scholarly journals The total mRNA concentration buffering system in yeast is global rather than gene-specific

RNA ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. rna.078774.121
Author(s):  
Jose Garcia-Martinez ◽  
Daniel A Medina ◽  
Pablo Bellvis ◽  
Mai Sun ◽  
Patrick Cramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Concentration

GnRH-1, GnIH mRNA and Luteinizing Hormone in Domestic hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) Exposed to Different Wavelengths of light

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 5446
Author(s):  
Reddy I.J. ◽  
Ashish Mishra ◽  
Mondal S.
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mrna Concentration ◽  
Normal Spectrum

The objective of this study was to establish the effects of red spectrum of light (650nm, treated n=12) and normal spectrum of light (450nm control=12) on GnRH-I and GnIH mRNA expression, amplitude and frequency of luteinizing hormone (LH) and egg production from 42 to 52 weeks of age in white leghorn hens. Blood samples were collected at weekly interval from both the groups. At the 47th week of age blood samples from both the groups were collected at every 3 h for 36h to study the pulsatile secretion of LH surges. GnRH and GnIH mRNA expression pattern was studied between control and treated birds. Egg production and pause days were calculated between the two groups. LH concentration in the plasma was increased significantly (P<0.01) in hens exposed to red spectrum of light. Plasma LH concentration was higher (P<0.01) in treated birds with more number of LH surges. The amplitude and frequencies of LH were advanced in birds exposed to red spectrum of light during 36 h of sampling at 3h intervals. GnRH-I mRNA concentration was significantly (P<0.01) higher, whereas GnIH mRNA was significantly (P<0.01) lower in birds exposed to red spectrum of light compared to controls. It is hypothesized that exposure of birds to red spectrum of light enhanced (P<0.01) GnRH-I mRNA, along with LH required for ovulation and egg lay. During 77 days (42-52 weeks of age) of the experimental period, egg production was increased (p<0.01) with lower incidence of pause days in the treated group. It is concluded that low GnIH mRNA and higher levels of GnRH-I mRNA, LH, lower number of pause days enabled the birds to lay more eggs by stimulating GnRH through red spectrum of light.

scholarly journals Glucose transporter expression and glucose utilization in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue during starvation and re-feeding

1992 ◽  
Vol 282 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Smith ◽  
S R Bloom ◽  
M C Sugden ◽  
M J Holness
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Mrna Concentration ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Transporter Expression

Starvation (48 h) decreased the concentration of mRNA of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter isoform (GLUT 4) in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) (56%) and tibialis anterior (10%). Despite dramatic [7-fold (tibialis anterior) and 40-fold (IBAT)] increases in glucose utilization after 2 and 4 h of chow re-feeding, no significant changes in GLUT 4 mRNA concentration were observed in these tissues over this re-feeding period. The results exclude changes in GLUT 4 mRNA concentration in mediating the responses of glucose transport in these tissues to acute re-feeding after prolonged starvation.

scholarly journals Growth-hormone-prolactin interactions in the regulation of mammary and adipose-tissue acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity and gene expression in lactating rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Barber ◽  
M T Travers ◽  
E Finley ◽  
D J Flint ◽  
R G Vernon
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Carboxylase Activity ◽  
Total Enzyme Activity ◽  
Mrna Concentration ◽  
Total Enzyme ◽  
Activation Status

The factors and mechanisms responsible for the reciprocal changes in lipogenesis in rat mammary gland and adipose tissue during the lactation cycle have been investigated. Lactation decreased the activation status and mRNA concentration of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in adipose tissue. Litter removal decreased the mRNA concentration of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in the mammary gland and increased the enzyme's mRNA concentration and activation status in adipose tissue. Lowering serum prolactin concentration in lactating rats decreased the amount of mammary acetyl-CoA carboxylase mRNA and increased that of adipose tissue, and increased the activation status of the enzyme in adipose tissue. Decreasing serum growth hormone (GH) alone had little effect on acetyl-CoA carboxylase in lactating rats, although it did lower pup growth rate and serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I. Lowering serum GH concentration exacerbated the effects of decreasing serum prolactin on mammary-gland (but not adipose-tissue) acetyl-CoA carboxylase mRNA and further increased the rise in activation status of the adipose-tissue enzyme induced by decreasing serum prolactin. Changes in acetyl-CoA carboxylase mRNA in both mammary and adipose tissue were paralleled by changes in total enzyme activity except after litter removal, when there was a disproportionately large decrease in total enzyme activity of the mammary gland. Thus prolactin has a major and GH a minor role in the regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity during lactation. Changes in mammary activity in response to prolactin and GH are primarily due to alterations in gene transcription, whereas adaptation in adipose tissue involves both changes in gene transcription and activation status.

