Coping with Firms

2020 ◽  
pp. 293-326
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Robé
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
World Power ◽  
The World ◽  
Full Picture ◽  
Accounting Rules ◽  
The Impact

The Chapter addresses the need to cope with firms as participants in the World Power System. « Agency theory » has led to biased firm governance. The bias extends to accounting rules which do not provide a full picture of the impact of a firm’s operations and actually prevents firms from adapting their ways to the requirements of today’s predicament. Addressing world issues such as climate change requires the making of decisions to change our ways of producing, travelling and consuming. In an open economy, the competition among large business firms derivatively leads to a race to the bottom among States to offer firms accommodating legal environments. This limits the States’ ability to internalize negative externalities and to redistribute income. Given the inherent defects of our divided State System, it is at the firm level that governmental rules must be developed so that firms consider the consequences of their activities to a larger extend than they do today. Economic decisions within organizations are made on the basis of the accounting of their operations. To change the decisions they make, we need to amend the ways organizations account for their operations.

scholarly journals Trade credit, trade income elasticity and the international transmission of shocks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Watson
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Trade Credit ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Heterogeneous Firms ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Macroeconomic Shocks ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuations ◽  
Irish Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe paper examines the impact of trade credit on cyclical fluctuations in international trade. It provides new empirical evidence based on firm-level UK and Irish data showing that exporters use trade credit more actively and intensively than non-exporters. The study introduces inter-firm lending into an open economy general equilibrium model with heterogeneous firms and endogenous entry into the exports market. It demonstrates that trade credit amplifies the impact of macroeconomic shocks on international trade both along the intensive and extensive margins and that it significantly contributes to the high trade income elasticity observed in the data.

scholarly journals 13.D. Workshop: SDGs in the focus of environmental and health issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Environmental And Health Issues ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This workshop is dedicated on SDGs in the focus of environmental and health issues, as very important and actual topic. One of the characteristics of today's societies is the significant availability of modern technologies. Over 5 billion (about 67%) people have a cellphone today. More than 4.5 billion people worldwide use the Internet, close to 60% of the total population. At the same time, one third of the people in the world does not have access to safe drinking water and half of the population does not have access to safe sanitation. The WHO at UN warns of severe inequalities in access to water and hygiene. Air, essential to life, is a leading risk due to ubiquitous pollution and contributes to the global disease burden (7 million deaths per year). Air pollution is a consequence of traffic and industry, but also of demographic trends and other human activities. Food availability reflects global inequality, famine eradication being one of the SDGs. The WHO warns of the urgency. As technology progresses, social inequality grows, the gap widens, and the environment continues to suffer. Furthermore, the social environment in societies is “ruffled” and does not appear to be beneficial toward well-being. New inequalities are emerging in the availability of technology, climate change, education. The achievement reports on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also point out to the need of reviewing individual indicators. According to the Sustainable Development Agenda, one of the goals is to reduce inequalities, and environmental health is faced by several specific goals. The Global Burden of Disease is the most comprehensive effort to date to measure epidemiological levels and trends worldwide. It is the product of a global research collaborative and quantifies the impact of hundreds of diseases, injuries, and risk factors in countries around the world. This workshop will also discuss Urban Health as a Complex System in the light of SDGs. Climate Change, Public Health impacts and the role of the new digital technologies is also important topic which is contributing to SDG3, improving health, to SDG4, allowing to provide distance health education at relatively low cost and to SDG 13, by reducing the CO2 footprint. Community Engagement can both empower vulnerable populations (so reducing inequalities) and identify the prior environmental issues to be addressed. The aim was to search for public health programs using Community Engagement tools in healthy environment building towards achievement of SDGs. Key messages Health professionals are involved in the overall process of transformation necessary to achieve the SDGs. Health professionals should be proactive and contribute to the transformation leading to better health for the environment, and thus for the human population.

