General-Purpose Forest Plough

The basic soil preparation is an important factor in ensuring high survival rate and preservation of cultural plants. Its objective is to loosen the soil to a predetermined depth, it is also important to ensure the containment of weeds growth in areas, adjacent to the row of crop strips. Depending on soil conditions it may be cutting of one or double earthboard furrows (drained soil) and in the formation of microhill (temporarily waterlogged soils). For these purposes, currently, ploughs PKL-70, PRL-70, PL-1, PLM-1.5A, PDV-1.5, PL-2-50, PLD-1.2, etc. are used. Their common drawback is the ability to perform only one operation. A large variety of used tillage equipment and its low efficiency confirms the urgency of developing multi-tools modular construction. This will effectively produce basic preparation of the soil in a variety of conditions with a single instrument. The article provides a description of design and basic layout options of multifunctional plough. By simple changeovers, carried out on site, the plough can be adapted for the main preparation of soil on clearings with drained and temporarily waterlogged soils. It is also possible to change the distance between the bodies of the plow in accordance with the specified rows and rearrange them to work "in" or "out". Process works is modeled in conditions of non-uprooted cutting. The simulation experiment showed high efficiency of the plough, which is ensured by the presence of safety recoverable devices. Replacement in the forestry enterprise of a set of ploughs with one multipurpose plough will reduce total specific amount of metal almost in 4 times.

Download Full-text

CHROMOSOMAL BASIS OF THE MEROZYGOSITY IN A PARTIALLY DIPLOID MUTANT OF PNEUMOCOCCUS

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/80.4.667 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 80 (4) ◽

pp. 667-678

Author(s):

Mary Lee S Ledbetter ◽

Rollin D Hotchkiss

Keyword(s):

High Efficiency ◽

Point Mutations ◽

Resistant Mutant ◽

Chromosomal Marker ◽

Structural Abnormality ◽

C Cells ◽

Wild Type ◽

Chromosomal Locus ◽

Low Efficiency ◽

Derivatives Of

ABSTRACT A sulfonamide-resistant mutant of pneumococcus, sulr-c, displays a genetic instability, regularly segregating to wild type. DNA extracts of derivatives of the strain possess transforming activities for both the mutant and wild-type alleles, establishing that the strain is a partial diploid. The linkage of sulr-c to strr-61, a stable chromosomal marker, was established, thus defining a chromosomal locus for sulr-c. DNA isolated from sulr-c cells transforms two mutant recipient strains at the same low efficiency as it does a wild-type recipient, although the mutant property of these strains makes them capable of integrating classical "low-efficiency" donor markers equally as efficiently as "high efficiency" markers. Hence sulr-c must have a different basis for its low efficiency than do classical low efficiency point mutations. We suggest that the DNA in the region of the sulr-c mutation has a structural abnormality which leads both to its frequent segregation during growth and its difficulty in efficiently mediating genetic transformation.

Download Full-text

A Brief Review on Solvent-Free Synthesis of Zeolites

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14040788 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 788

Author(s):

Jinlin Mei ◽

Aijun Duan ◽

Xilong Wang

Keyword(s):

High Efficiency ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Solvent Free ◽

High Yield ◽

Control Synthesis ◽

Mechanical Mixing ◽

Synthesis Mechanism ◽

Wastewater Pollution ◽

Low Efficiency ◽

Solvent Free Synthesis

The traditional hydrothermal method to prepare zeolite will inevitably use a large amount of water as a solvent, which will lead to higher autogenous pressure, low efficiency, and wastewater pollution. The solvent-free method can be used to synthesize various types of zeolites by mechanical mixing, grinding, and heating of solid raw materials, which exhibits the apparent advantages of high yield, low pollution, and high efficiency. This review mainly introduces the development process of solvent-free synthesis, preparation of hierarchical zeolite, morphology control, synthesis mechanism and applications of solvent-free methods. It can be believed that solvent-free methods will become a research focus and have enormous industrial application potential.