scholarly journals Tissue factor and factor VII messenger RNAs in human alveolar macrophages: effects of breathing ozone

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
MP McGee ◽  
R Devlin ◽  
G Saluta ◽  
H Koren
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Macrophage ◽  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Fibrinopeptide A ◽  
Factor Activity ◽  
Tissue Factor Activity ◽  
Mrna Concentration ◽  
Human Alveolar Macrophages

Abstract This study was performed to determine if genes for tissue factor and factor VII proteins are expressed and regulated in vivo in lung macrophages during inflammation. Human alveolar macrophages and alveolar fluids were obtained 18 hours after healthy male adults were exposed, for 2 hours during intermittent exercise, to either air or air with 0.4 ppm ozone, added as a model toxic respiratory agent. Messenger RNA (mRNA) for both tissue factor and factor VII were demonstrated in macrophages isolated after subjects were exposed to unpolluted control air. With the same subjects examined after breathing ozone, the following changes were observed: tissue factor mRNA concentration in macrophages increased 2.6 +/- 0.47-fold. Factor VII mRNA concentration was reduced 0.64 +/- 0.24-fold. Total numbers of macrophages recovered did not change significantly. Ratios of nuclear:cytoplasmic areas of cytocentrifuged macrophages were augmented by 24.8% +/- 3%, giving morphometric evidence that immature cell forms increased in the population. In the lavage, tissue factor activity was increased 2.1 +/- 0.3-fold, while amounts of lipid phosphorous, which estimate total membrane lipids, and estimated volumes of alveolar fluid were not significantly changed. Factor VII activity and fibrinopeptide A levels in lavage were increased approximately twofold. These results using rapidly isolated, noncultured cells indicate that tissue factor and factor VII mRNA are synthesized in the alveolar macrophage population in vivo. In addition, evidence was found that as a result of breathing ozone, a shift in alveolar macrophage maturity occurred in association with tissue factor mRNA, tissue factor activity, and factor VII activity increases, and with formation of fibrinopeptide A in alveolar fluids.

scholarly journals 338 Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on placenta and fetal liver mRNA, and fetal liver and brain fatty acids profile on early gestation in sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 139-139
Author(s):  
Jose Alejandro Roque ◽  
Mario Francisco Oviedo ◽  
Hector Aaron Lee ◽  
Alejandro E Relling
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Mrna Concentration

Abstract Polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation in late gestation change offspring metabolism; however, their effect is not well known on early gestation in ewes. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in pregnant ewes on the concentration of EPA and DHA on fetal liver (FL) and fetal central nervous system (FCNS), and to evaluate the effect of the supplementation with EPA+ DHA on mRNA expression of genes associated with transport and metabolism of fatty acids (FA) in FL and placenta (caruncles and cotyledons). Twelve ewes (4 pens, three per pen) were blocked by pregnancy day. The ewes were assigned during the first 45 d of gestation to diet with an addition of 1.5% (dry matter bases) monounsaturated FA (MUFA) or EPA+DHA. A C-section was conducted at d 45 of gestation to collect FL, FCNS, caruncle and cotyledon. Data were analyzed using a mixed procedure (SAS). For the placenta mRNA concentration, a 2x2 factorial was used considering caruncle and cotyledon as the second main factor. Isomers of C18:1 (t6,8 and t12) increase (P < 0.05) in FL and FCNS with MUFA supplementation, fatty acids C20:3 (n-6), C20:3 (n-3), C22:1, C22:5 and C22:6 increase (P < 0.05) in FL and FCNS with EPA+DHA supplementation. In FL there was a tendency to increase for mRNA expression of FATP-1 (P = 0.10) with EPA+DHA supplementation, while mRNA concentration for LPL was greater (P = 0.02) for MUFA supplementation. In placenta DNMT3b and FFAR-4 showed a significant FA x tissue interaction (P < 0.05). These results suggest that FA supplementation during early gestation alters the FA profile in FL and FCNS and changed mRNA concentration of genes involved in the transport of FA and cell metabolism.