Influence of Renminbi Internationalization on China’s Monetary Policy Effects: A Theoretical Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Huiguan Ding ◽  
Asli Ogunc ◽  
Dale Funderburk ◽  
Shiyou Li ◽  
Zhebie Shi
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Securities Markets ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Policy Effects ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rmb Internationalization

For more than a decade, the People’s Republic of China has sought to expand the degree of internationalization of its official currency. In recent decades, China has become the world’s second largest economy, as well as the world’s largest trading nation, and its securities markets are among the largest in the world. Today, the RMB is among the top five as a world payments currency. One of the significant costs of achieving higher degrees of internationalization of a country’s currency is the complicating impact it has on the efficacy and effect of that country’s domestic monetary policy.  However, what is the nature and extent of that complicating impact? This paper employs an IS-LM model of an open economy as an analytical framework, embeds an RMB internationalization factor into that model. Specifically, with this model we examine the impact of RMB internationalization on the effects of China’s monetary policy. 

scholarly journals Foreign Experience of State Management of Raw Materials Industries and the Possibility of its Implementation in the Russian Federation in the Post-Covid Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 05004
Author(s):  
Dmitry Rodnyansky ◽  
Ivan Makarov ◽  
Evgeniya Korotayeva ◽  
Vadim Kovrigin ◽  
Vladislav Nazarenko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
State Management ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

In modern conditions, issues related to the effectiveness of the regulation of the oil industry by the state are becoming increasingly important. In January 2018, the World Economic Forum was held in Davos, which, in particular, noted the impact of the growth of protectionist trends in the global trade in hydrocarbons, and the impact of climate change on the planet on the export of hydrocarbons. As a result of the forum, the key ways of adjusting the policy of states in the relevant area were identified. At the same time, a significant number of states are already seeing the process of changing state regulation of the industry. In this article, the authors analyzed the systems of state regulation of the oil industry in different countries, and also gave assessments of the possibility of integrating new mechanisms into the system of sectoral management in Russia in the conditions of post-covid reality

scholarly journals Understanding the Incremental Impact of Built Environment on Climate Change of Metropolitan City Karachi

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-685
Author(s):  
Nimra Kanwal ◽  
Nuhzat Khan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Design ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Green Area ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Buildings are the most important part of development activities, consumed over one-thirds of the global energy. Household used the maximum energy around the world, likewise in Pakistan residential buildings consumed about half of total energy (45.9% per year). The study aims to analyze the impact of building design on climate of Metropolitan City Karachi, Pakistan and to evaluate the change in urbanization patterns and energy consumption in the buildings. To have better understanding of the issues correlations was established amongst population, urbanization patterns, green area, number of buildings (residential and commercial), building design, energy consumption and metrological records (climate change parameters) by collecting the data from the respective departments. With the help of the collected data amount of carbon dioxide was estimated. The results reveled that during last 36 years the urban population of Karachi increased exponentially from 5,208,000 (1981) to 14,737,257 (2017) with increase in urbanized area from 8.35 km2 (1946) to 3,640 km2 (2017) that may led to reduce the green area of the city from 495,000 hectors (1971) to 100,000 hectors (2015). Moreover, the building’s design and numbers are being changed from 21 high-rise buildings (2009) to 344 (2017). It may be concluded that change in temperature pattern and climatic variability of the city may be due to increase in population and change in lifestyle that lead to high energy consumption that is prime source of increased in CO2 emission in the environment of Karachi city, However, Greenhouse Gases (GHG) releases are much lower than the levels reported from metropolitan cities around the world.

The Impact of Climate Change in the Modern Enterprise

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Danos ◽  
Konstantina Boulouta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Modern Enterprise ◽  
The World ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
The Impact

This article analyses the profound and rapid climate changes that have taken place worldwide in the past two decades and their effects on modern enterprise. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and developing strategies to adapt to and counterbalance future impacts of climate change sustainably are among the most pressing needs of the world today. Global temperatures are predicted to continue rising, bringing changes in weather patterns, rising sea levels, and increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Such climatic events can have a major impact on households, businesses, critical infrastructure and vulnerable sections of society, as well as having a major economic impact. Therefore, society must prepare to cope with living in a changing climate. The effects of a changing climate have considerable impacts on modern enterprises. In some parts of the world, these impacts are increasingly becoming evident.