Download Full-text

Design and Experimental Study of the General Mechanical Pneumatic Combined Seed Metering Device

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11167223 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (16) ◽

pp. 7223

Author(s):

Dengyu Xiong ◽

Mingliang Wu ◽

Wei Xie ◽

Rong Liu ◽

Haifeng Luo

Keyword(s):

High Efficiency ◽

Cone Angle ◽

General Purpose ◽

Optimal Performance ◽

Air Velocity ◽

General Properties ◽

Response Surface Optimization ◽

Damage Rate ◽

Air Blowing ◽

Seed Metering Device

To address the problems of high damage rate, low seeding accuracy, and poor seeding generally in the seeding process, a general-purpose seeding device was designed in this study based on the principle of mechanical pneumatic combined seeding. The air-blowing-type cleaning and seed unloading of the device laid the conditions for precise seeding and flexible seeding. In addition, single-factor experiments were performed on seeds (e.g., soybeans, corn, and rape-seeds) with different particle sizes and shapes to verify the general properties of the seed metering device. A multi-factor response surface optimization experiment was performed by applying soybean seeds as the test object to achieve the optimal performance parameters of the seed metering device. At a seed-clearing air velocity of 16.7 m/s, a seed feeding drum speed of 13.7 r/min, and a hole cone angle of 35.6°, corresponding to the optimal performance index, the qualified index, the replay index, and the missed index reached 97.94%, 0.03%, and 2.03%, respectively. The verification test results are consistent with the optimized ones. As indicated from the results, the seed metering device exhibits good general properties, low damage rate, great precision, and high efficiency; it is capable of meeting general seeding operations of different crop seeds and technically supporting for the reliability and versatility of the seeder.

Download Full-text

Biochar Improves Maize Growth but Has a Limited Effect on Soil Properties: Evidence from a Three-Year Field Experiment

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13073617 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 3617

Author(s):

Agnieszka Medyńska-Juraszek ◽

Agnieszka Latawiec ◽

Jolanta Królczyk ◽

Adam Bogacz ◽

Dorota Kawałko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Soil Properties ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Temperate Climate ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Maize Growth ◽

Chemical Soil ◽

Physical And Chemical

Biochar application is reported as a method for improving physical and chemical soil properties, with a still questionable impact on the crop yields and quality. Plant productivity can be affected by biochar properties and soil conditions. High efficiency of biochar application was reported many times for plant cultivation in tropical and arid climates; however, the knowledge of how the biochar affects soils in temperate climate zones exhibiting different properties is still limited. Therefore, a three-year-long field experiment was conducted on a loamy Haplic Luvisol, a common arable soil in Central Europe, to extend the laboratory-scale experiments on biochar effectiveness. A low-temperature pinewood biochar was applied at the rate of 50 t h−1, and maize was selected as a tested crop. Biochar application did not significantly impact the chemical soil properties and fertility of tested soil. However, biochar improved soil physical properties and water retention, reducing plant water stress during hot dry summers, and thus resulting in better maize growth and higher yields. Limited influence of the low-temperature biochar on soil properties suggests the crucial importance of biochar-production technology and biochar properties on the effectiveness and validity of its application in agriculture.

Download Full-text

Inflight Transmission of COVID-19 Based on Experimental Aerosol Dispersion Data

Journal of Travel Medicine ◽

10.1093/jtm/taab023 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhaozhi Wang ◽

Edwin R Galea ◽

Angus Grandison ◽

John Ewer ◽

Fuchen Jia

Keyword(s):