149 EXPRESSION OF ANGIOGENIC FACTORS AND THEIR MAJOR RECEPTORS IN THE SHEEP PLACENTA THROUGHOUT THE EARLY PREGNANCY

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
P. P. Borowicz ◽  
D. A. Redmer ◽  
A. T. Grazul-Bilska ◽  
G. Ptak ◽  
P. Loi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Angiogenic Factors ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Mrna Concentration ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Embryonic losses are high in mammals, with more than 30% of fertilized eggs not resulting in an offspring. The development of the placenta is critical for normal fetal growth and development as it provides for exchange of respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes between the fetal and maternal systems. Placental vascular development determines the rate of placental blood flow, which is a primary determinant of placental function. Recent studies suggest that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its receptors (VEGFR), along with angiopoietins (Ang-1 and Ang-2) and their common receptor Tie-2, are major placental angiogenic factors, along with fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and its receptor (FGFR). To evaluate the patterns of placental expression of these factors during early placental development, gravid uteri were obtained from ewes (n = 6 per day) on Days 12, 18, 24, 30, and 40 of gestation (day of mating = Day 0). At slaughter the uterine and embryonic tissues were weighed and representative samples of utero-placenta (CAR - caruncle, maternal placenta; ICAR - intracarunclar, endometrium; FM, fetal membranes) were snap frozen on dry ice and analyzed for relative mRNA levels by real-time RT-PCR (ABI Prism 7000, Sequence Detection System, Applied Biosystems, Monza, Italy) of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), receptor for both angiopoietins (Tie-2), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR). The data were analyzed by nonlinear procedures using proc reg of SAS (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA). In CAR, the data showed the exponential increase from Days 12 to 40 in mRNA expression for VEGFR-1 (P < 0.0004; 0.04398e0.08794�day), VEGFR-2 (P < 0.01; 0.119208e0.06537�day), Ang-1 (P < 0.005; 0.00488e0.10881�day), Ang-2 (P < 0.0001; 0.01591e0.07864�day), Tie-2 (P < 0.03; 0.00488e0.06852�day), and FGFR (P < 0.08; 0.24577e0.04721�day). In the CAR, we also observed an exponential decrease in mRNA concentration for VEGF (P < 0.05; 28.193e-1.0719�day). In ICAR, we observed an exponential increase in mRNA concentration for VEGF (P < 0.05; 1.11685e0.06865�day), VEGFR-1 (P < 0.07; 0.09853e0.0383�day), Ang-1 (P < 0.09; 0.009318e0.05711�day), and Ang-2 (P < 0.004; 0.012647e0.09973�day). For FM, no changes in mRNA levels were observed from Days 12 to 40, but levels of all mRNAs were similar to those in CAR and ICAR. Based on the patterns of mRNA expression, these data indicate that these angiogenic factors may play an important role in early placental angiogenesis in sheep. This work was supported by NIH grant HL64141 to LPR and DAR.

170 EXPRESSION PROFILE AND PROTEIN SECRETION OF BOVINE INTERFERON τ ON DAYS 12 TO 28 IN EARLY PREGNANCY

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Takahashi ◽  
K. Sawai ◽  
A. Minamihashi ◽  
S. Kageyama ◽  
S. Moriyasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Secretion ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Concentration ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
Subsequent Measurement ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Maternal Recognition Of Pregnancy

Bovine interferon (bIFN) τ has been implicated as a mediator of maternal recognition of pregnancy in cattle. Ovine (o) and bIFNτ expression show temporal patterns until implantation begins (Farin et al. 1990 Biol. Reprod. 43, 210–218); therefore, the expression peaks of bIFNτ are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the expression profile of mRNA and protein secretion of bIFNτ in conceptuses obtained from cows on Days 12 to 28 in early pregnancy. Induction of superovulation and recipient synchronization were achieved by previously reported methods (Hirayama et al. 2004 Theriogenology 62, 887–896). Embryos were recovered non-surgically on Day 8 (Day 0 = estrus). Subsequently, recovered embryos were singly transferred to recipients immediately upon evaluation. Bovine conceptuses and uterine flushings were collected non-surgically from embryo-transferred cows on Days 12 (n = 2), 14 (n = 6), 16 (n = 5), 18 (n = 4), and 20 (n = 5) with MEM. On Days 22 (n = 3), 24 (n = 5), and 28 (n = 2), bovine conceptuses were recovered within 30 min after slaughter by flushing the uterus with PBS supplemented with 0.1% BSA. Uterine flushings were also collected from 6 cows in the control group on Day 16 of the estrous cycle. Conceptuses for collection of RNA were processed individually and stored at -80�C until analysis. The flushing was centrifuged at 1800g and 4�C for 30 min to remove cellular debris, and stored at -30�C for subsequent measurement of bIFNτ. Total RNA in conceptuses were reverse transcribed for PCR. Quantification of mRNA abundance was performed by real-time PCR. The expression of each mRNA concentration was normalized to the abundance of GAPDH. BIFNτ contents of the uterine flushings were measured by RIA (Takahashi et al. 2005 Theriogenology 63, 1050–1060). Intra-assay and inter-assay CVs were 11.0 and 8.5%, respectively. Transcripts of bIFNτ were detected in all samples from Days 12 to 28; the expression of mRNA increased remarkably from Day 16 (mean � SEM, 2.15 � 0.66) to Day 18 (9.62 � 4.09), and then declined on Day 20 (3.42 � 0.86). Protein detected on Day 16 was 13.3 � 3.02 �g. An increase of bIFNτ secretion was observed between Day 18 (39.8 � 20.62 �g) and Day 20 (71.9 � 17.36 �g); thereafter it decreased on Day 22 (27.2 � 2.83 �g). BIFNτ displayed a pattern of expression similar to that of oIFNτ, with mRNA expression peaking around Day 18 (ovine, Days 12/13) and protein secretion on Day 20 (ovine, Days 15/16), thereby reflecting the comparatively later time frame of maternal recognition of pregnancy in cattle. These results indicate that the expression and secretion profiles of bIFNτ show temporal and spatial patterns in early pregnancy.

