scholarly journals On the restoration of the leading role of mechanical engineering in building a new economy in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-107
Author(s):  
A. Amosha ◽  
◽  
N. Bryukhovetskaya ◽  
I. Buleev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Business Associations ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Systemic Crisis ◽  
High Level

The leaders of the modern world economy reached a high level of development during the period of industrial capitalist production. At present, in the world, machine production follows the path of minimizing and universalizing machines (systems, industries), robotization, computerization, digitalization, the formation of artificial intelligence, etc. All this is not de-industrialization, but a new stage in machine production, hyper-industrialization, building a new economy and introducing digitalization. Moving machine production from developed countries to third world countries does not mean de-industrialization of parent producer countries at all. It means their further development. In Ukraine, these complex processes are inadequately perceived, industry, mechanical engineering, for various reasons, have undergone total destruction through changes in forms of ownership, loss of strategy and development prospects, which is fundamentally wrong. In studies, insufficient attention is paid to the functioning of machine-building enterprises in “falling”, collapsing markets, there is no unambiguous and adequate understanding of what should be attributed to mechanical engineering, there is no clear classification of sub-sectors of mechanical engineering or business associations (industry, industry, sub-sector, complex, cluster). The variety of machine building classifications makes it difficult to assess economic activity objectively. The purpose of the article is to develop proposals for restoring the leading role of the industry in the technical re-equipment of the domestic economy production, its way out of the ongoing systemic crisis, based on the analysis of how the mechanical engineering functions as a driver of industrial and social development of industry and economy. It is shown that mechanical engineering provides a high level of labor productivity, production culture, science, contributes to the further deepening of labor cooperation. It was revealed that the most intellectually and professionally prepared part of the middle class was formed in mechanical engineering. The article examines the evolution of mechanical engineering over the years of the formation of the state, comparison with a number of industrial countries. The necessity of prioritizing the development of mechanical engineering for the formation of a modern self-sufficient economy is proved, the main directions of management including collaborative, structural and organizational regulation of the industry and the introduction of nature-like processes are outlined. The expediency and possibility to develop highly specialized industries in Ukraine and the cultivation of "hidden champions" have been substantiated.

scholarly journals The Major Determinants of Innovative Environment Formation in Georgia

2020 ◽  
pp. 243-249
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Innovative Environment ◽  
Job Growth ◽  
Innovative Economy

In parallel to the globalization of the modern world economy, the development of innovative policies for economic development is considered as a topical problem in a number of countries around the world. For developed countries, innovative economies have become one of the key preconditions for the country’s economic success. In Georgia, despite recent economic reforms, the country has not achieved tangible results in terms of innovation development. Hence the development of the economy needs to facilitate the formation of an innovative economy. Experience in developed countries shows that in a transformative economy the crucial role lies in the development of innovations and technological novelties. Accordingly, the article examines the contribution of innovation to the economic development of transformational countries. Priorities of innovation policy in Georgia have been identified, and the role of innovation in creating a competitive environment, increasing productivity and raising living standards has been assessed. The article uses the Global Innovation Index (GII) to assess the level of innovation in a country. There are discussed mechanisms that can help achieve long-term economic growth, productivity and job growth as well.

scholarly journals Situating Continuing Professional Development in Life Long Learning in Qatar

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishanth Weerakkody ◽  
Mohamad Osmani ◽  
Paul Waller ◽  
Nitham Hindi ◽  
Rajab Al-Esmail
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Continuing Professional Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Long Learning ◽  
The Us ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
The Uk ◽  
High Level

<p>Continued professional development (CPD) has been at the centre of capacity building in most successful organisations in western countries over the past few decades. Specialised professions in fields such as Accounting, Finance and ICT, to name but a few, are continuously evolving, which is necessitating certain standards to be followed through registration and certification by a designated authority (e.g. ACCA). Whilst most developed countries such as the UK and the US have well established frameworks for CPD for these professions, several developing nations, including Qatar (the chosen context for this article) are only just beginning to adopt these frameworks into their local contexts. However, the unique socio-cultural settings in such countries require these frameworks to be appropriately modified before they are adopted within the respective national context. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of CPD in Qatar through comparing the UK as a benchmark and drawing corresponding and contrasting observations to formulate a roadmap towards developing a high level framework.</p>

Traditional Institutions Meet the Modern World: Caste, Gender, and Schooling Choice in a Globalizing Economy

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1225-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaivan Munshi ◽  
Mark Rosenzweig
Keyword(s):  
New Economy ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Caste System ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Labor Market Participation ◽  
Lower Caste ◽  
Traditional Institution ◽  
Traditional Institutions ◽  
Language Schools