High Efficiency ◽

Face Mask ◽

Generation Rate ◽

Aviation Industry ◽

Filtration System ◽

Dispersion Data ◽

Low Probability ◽

Meal Service ◽

Low Efficiency ◽

Aerosol Dispersion

Abstract Background An issue of concern to the travelling public is the possibility of in-flight transmission of COVID-19 during long- and short-haul flights. The aviation industry maintains that the probability of contracting the illness is small based on reported cases, modelling and data from aerosol dispersion experiments conducted on-board aircraft. Methods Using experimentally derived aerosol dispersion data for a B777–200 aircraft and a modified version of the Wells-Riley equation we estimate inflight infection probability for a range of scenarios involving quanta generation rate and face mask efficiency. Quanta generation rates were selected based on COVID-19 events reported in the literature while mask efficiency was determined from the aerosol dispersion experiments. Results The MID-AFT cabin exhibits the highest infection probability. The calculated maximum individual infection probability (without masks) for a 2-hour flight in this section varies from 4.5% for the ‘Mild Scenario’ to 60.2% for the ‘Severe Scenario’ although the corresponding average infection probability varies from 0.1% to 2.5%. For a 12-hour flight, the corresponding maximum individual infection probability varies from 24.1% to 99.6% and the average infection probability varies from 0.8% to 10.8%. If all passengers wear face masks throughout the 12-hour flight, the average infection probability can be reduced by approximately 73%/32% for high/low efficiency masks. If face masks are worn by all passengers except during a one-hour meal service, the average infection probability is increased by 59%/8% compared to the situation where the mask is not removed. Conclusions This analysis has demonstrated that while there is a significant reduction in aerosol concentration due to the nature of the cabin ventilation and filtration system, this does not necessarily mean that there is a low probability or risk of in-flight infection. However, mask wearing, particularly high-efficiency ones, significantly reduces this risk.

Download Full-text

High Efficiency Generalized Parallel Counters for Look-Up Table Based FPGAs

International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing ◽

10.1155/2015/518272 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Burhan Khurshid ◽

Roohie Naaz Mir

Keyword(s):

Power Dissipation ◽

High Speed ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Critical Path ◽

Fir Filters ◽

Path Delay ◽

Look Up Table ◽

Improved Performance ◽

Ip Cores ◽

Low Efficiency

Generalized parallel counters (GPCs) are used in constructing high speed compressor trees. Prior work has focused on utilizing the fast carry chain and mapping the logic onto Look-Up Tables (LUTs). This mapping is not optimal in the sense that the LUT fabric is not fully utilized. This results in low efficiency GPCs. In this work, we present a heuristic that efficiently maps the GPC logic onto the LUT fabric. We have used our heuristic on various GPCs and have achieved an improvement in efficiency ranging from 33% to 100% in most of the cases. Experimental results using Xilinx 5th-, 6th-, and 7th-generation FPGAs and Stratix IV and V devices from Altera show a considerable reduction in resources utilization and dynamic power dissipation, for almost the same critical path delay. We have also implemented GPC-based FIR filters on 7th-generation Xilinx FPGAs using our proposed heuristic and compared their performance against conventional implementations. Implementations based on our heuristic show improved performance. Comparisons are also made against filters based on integrated DSP blocks and inherent IP cores from Xilinx. The results show that the proposed heuristic provides performance that is comparable to the structures based on these specialized resources.

Download Full-text

Building Self-Service Printing System on College Educational Administration

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.1262 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 889-890 ◽

pp. 1262-1265

Author(s):

Chun Fang Shi

Keyword(s):

Educational Administration ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Ic Card ◽

Hardware System ◽

Teachers And Students ◽

Human Cost ◽

Printing System ◽

Background Database ◽

Self Service ◽

Low Efficiency

Printing system of college educational administration has been managed by artificial, which result in low efficiency and high human cost. So we build a system by docking the software and hardware system of background database based on IC card to realize self-service printing for teachers and students of college, which provide a high-efficiency, convenient and humanized service mode, and enhane the economical sense of teachers and students for creating a green campus.

