scholarly journals Moral Value, Response-Dependence, and Rigid Designation

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Moral Value ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Rigid Designation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Epistemological Obstacles ◽  
Moral Properties ◽  
Response Dependence

It is part of our notion of moral properties (certain forms of relativism to the contrary) that they are in some sense independent of our moral beliefs. A murderer cannot make his action moral simply by believing that it is so. Slavery was immoral even if a large number of people once believed that it was permissible, and it would remain so in the future even if every person came to believe that it was morally acceptable. But views that take moral properties to be objective and thoroughly mind-independent constituents of reality face familiar metaphysical and epistemological obstacles.

scholarly journals The beauty of a man of Russian and foreign

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.I. Burlakova
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Moral Evaluation ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Russian People ◽  
The Future ◽  
Physical Beauty

The highest spiritual and moral value of man is the harmonious unity of his physical perfection, moral beliefs, motivation, purposeful will and creative intelligence. These qualities of a person are interrelated. The beauty in a person is revealed in the deep connection of spiritual and physical beauty of the person by F. M. Dostoevsky. As a national artist, he talked not so much about the physical beauty of man in general, but about the Russian man. The artist understands the beauty as a certain dignity of man, in this case, the representative of the Russian people. The writer in many of his works presented a humane view of the spiritual side of human life. On the pages of his works, he speaks about the inevitability of suffering as a test of personality for vitality, and at the same time he does not reject the future joys that can lead to the decomposition of personality. In this sense, suffering can be given a positive moral assessment, as it contributes to a certain extent to the formation of a whole personality. Huge value Dostoevsky gave more important to the human condition, which makes it look solid and pretty - creative work. The fact of high moral evaluation of this quality in man in the era of acute social conflicts is of great progressive importance, as evidence of the humanism of the writer's ideals.

scholarly journals Against Empathy Bias: The Moral Value of Equitable Empathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Fowler ◽  
Kyle Fiore Law ◽  
Brendan Gaesser
Keyword(s):  
Moral Life ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Insight ◽  
Insight Into

Empathy has long been considered central in living a moral life. However, mounting evidence has shown that empathy is often biased towards (i.e., felt more strongly for) close and similar others, igniting a debate over whether empathy is inherently morally flawed and should be abandoned in efforts to strive towards greater equity. This debate has focused on whether empathy limits the scope of our morality, with little consideration of whether it may be our moral beliefs limiting our empathy. Across two studies conducted on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (N= 604), we investigate moral judgments of biased and equitable feelings of empathy. We observed a moral preference for empathy towards socially close over distant others. However, feeling equal empathy for all is seen as the most morally and socially valuable. These findings provide new theoretical insight into the relationship between empathy and morality with implications for navigating towards a more egalitarian future.

scholarly journals KARAKTER KEWARGAAN MULTIKULTURAL BERBASIS NILAI MORAL DI SMA NEGERI 2 KABUPATEN SORONG

2019 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Ihsan Ihsan
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Character Development ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Needs Analysis ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Model Based ◽  
The People ◽  
The Future ◽  
Multicultural Marriages

Penelitian ini memiliki dua tujuan utama. mengidentifikasi karakter kewargaan multikultural yang berbasis nilai Moral di SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Sorong. berdasar identifikasi kebutuhan masyarakat papua pada umumnya dan khususnya Siswa yang berada di SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Sorong. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa analisis kebutuhan pembinaan karakter kewargaan multikultural di SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Sorong, yaitu sekolah merupakan pihak yang mempunyai kewenangan dalam mendidik dan membina Siswa sehingga dapat terbentuk karakter kewargaan yang berbasis nilai moral. Siswa merupakan calon pendidik masa depan dan harus memiliki model pembinaan berbasis nilai moral dalam lingkungan Siswa di sekolah SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Sorong. Pembinaan karakter Siswa sehingga terdapat kesamaan langkah strategis dalam implementasi di dunia pendidikan secara umum dan secara khusus Siswa Papua. Menganalisis kebutuhan  karakter kewargaan berbasis nilai moral diperguruan tinggi, bahwa pembinaan karakter kewargaan di perguruan tinggi telah berjalan namun belum terprogram secara sistemik, sehingga tidak memiliki dampak signifikan. Dalam konteks Pembinaan  karakter berbasis nilai moral Siswa papua terkait dengan kebutuhan praktis model pembinaan karakter kewargaan multikultur berbasis Nilai Moral di Sekolah. Research has two main objectives. Identify citizenry multicultural marrieges value character based on values SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Sorong. Based on the needs the people of new guinea in general and especially university students in SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Sorong. The result of this research suggests that character development needs analysis in SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Sorong citizenry multicultural marriages, the campus were the ones who authorized in educating students so that it can be formed and to create citizenry character based on values. Students is the educator for  the future and have to have a model based development values in the SMA Negeri 2 Kabupaten Sorong students on campus. Character development and there were students in particular. Analyze the needs of character zitizenry on college has been running but have not been systematically program, so that there is no has hed a significant impact. In the context of the establishment of a character based moral value students papua in college relating to practical needs character development model citizenry based multicultur moral value in college.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the shaping the moral-value field of students