scholarly journals Study of Social Vulnerability of Climate Change at the Mountain Ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 02023
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rifqi Maulana ◽  
Denny Nugroho Sugianto
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Mountain Ecosystem ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Social Measurement ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is a global phenomenon, where the impact will be experienced by all parts of the world. One of the areas studied was Indonesia. Climate change in Indonesia has the direct and indirect effect on aspects of human life. Climate change can cause ecosystem disturbances. One of which is a mountainous ecosystem on Mount Rinjani, Lombok Island. The mountain ecosystem is very similar to the climate in Indonesia, this will have a special impact on the agricultural sectors. Therefore it is necessary to know the level in their environment. This paper will discuss social measurement parameters and their impact on climate in mountain ecosystems. The main factors are ecosystems (control environment, settlement patterns), ecology (forest cover, cliff conditions) and economy (livelihood & income / natural resources).

ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF INVESTIGATIONS OF THE CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON RIVER WATER FLOW

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Hanna Bolbot ◽  
Vasyl Grebin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Insufficient Attention ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

A huge number of scientific researches in the world are devoted to the research of global and regional climate change and their impact on water resources. In Ukraine, this issue is receiving insufficient attention. Researches have been done to assess current trends in river runoff, but future estimates of changes in Ukraine’s water flow have been presented in only a few papers. Present studies of this issue are conducted using hydrological modeling. The ensemble approach is widely used to increase the reliability of estimates of possible future changes in water runoff, that is, the use of data from several GCM and RCM models, with subsequent averaging of their results. Unfortunately, this methodological approach was not used in Ukraine. Using the water-balance method, local manifestations of global climate change within individual catchments can be estimated with sufficient quality. To estimate the temporal variability of the components of the water balance, a comparison of the available hydrological and climatic characteristics of the current period with the period of the climatic norm is used, as well as the method of differential integral curves, which reflects characteristic tendencies in the long-term dynamics of individual components of the water balance. Analyzing all available approaches to research on the impact of climate change on water flow, we can conclude that a complex method is the best for this investigation. Given that a large number of methods are used in the world, reliable estimates can be obtained by developing unified and validated methods and techniques. Therefore, the first step in this way should be a comparative analysis of the results obtained by the most commonly used methods. In the field of water, climate change can lead to changes in rainfall, hydrodynamic regime and water balance of rivers, increase of catastrophic floods and excessive drought, shortage of fresh water. Unfortunately, there is insufficient attention paid to the study of this issue in Ukraine. That is why assessing the impact of climate change on water flow and forecasting them is a very necessary task.

Book Reviews

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-786
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
London School ◽  
New Era ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
London School Of Economics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Institute

Gary Yohe of Wesleyan University reviews “The Global Deal: Climate Change and the Creation of a New Era of Progress and Prosperity” by Nicholas Stern,. The EconLit Abstract of the reviewed work begins “Considers how to create a global deal to take action to reduce the impact and damage of climate change in the world. Discusses why there is a problem and how we can deal with it; the dangers; how emissions can be reduced, and at what cost; adapting to climate change; ethics, discounting, and the case for action; policies to reduce emissions; individuals, firms, communities--the power of example; the structure of a global deal; building and sustaining action; and a planet in peril. Stern is IG Patel Chair in Economics and Government and Chair of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change at the London School of Economics. Bibliography; index.”

scholarly journals Can Panel Data Methodologies Determine the Impact of Climate Change on Economic Growth?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Rosen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Omitted Variable Bias ◽  
The World ◽  
Variable Bias ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Several major papers have been published over the last ten years claiming to have detected the impact of either annual variations in weather or climate change on the GDPs of most countries in the world using panel data-based statistical methodologies. These papers rely on various multivariate regression equations which include the annual average temperatures for most countries in the world as one or more of the independent variables, where the usual dependent variable is the change in annual GDP for each country from one year to the next year over 30-50 year time periods. Unfortunately, the quantitative estimates derived in these papers are misleading because the equations from which they are calculated are wrong. The major reason the resulting regression equations are wrong is because they do not include any of the appropriate and usual economic factors or variables which are likely to be able to explain changes in GDP/economic growth whether or not climate change has already impacted each country’s economy. These equations, in short, exhibit suffer from “omitted variable bias,” to use statistical terminology.

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