Download Full-text

Indications for Dialysis in Acute Kidney Injury

10.2310/nephro.12038 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ankit Patel ◽

Kenneth B Christopher

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Renal Replacement Therapy ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Intermittent Hemodialysis ◽

Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration ◽

Continuous Venovenous Hemodialysis ◽

Low Efficiency ◽

The Impact

Renal replacement therapy (RRT) can be used to support patient’s kidney function in cases of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, timing, modality, and dosing of RRT continue to remain in question. Recent studies have begun to provide data to help guide clinicians on when to initiate RRT, what form of RRT to use ranging from continuous venovenous hemofiltration (VVH) to intermittent hemodialysis, and the impact of high versus low-intensity dosing. Additionally, the risks associated with temporary vascular access with regard to thrombosis and infection, the impact of high efficiency and flux versus low efficiency and flux membranes, and options for anticoagulation in RRT for AKI are also discussed. This review contains 75 references. Key words: acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, continuous venovenous hemofiltration, continuous venovenous hemodialysis, renal replacement therapy, venovenous hemofiltration,

Download Full-text

Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis Undergoing Renal Replacement Therapy in Intensive Care Units: A Five-Million Population-Based Study in the North-West of Italy

Blood Purification ◽

10.1159/000471917 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 198-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Filippo Mariano ◽

Marco Pozzato ◽

Paola Inguaggiato ◽

Cesare Guarena ◽

Ernesto Turello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Renal Replacement Therapy ◽

Lactic Acidosis ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Intensive Care Units ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Journal Club ◽

Large Population ◽

High Survival

Background: Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a severe complication of drug administration with significant morbidity and mortality. So far no study in large population areas have examined the incidence, clinical profile and outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI)-MALA patients admitted in intensive care units (ICUs) and treated by renal replacement therapy (MALA-RRT). Methods: Retrospective analysis over a 6-year period (2010-2015) in Piedmont and Aosta Valley regions (5,305,940 inhabitants, 141,174 diabetics treated with metformin) of all MALA-RRT cases. Results: One hundred and seventeen cases of AKI-MALA-RRT were observed (12.04/100,000 metformin treated diabetics, 1.45% of all RRT-ICU patients). Survival rate was 78.3%. The average duration of RRT was 4.0 days at mean dialysis effluent of 977 mL/kg/day. At admission most patients were dehydrated, and experienced shock and oliguria. Conclusion: Our data showed that MALA-RRT is a common complication, needing more prevention. Adopted policy of early, extended, continuous and high efficiency dialysis could contribute to an observed high survival rate. Video Journal Club “Cappuccino with Claudio Ronco” at http://www.karger.com/?doi=471917.

Download Full-text

Insights from Past Trends in Exergy Efficiency and Carbon Intensity of Electricity: Portugal, 1900–2014

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12030534 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 534

Author(s):

Laura Felício ◽

Sofia T. Henriques ◽

André Serrenho ◽

Tiago Domingos ◽

Tânia Sousa

Keyword(s):

World War I ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Electricity Production ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Carbon Intensity ◽

Renewable Electricity ◽

World War ◽

Residential Sector ◽

Electricity Use ◽

Low Efficiency

We use the societal exergy analysis to identify periods and factors controlling efficiency dilution and carbon deepening of electricity in Portugal from 1900 to 2014. Besides estimating the carbon intensity of electricity production, we propose a new indicator, the carbon intensity of electricity use, which quantifies CO2/kWh of electricity derived useful exergy. Results show final to useful efficiency dilution until World War I (50% to 30%) due to a decrease in share of the high-efficiency transport sector and from mid-1940s to 1960 and mid-1990s onwards (58% to 47% and 47% to 40%) due to an increase in share of the low efficiency commercial and residential sector. Decarbonization from 1900 to mid-1960s, with carbon intensities of electricity production and use dropping respectively from 12.8 to 0.2 and from 33.6 to 0.4 kg CO2/kWh due to an increase in thermoelectricity efficiencies and an increase in share of hydro. Then, a period of carbon deepening until 1990 with carbon intensities tripling due to a shift in shares from hydro to thermoelectricity and more recently a period of decarbonization with carbon intensities decreasing to 0.35 and 0.9 kg CO2/kWh, due to the increase in renewable electricity despite a dilution in final to useful efficiency.

Download Full-text