This paper addresses the question of how traditional institutions interact with the forces of globalization to shape the economic mobility and welfare of particular groups of individuals in the new economy. We explore the role of one such traditional institution—the caste system—in shaping career choices by gender in Bombay using new survey data on school enrollment and income over the past 20 years. We find that male working-class—lower-caste—networks continue to channel boys into local language schools that lead to the traditional occupation, despite the fact that returns to nontraditional white-collar occupations rose substantially in the 1990s, suggesting the possibility of a dynamic inefficiency. In contrast, lower-caste girls, who historically had low labor market participation rates and so did not benefit from the network, are taking full advantage of the opportunities that became available in the new economy by switching rapidly to English schools.

Visual communication in the age of digital media

2020 ◽  
Vol 592 (7) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Grażyna Penkowska
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Visual Communication ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Constant Increase ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Leading Role

The aim of the article is to popularize and attempt to reflect on the phenomenon of visuality in various areas of life in the age of new media. The first part of the text introduces the meaning of the term 'visualization' and shows various dimensions of visuality, which is an attempt to validate the assumption about the leading role of image in the modern world. The next part presents the main characteristics of visuality. Visuality is a mean of communication, description of events and expressing emotions. Visual objects affect both the cognitive and emotional sphere, which is the reason behind the constant increase of importance of the message with their participation. The last part of the article contains analysis of the positive and negative aspects of visuality. The dual nature of modern visual messages is associated with the specifics of digital media. The ease of creating and sending images in the era of new media leads to overload of the space with visual objects.

Collective Guilt and Attitudes Toward Recycling: Data From a North Queensland Sample

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela M. Pensini ◽  
Nerina J. Caltabiano
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Collective Guilt ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
Relevant Domain

There is overwhelming evidence that environmental concerns currently facing the modern world are, at least partly, due to the unsustainable use of resources in developed countries. In this study, feelings of collective guilt in members of a developed nation, Australia, were investigated as a factor motivating individuals to recycle. Eighty-five participants from North Queensland (24 male, 61 female; aged 17 to 64, M = 24.16, SD = 8.42) completed self-report measures of collective guilt, social desirability, social norms, attitudes toward recycling and percentage of household rubbish recycled. As predicted, those accepting more collective guilt for the actions of their ingroup reported more favourable attitudes toward recycling. However, collective guilt failed to predict actual recycling behaviour. The same was found for social norms in that they predicted attitudes to recycling, but not the amount of rubbish recycled. Attitudes toward recycling were the only successful predictor of the amount of rubbish recycled. This study has demonstrated the role of the emotion of collective guilt and social norms in one environmentally relevant domain. Avenues for future research regarding the implications of collective guilt on ecological behaviour have been discussed.

The Role of Cognitive Skills in Economic Development

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A Hanushek ◽  
Ludger Woessmann
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
School Quality ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
School Attainment ◽  
High Level

The role of improved schooling, a central part of most development strategies, has become controversial because expansion of school attainment has not guaranteed improved economic conditions. This paper reviews the role of cognitive skills in promoting economic well-being, with a particular focus on the role of school quality and quantity. It concludes that there is strong evidence that the cognitive skills of the population—rather than mere school attainment—are powerfully related to individual earnings, to the distribution of income, and to economic growth. New empirical results show the importance of both minimal and high level skills, the complementarity of skills and the quality of economic institutions, and the robustness of the relationship between skills and growth. International comparisons incorporating expanded data on cognitive skills reveal much larger skill deficits in developing countries than generally derived from just school enrollment and attainment. The magnitude of change needed makes clear that closing the economic gap with developed countries will require major structural changes in schooling institutions.

scholarly journals The prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in persons with arterial hypertension exposed to occupational stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-544
Author(s):  
A. I. Telegina ◽  
R. A. Liferov ◽  
A. Ya. Fisun ◽  
R. G. Makiev ◽  
V. V. Gornov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Atherosclerotic Process ◽  
High Level