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 03034
Author(s):  
Elena Nikolaevna Smagina
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Educational Organization ◽  
The Future ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Effective Conditions

The paper presents a theoretical analysis of approaches to the definition of the concept of “psychological and pedagogical” conditions in educational institutions for shaping the moral-value field of students. The attention of educators and psychologists to the problem of the presence of the necessary conditions conducive to the formation and development of the personality of students has led to the fact that this concept is studied from different points of view, makes it possible to highlight certain characteristics, to get away from the parameters of uncertainty in the scientific and practical aspects. Today, every educational organization is obliged to create conditions conducive to the shaping a personality, spiritual and moral values, socialization of the younger generation. The theoretical analysis of this concept enables to determine and to highlight the most effective conditions in the future, to compare the degree of their effectiveness among the selected ones.

scholarly journals Moral Uncertainty and Value Comparison

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Moral Deliberation ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Moral Uncertainty ◽  
Positive Motivation

Several philosophers have recently argued that decision-theoretic frameworks for rational choice under risk fail to provide prescriptions for choice in cases of moral uncertainty. They conclude that there are no rational norms that are “sensitive” to a decision maker’s moral uncertainty. But this chapter argues that one sometimes has a rational obligation to take one’s moral uncertainty into account in the course of moral deliberation. It first provides positive motivation for the view that one’s moral beliefs can affect what it is rational for one to choose. It then addresses the problem of value comparison, according to which one cannot determine the expected moral value of one’s actions. The chapter argues that we should not infer from the problem of value comparison that there are no rational norms governing choice under moral uncertainty.

Emotional Consciousness and Personal Relationships

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
The Third ◽  
Relational Value ◽  
Moral Properties ◽  
Bare Awareness ◽  
Third Dimension

Three kinds of emotional consciousness are distinguished in this article: feeling awareness, intellectual awareness, and bare awareness. All are important to three moral properties that emotions may have: epistemic, practical, and relational. The bulk of this article is devoted to the third dimension of moral value, that emotions are constitutive of personal relationships such as friendship, enmity, good and bad parenthood, and collegiality. The conception of emotions as concern-based construals (Roberts, 2003) is put to work to explain how felt and intellectually conscious emotions are constitutive of the qualities of such relationships. The relational value of emotions interacts with their epistemic and practical values.

scholarly journals РОЛЬ ЕТНОПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО ПІДХОДУ У ПРАКТИЦІ ПІДГОТОВКИ ВЧИТЕЛЯМУЗИКАНТА ДО МИСТЕЦЬКО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ У ШКОЛІ

2020 ◽  
pp. 334-347
Author(s):  
Світлана Крамська ◽  
◽  
Тетяна Матвієнко ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Art Teachers ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
The Future ◽  
Further Development