Reduced lipoprotein lipase activity in postural skeletal muscle during aging

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 687-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Bey ◽  
Enas Areiqat ◽  
Andrea Sano ◽  
Marc T. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Fischer 344 Rats ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Mrna Concentration ◽  
Postural Muscle

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme for fatty acid and lipoprotein metabolism in muscle. However, the effect of aging on LPL regulation in skeletal muscle is unknown. We report the effect of aging on LPL regulation in the soleus (red oxidative postural) muscle and the tibialis anterior (white glycolytic non-weight-bearing) muscle in 4- and 24-mo-old Fischer 344 rats and 18- and 31-mo-old Fischer 344 × Brown-Norway F1 (F-344 × BN F1) rats. Total and heparin-releasable LPL (HR-LPL) activities were decreased 38% ( P< 0.01) and 52% ( P < 0.05), respectively, in the soleus muscle of the older Fischer 344 rats. There was a 32% reduction ( P < 0.05) of total LPL protein mass in the soleus muscle with aging. The results were confirmed in another strain. A decrease of total LPL activity (−50%, P < 0.05) was also found in the soleus muscle between 18- and 31-mo-old F-344 × BN F1 rats. LPL mRNA concentration in the soleus muscle was not different between ages. Total LPL protein mass was reduced by 46% ( P < 0.05) in the soleus muscle of the 31-mo-old F-344 × BN F1 rats. In the tibialis anterior muscle, neither LPL activity nor mRNA concentration was affected by age in either strain. In conclusion, LPL regulation in a non-weight-bearing muscle was not affected by aging. However, there was a pronounced reduction in LPL activity and LPL protein mass in postural muscle with aging.

scholarly journals Serum response factor mRNA induction in the hypertrophying chicken patagialis muscle

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Carson ◽  
Frank W. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Serum Response Factor ◽  
Response Factor ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Mrna Induction ◽  
Mrna Concentration ◽  
Nuclear Extracts ◽  
Actin Promoter ◽  
Gel Mobility Shift ◽  
Fast Twitch ◽  
Serum Response

Gene expression in the stretched chicken patagialis (Pat) muscle has not been extensively examined. This study’s purpose was to determine the Pat muscle’s expression pattern of serum response factor (SRF), skeletal α-actin, and MyoD mRNAs after 3 days (onset of stretch), 6 days (end of first week of rapid growth), and 14 days (slowed rate of stretch-induced growth) of stretch. SRF mRNA demonstrated two species (B1 and B2), with B2 being more prevalent in the predominantly fast-twitch Pat muscle, compared with the slow-tonic muscle. Stretch overload increased B1 and B2 SRF mRNA concentrations, and the increase in B1 SRF mRNA concentration was greater at day 6compared with days 3 or 14. MyoD mRNA concentration was greater in 3-day-stretched Pat muscles, compared with days 6 or 14 . Skeletal α-actin mRNA concentration was not changed during the study. Gel mobility shift assays demonstrated that SRF binding with serum response element 1 of the skeletal α-actin promoter had no altered binding patterns from 6-day-stretched Pat nuclear extracts. It appears that SRF and MyoD mRNAs are induced in the stretch-overloaded Pat muscle but at different time points.

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