Based on the literature data and the results of their own research, the authors emphasize the importance of studying adverse effects of high emotional load during stress-induced hypertension and draw attention to the high prevalence of modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disease among servicemen exposed to occupational stress. It has been shown that lifestyle of hypertensive subjects under heavy stress is characterized by irrational changes in eating behavior, high prevalence of smoking, increased alcohol consumption, and low physical activity. The leading role of long-term emotional stress was demonstrated as an independent risk factor of hypertension in servicemen exposed to long-term occupational psycho-emotional stress. Analysis of the intima-media complex thickness in brachiocephalic arteries, depending on the level of psychosocial stress demonstrated that the group of the examined servicemen with hypertension showed changes that might be due to the development of atherosclerotic process, the response to increased flow, and arterial wall tension at a high level of stress. These changes are unidirectional regardless of the duration of hypertension history. Results of evaluation of the overall risk of developing cardiovascular complications based on the SCORE scale in the servicemen with established and newly diagnosed hypertension under heavy stress suggest its enhancement in the next 10 years which makes necessary implementation of a system of measures for preventing and correcting pathological conditions caused by stressful loads. Stratification of risk factors is essential for early diagnosis of hypertension and the choice of adequate therapy in subjects undergoing high psycho-emotional stress.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL CONTROLLING IN THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF TOURISM AND RECREATIONAL COMPANY

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Maia Seliverstova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Main Task ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Destabilizing Factors ◽  
High Level

In the modern world tourism and recreation are highly profitable activities, which also have asignificantimpact on the economy of the country, contributing to the inflow of foreign currency, creating newjobs, improving infrastructure and so on. In the conditions of economic instability and high level of marketcompetition, success of financial-economic activity of tourist enterprises is determined by the efficiency ofdecision-making that directly depends on the total access to information about the financial state and existingrisks.The aim of the researchwas to identify the role of financial controllingin the management systemof tourist-and-recreational company.Research methodsused for this research paper were analysis, synthesis, comparison, classificationand grouping of functions and objectives oftheobjectbeing studied.The objectwas the role of financial controlling in the management system.It is believed that controlling as economic term was discovered in Europe in the 15th century, afterthat it gained a wide development in the United States. In Russia, the concept of controlling became popularin the 1990s.Conclusions:1. The main task of financial controlling is to maintain profitability and ensure liquidity,i.e. the ability of the enterprise to fulfil its payment obligations at any time that is most relevant for the tourismindustry. Among the key challenges faced by resort companies, it is important to headline the seasonality ofdemand, which largely affects the using of their material resources. The duration of the active period can varyfrom 90 to 180 days; it often depends on climateand a number of other factors (Zlenko, 2015). In order tostabilize the work during the off-season, maintain financial stability and solvency in recent years many tourismand recreational enterprises began to strive for the introduction of modern management systems. 2. Aneffective system of financial controlling at a tourist and recreational enterprise allows fully assessing thecurrent position of the company, making forecasts and successfully resisting external destabilizing factors.

scholarly journals Evolution of European Sanctions: From Individual Measures to Consolidated Policy

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
V. A. Silaeva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Military Force ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Policy ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Union Policy ◽  
High Level ◽  
Restrictive Measures

In modern world, as more and more states are reluctant to apply direct military force, the role of non-military instruments of coercion such as economic sanctions augments in international relations. In recent years economic sanctions have become firmly anchored in the system of European instruments of foreign policy. Although their implementation and monitoring still requires substantial improvements, progress and high level of consolidation can be witnessed on several recent examples. The article focuses on the evolution of the institutional basis and the mechanisms of coordination of the European Union policy in the sphere of restrictive measures, as well as detailed analysis of current tools of elaboration and implementation of various economic foreign instruments. Three stages can be distinguished in the evolution of European restrictive measures. Originally, there was no coordination as sanctions were introduced by nation states separately and individually. However, with the rise of economic interdependency of the allies there appeared new instruments for the exchange of information and opinions that have evolved into strictly binding mechanisms we can witness today. The example of Iranian sanctions shows what new schemes have been elaborated to increase the effectiveness of sanctions policy and how they have spread and developed, including to work out sanctions against Russia.

NEW ECONOMY: SYNERGY OF INFORMATIZATION AND GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY

2018 ◽  
Vol Vol 17 (Vol 17, No 1 (2018)) ◽  
pp. 34-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksym Zhyvko Zhyvko
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Technological Potential ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
European Civilization

The relationship between the new economy and civil society as a special institution that influences structural transformations of European civilization is explored since this model uses innovations, scientific and technological potential, which is an accelerated engine of social and economic development, and the need for stimulation is the main one. the priority of the policy of many developed countries. The aim is to develop a specific methodology for studying the interaction between the new economy and civil society in developed and developing countries, mainly related to information development. The object of research is human capital - the primary social value, its preservation and further development require the increase of investment in science from all social subjects The most important role of governments, should be the creation at all levels of the social structure of the most favorable conditions for financing in the production sphere and transfer of knowledge. A liberal model of civil society is developed, as a model of «minimal intervention». The analysis of the main factors of the development of a new economy in the structure of European civilization is carried out, and the conclusions are formulated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document