The paper outlines the importance of ethnopedagogical approach in the practice of training musical art teachers in a higher art institution, highlights the need for deep modernization of Ukrainian ethnopedagogy achievements in modern conditions. The article defines the purpose and significance of this phenomenon, introduction of which into the educational process of the HEI can ensure successful artistic development of future teachersmusicians and their readiness for further music-pedagogical activities with elements of ethnopedagogical direction in conditions of the educational process of the secondary schools. Implementation of the ethnopedagogical approach in the process of professional training of musical art teachers will ensure successful realization of the Ukrainian national idea, will contribute to the formation of students’ national consciousness, will help them to learn universal values. Through the feeling of the richness of the sound palette of his people’s art, the personal traits of the future teacher-musician (sensitivity and intelligence, emotionality) will be nurtured, which in turn will improve his professional level. This will intensify cognitive activity of the future teachers-musicians, develop their musical and aesthetic representations, increase the overall level of musical and aesthetic culture, guide their moral beliefs accordingly. Introduction of the ethnopedagogical approach in the process of professional training of students of music-pedagogical specialties is closely related to the further development of the system of music and aesthetic education of our students, where the teacher is a kind of a mediator for the child to learn about the world. Therefore, to ensure the effective work of graduates of higher art institutions, the issue of using material from the national musical and musical-pedagogical heritage is relevant not only in the process of ethnopedagogical training in universities, but also directly in the educational process in secondary schools.

scholarly journals Moral sense by Charles Darwin

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Drago Djuric
Keyword(s):  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Moral Sense ◽  
Normative Ethics ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Descriptive Ethics ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Moral Properties ◽  
And Behaviors

At the beginning of this paper Darwin's approach to science will be presented. This will be illustrated with his own modality of his main claims and modesty he had shown in evaluating the worth of his theory. Than we shall present his four suppositions important for preservation and evolution of moral sense. After that we will consider the issue of relation between inherited and acquired moral properties and main characteristics which according to Darwin, make difference between social instinct in lower animals and moral sense in man. At the end some we shall present some arguments for thesis that in evolutionary scientific approach to ethics there is no room for unbridgeable gap between facts and values, 'ought' and 'is', and some arguments for thesis that from the point of view of the theory of evolution we can have descriptive ethics, but not any prescriptive or normative ethics except predictions that some moral beliefs and behaviors can be evolutionary successful.

Moral Naturalism and Nonnaturalism

Philosophy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Crisp
Keyword(s):  
Natural World ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Natural Properties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Moral Naturalism ◽  
The World ◽  
Moral Properties ◽  
Natural Will ◽  
Naturalistic Account

Understood broadly, the debate between naturalists and nonnaturalists in ethics concerns the question of how morality, and in particular moral value, is related to the natural world. In contemporary philosophy, this is usually seen as primarily a metaphysical issue, though in the past the term “nonnaturalism” was sometimes applied to intuitionist positions in epistemology. Moral naturalists can be divided into two categories, realist and nonrealist. Realist naturalists believe that moral properties are a subset of natural properties, or are in some sense identical with or constituted by such properties. Nonrealist naturalists believe that although we can speak of moral properties, those properties are not themselves real in the way that natural properties are: their attribution may be the result of, say, our expressing certain attitudes we have, rather than our detecting certain properties “out there” in the world. This nonrealist view can still be described as a form of moral naturalism, since it seeks a naturalistic account of morality. However the metaphysical debate is understood, some account of what it is for a property to be natural will be required. This debate continues, but one position, influenced by G. E. Moore, identifies the natural properties in some way with those properties that feature in scientific explanations, or that are in some sense reducible to or constructible from such properties. That of course raises the question of what counts as a science. The term “naturalism” is also often used to refer to theories, usually neo-Aristotelian, according to which value is bound up with human nature.

scholarly journals Recklessness and Uncertainty: Jackson Cases and Merely Apparent Asymmetry

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-413
Author(s):  
Claire Field
Keyword(s):  
Moral Worth ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Moral Assessment ◽  
Normative Uncertainty ◽  
Do So

Is normative uncertainty like factual uncertainty? Should it have the same effects on our actions? Some have thought not. Those who defend an asymmetry between normative and factual uncertainty typically do so as part of the claim that our moral beliefs in general are irrelevant to both the moral value and the moral worth of our actions (Weatherson 2014; Harman 2015). Here I use the consideration of Jackson cases to challenge this view, arguing that we can explain away the apparent asymmetries between normative and factual uncertainty by considering the particular features of the cases in greater detail. Such consideration shows that, in fact, normative and factual uncertainty are equally relevant to moral assessment.

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