) and former users (OR = 1.46 95% CI: 1.28–1.67). Conclusions Findings from this study indicate a potential link between e-cigarette use and COPD. Further research to explore the potential effects of e-cigarette on COPD is recommended.

scholarly journals Using Mobiles to Monitor Respiratory Diseases

Informatics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Fatma Zubaydi ◽  
Assim Sagahyroon ◽  
Fadi Aloul ◽  
Hasan Mir ◽  
Bassam Mahboub
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Using Data

In this work, a mobile application is developed to assist patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or Asthma that will reduce the dependency on hospital and clinic based tests and enable users to better manage their disease through increased self-involvement. Due to the pervasiveness of smartphones, it is proposed to make use of their built-in sensors and ever increasing computational capabilities to provide patients with a mobile-based spirometer capable of diagnosing COPD or asthma in a reliable and cost effective manner. Data collected using an experimental setup consisting of an airflow source, an anemometer, and a smartphone is used to develop a mathematical model that relates exhalation frequency to air flow rate. This model allows for the computation of two key parameters known as forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) that are used in the diagnosis of respiratory diseases. The developed platform has been validated using data collected from 25 subjects with various conditions. Results show that an excellent match is achieved between the FVC and FEV1 values computed using a clinical spirometer and those returned by the model embedded in the mobile application.

scholarly journals Lung function, forced expiratory volume in 1 s decline and COPD hospitalisations over 44 years of follow-up

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 742-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suneela Zaigham ◽  
Per Wollmer ◽  
Gunnar Engström
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Lung Function Decline ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Hazard Ratios

The use of baseline lung function in the prediction of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) hospitalisations, all-cause mortality and lung function decline was assessed in the population-based “Men Born in 1914” cohort.Spirometry was assessed at age 55 years in 689 subjects, of whom 392 had spirometry reassessed at age 68  years. The cohort was divided into three groups using fixed ratio (FR) and lower limit of normal (LLN) criterion: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/vital capacity (VC) ≥70%, FEV1/VC <70% but ≥LLN (FR+LLN−), and FEV1/VC <70% and <LLN (FR+LLN+).Over 44 years of follow-up, 88 men were hospitalised due to COPD and 686 died. Hazard ratios (95% CI) for incident COPD hospitalisation were 4.15 (2.24–7.69) for FR+LLN− and 7.88 (4.82–12.87) for FR+LLN+ (reference FEV1/VC ≥70%). Hazard ratios for death were 1.30 (0.98–1.72) for FR+LLN− and 1.58 (1.25–2.00) for FR+LLN+. The adjusted FEV1 decline between 55 and 68 years of age was higher for FR+LLN− and FR+LLN+ relative to the reference. Of those with FR+LLN− at 55 years, 53% had progressed to the FR+LLN+ group at 68 years.Airflow obstruction at age 55 years is a powerful risk factor for future COPD hospitalisations. The FR+LLN− group should be carefully evaluated in clinical practice in relation to future risks and potential benefit from early intervention. This is reinforced by the increased FEV1 decline in this group.

scholarly journals Olfaction and incident Parkinson disease in US white and black older adults

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (14) ◽  
pp. 1441-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honglei Chen ◽  
Srishti Shrestha ◽  
Xuemei Huang ◽  
Samay Jain ◽  
Xuguang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Body Composition Study ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Smell Identification

Objective:To investigate olfaction in relation to incident Parkinson disease (PD) in US white and black older adults.Methods:The study included 1,510 white (mean age 75.6 years) and 952 black (75.4 years) participants of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. We evaluated the olfaction of study participants with the Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT) in 1999–2000. We retrospectively adjudicated PD cases identified through August 31, 2012, using multiple data sources. We used multivariable Cox models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results:During an average of 9.8 years of follow-up, we identified a total of 42 incident PD cases, including 30 white and 12 black participants. Overall, poor sense of smell, as indicated by a lower BSIT score, was associated with higher risk of PD. Compared with the highest tertile of BSIT (t3), the HR was 1.3 (95% CI 0.5–3.6) for the second tertile (t2) and 4.8 (95% CI 2.0–11.2) for the lowest tertile (t1) (ptrend < 0.00001). Further analyses revealed significant associations for incident PD in both the first 5 years of follow-up (HRt1/[t2+t3] 4.2, 95% CI 1.7–10.8) and thereafter (HRt1/[t2+t3] 4.1, 95% CI 1.7–9.8). This association appeared to be stronger in white (HRt1/[t2+t3] 4.9, 95% CI 2.3–10.5) than in black participants (HRt1/[t2+t3] 2.5, 95% CI 0.8–8.1), and in men (HRt1/[t2+t3] 5.4, 95% CI 2.3–12.9) than in women (HRt1/[t2+t3] 2.9, 95% CI 1.1–7.8).Conclusions:Poor olfaction predicts PD in short and intermediate terms; the possibility of stronger associations among men and white participants warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Factors associated with admission to the intensive care unit and mortality in patients with COVID-19, Colombia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260169
Author(s):  
Jorge Enrique Machado-Alba ◽  
Luis Fernando Valladales-Restrepo ◽  
Manuel Enrique Machado-Duque ◽  
Andrés Gaviria-Mendoza ◽  
Nicolás Sánchez-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Charlson Comorbidity Index ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Comorbidity Index ◽  
Patient Prognosis

Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people worldwide, and several sociodemographic variables, comorbidities and care variables have been associated with complications and mortality. Objective To identify the factors associated with admission to intensive care units (ICUs) and mortality in patients with COVID-19 from 4 clinics in Colombia. Methods This was a follow-up study of a cohort of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between March and August 2020. Sociodemographic, clinical (Charlson comorbidity index and NEWS 2 score) and pharmacological variables were identified. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify variables associated with the risk of admission to the ICU and death (p<0.05). Results A total of 780 patients were analyzed, with a median age of 57.0 years; 61.2% were male. On admission, 54.9% were classified as severely ill, 65.3% were diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome, 32.4% were admitted to the ICU, and 26.0% died. The factors associated with a greater likelihood of ICU admission were severe pneumonia (OR: 9.86; 95%CI:5.99–16.23), each 1-point increase in the NEWS 2 score (OR:1.09; 95%CI:1.002–1.19), history of ischemic heart disease (OR:3.24; 95%CI:1.16–9.00), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR:2.07; 95%CI:1.09–3.90). The risk of dying increased in those older than 65 years (OR:3.08; 95%CI:1.66–5.71), in patients with acute renal failure (OR:6.96; 95%CI:4.41–11.78), admitted to the ICU (OR:6.31; 95%CI:3.63–10.95), and for each 1-point increase in the Charlson comorbidity index (OR:1.16; 95%CI:1.002–1.35). Conclusions Factors related to increasing the probability of requiring ICU care or dying in patients with COVID-19 were identified, facilitating the development of anticipatory intervention measures that favor comprehensive care and improve patient prognosis.

scholarly journals Initiation of domiciliary care and nursing home admission following first hospitalization for heart failure, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cancer

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255364
Author(s):  
Rasmus Rørth ◽  
Marianne F. Clausen ◽  
Emil L. Fosbøl ◽  
Ulrik M. Mogensen ◽  
Kristian Kragholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Nursing Home Care ◽  
Nursing Home Admission ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Domiciliary Care ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
First Time

Background Patients with chronic diseases are at higher risk of requiring domiciliary and nursing home care, but how different chronic diseases compare in terms of risk is not known. We examined initiation of domiciliary care and nursing home admission among patients with heart failure (HF), stroke, COPD and cancer. Methods Patients with a first-time hospitalization for HF, stroke, COPD or cancer from 2008–2016 were identified. Patients were matched on age and sex and followed for five years. Results 111,144 patients, 27,786 with each disease, were identified. The median age was 69 years and two thirds of the patients were men. The 5-year risk of receiving domiciliary care was; HF 20.9%, stroke 25.2%, COPD 24.6% and cancer 19.3%. The corresponding adjusted hazard ratios (HRs), with HF patients used as reference, were: stroke 1.35[1.30–1.40]; COPD 1.29[1.25–1.34]; and cancer 1.19[1.14–1.23]. The five-year incidence of nursing home admission was 6.6% for stroke, and substantially lower in patients with HF(2.6%), COPD(2.6%) and cancer (1.5%). The adjusted HRs were (HF reference): stroke, 2.44 [2.23–2.68]; COPD 1.01 [0.91–1.13] and cancer 0.76 [0.67–0.86]. Living alone, older age, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, depression and dementia predicted a higher likelihood of both types of care. Conclusions In patients with HF, stroke, COPD or cancer 5-year risk of domiciliary care and nursing home admission, ranged from 19–25% and 1–7%, respectively. Patients with stroke had the highest rate of domiciliary care and were more than twice as likely to be admitted to a nursing home, compared to patients with the other conditions.

scholarly journals Significance of platelet counts in health and disease: Insights from a population study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (30) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Sariya Wongsaengsak ◽  
Jeff Dennis ◽  
Meily Arevalo ◽  
Somedeb Ball ◽  
Kenneth Nugent
Keyword(s):  
Population Study ◽  
National Health ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Using Data

Background: Platelets are important mediators of coagulation, inflammation, andatherosclerosis. We conducted a large population study with National Health and NutritionExamination Survey (NHANES) data to understand the relationship of total platelet count(TPC) with health and disease in humans.Methods: NHANES is a cross-sectional survey of non-institutionalized United States adults,administered every 2 years by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Participantsanswer a questionnaire, receive a physical examination, and undergo laboratory tests. TPCvalues were analyzed for a six-year period of NHANES (2011–2016). Weighted 10th and 90thpercentiles were calculated, and logistic regression was used to predict likelihood (Odds ratio[OR]) of being in categories with TPC < 10th percentile or > 90th percentile. Statistical analysiswas performed using Stata/SE 15.1, using population weights for complex survey design.Results: The mean TPC for our sample (N = 17,969) was 236 × 103/μL (SD = 59 × 103)with the 10th percentile 170 × 103/μL and the 90th percentile 311 × 103/μL. Hispanics (otherthan Mexican Americans) and obese individuals had lower odds of a TPC < 10th percentile.Males, Blacks, adults aged ≥ 45 years, and those with a recent (last 12 months) hospital staywere more likely to have a TPC < 10th percentile. Obese individuals and Mexican Americanshad higher odds of having TPC > 90th percentile. Individuals with a congestive heart failure(CHF) or coronary heart disease (CHD) diagnosis had over twice the odds (OR 2.06, 95% CI:1.50-2.82, p =< 0.001, and 2.11, 95% CI: 1.48-3.01, p =< 0.001, respectively) of having TPC<10th percentile. Individuals with an emphysema or asthma diagnosis were more likely to haveTPC > 90th percentile (OR 1.84, 95% CI: 1.08-3.13, p = 0.026, and 1.25, 95% CI: 1.00-1.56,p = 0.046, respectively). A diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer didnot have significant associations with TPC.Conclusions: Our study showed that obese individuals are more likely to havehigher TPC. Individuals with CHF and CHD had higher odds of having TPC < 10thpercentile, and those with emphysema and asthma were more likely to have TPC > 90thpercentile.

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