scholarly journals Growth-profile configuration for specific deformations of tubular organs: A study of growth-induced thinning and dilation of the human cervix

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255895
Author(s):  
Kun Gou ◽  
Seungik Baek ◽  
Marvin M. F. Lutnesky ◽  
Hai-Chao Han
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Computational Results ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Growth Profile ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Uniform Growth ◽  
Growth Profiles ◽  
Deformation Patterns ◽  
Organ Dysfunctions ◽  
Human Cervix

Growth is a significant factor that results in deformations of tubular organs, and particular deformations associated with growth enable tubular organs to perform certain physiological functions. Configuring growth profiles that achieve particular deformation patterns is critical for analyzing potential pathological conditions and for developing corresponding clinical treatments for tubular organ dysfunctions. However, deformation-targeted growth is rarely studied. In this article, the human cervix during pregnancy is studied as an example to show how cervical thinning and dilation are generated by growth. An advanced hyperelasticity theory called morphoelasticity is employed to model the deformations, and a growth tensor is used to represent growth in three principle directions. The computational results demonstrate that both negative radial growth and positive circumferential growth facilitate thinning and dilation. Modeling such mixed growth represents an advancement beyond commonly used uniform growth inside tissues to study tubular deformations. The results reveal that complex growth may occur inside tissues to achieve certain tubular deformations. Integration of further biochemical and cellular activities that initiate and mediate such complex growth remains to be explored.

An Ultrastructural Study of the Proliferation Patterns of the Reserve Cells of the Human Cervix Uteri

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Takanori Sohda ◽  
Hiroshi Saito ◽  
Goro Asano ◽  
Katsunari Fukushi ◽  
Katsuya Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Morphological Aspect ◽  
Functional Aspect ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Human Cervix ◽  
Morphological Patterns

Recently, the functional aspect as well as morphological aspect of the reserve cells in the cervix uteri drew much attention in view of the carcinogenesis in squamocolumunar junction. In this communication, the authors elucidate the ultrastructural features of the reserve cells in patients of various age groups visiting our university hospital and affiliated hospital.From conventional light microscopic point of view, the reserve cells tend to be pronounced in various pathological conditions, such as the persisting inflammation, proliferative disorders and irritation of hormones. The morphological patterns of the reserve cells from various stage and degree of irritation were observed.

scholarly journals Intrinsic Disorder-Based Emergence in Cellular Biology: Physiological and Pathological Liquid-Liquid Phase Transitions in Cells

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 990 ◽  
Author(s):  
April L. Darling ◽  
Boris Y. Zaslavsky ◽  
Vladimir N. Uversky
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Intrinsic Disorder ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Liquid Liquid Phase Separation ◽  
In Cells

The visible outcome of liquid-liquid phase transitions (LLPTs) in cells is the formation and disintegration of various proteinaceous membrane-less organelles (PMLOs). Although LLPTs and related PMLOs have been observed in living cells for over 200 years, the physiological functions of these transitions (also known as liquid-liquid phase separation, LLPS) are just starting to be understood. While unveiling the functionality of these transitions is important, they have come into light more recently due to the association of abnormal LLPTs with various pathological conditions. In fact, several maladies, such as various cancers, different neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, are known to be associated with either aberrant LLPTs or some pathological transformations within the resultant PMLOs. Here, we will highlight both the physiological functions of cellular liquid-liquid phase transitions as well as the pathological consequences produced through both dysregulated biogenesis of PMLOs and the loss of their dynamics. We will also discuss the potential downstream toxic effects of proteins that are involved in pathological formations.

Recurrence of Spruce Budworm Outbreaks for Two Hundred Years in Western Quebec

1981 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 273-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Ottawa River ◽  
History Of ◽  
Growth Profiles

The history of spruce bubworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreaks for the past two hundred years in the Ottawa River Valley in Quebec was retraced through radial-growth studies on old white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench)) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) trees. The radial-growth profiles clearly indicate three suppression periods resulting from outbreaks that occurred in the twentieth century, each starting about 1910, 1940 and 1967. There is no evidence of an outbreak during the nineteenth century in this region. However, a reduction in radial-growth starting in 1783 observed on the only three specimens of white spruce over 200 years old, has the characteristics of that caused by a budworm outbreak. An interval of 127 years between this and the 1910 outbreak is similar to other long intervals between outbreaks recorded prior to the twentieth century for some other regions in eastern Canada.

scholarly journals γδ T Cells Participating in Nervous Systems: A Story of Jekyll and Hyde

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunxuan Li ◽  
Yixi Zhang ◽  
Xun Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

γδ T cells are distributed in various lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues, and act as early responders in many conditions. Previous studies have proven their significant roles in infection, cancer, autoimmune diseases and tissue maintenance. Recently, accumulating researches have highlighted the crosstalk between γδ T cells and nervous systems. In these reports, γδ T cells maintain some physiological functions of central nervous system by secreting interleukin (IL) 17, and neurons like nociceptors can in turn regulate the activity of γδ T cells. Moreover, γδ T cells are involved in neuroinflammation such as stroke and multiple sclerosis. This review illustrates the relationship between γδ T cells and nervous systems in physiological and pathological conditions.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of the Adipocyte-Derived Hormone, Leptin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reji Manjunathan ◽  
Dharanibalan Kasiviswanathan ◽  
Jayaraman Selvaraj
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Organ Development ◽  
Angiogenic Growth Factor ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Pathological Conditions

The adipocyte derived hormone leptin is known for its pivotal role in the regulation of a variety of physiological functions mainly associated with metabolism and energy homeostasis. One of the major functions of leptin is pertain with its angiogenic induction in support of organ development as well as under pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis and cancer. Leptin is a well-known pro-angiogenic growth factor which exerts its role through Ob-R receptor present on endothelial cells. The therapeutic application of leptin is based on its potential to maintain various functions at pathological conditions. In this book chapter, the multi-diversity potentials of leptin are discussed in detail.

Experimental and Theoretical Study of Bovine Aorta and its Elastin

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zou ◽  
Katherine Yanhang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Biaxial Loading ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Blood vessels are complex organs with hierarchical ultrastructures. Different kinds of structural supporting fibers, such as collagen and elastin fibers, are cross-linked in a three-dimensional manner to provide stiffness of the tissue. Elastin networks endow blood vessels critical mechanical properties, and are essential to accommodate deformations encountered during physiological functions. Many Pathological conditions involve significant changes in elastin. Therefore it is important to fully characterize and understand the mechanical properties of aorta and its elastin networks. Here we studied, both experimentally and theoretically, the mechanical responses of bovine aorta and its elastin under biaxial loading.

Changes in the Mechanical Properties of Arterial Elastin With Cholesterol Effect

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung Jin Sun ◽  
Yunjie Wang ◽  
Katherine Yanhang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Hydrophobic Protein ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Hydrophobic Ligands

Elastin is a protein in the extracellular matrix that provides critical mechanical properties of elasticity and extensibility to many connective tissues, including arteries. Such properties of elastin allow arteries to accommodate deformations encountered during physiological functions. Elastin is subjected to changes in mechanical properties upon exposure to various chemical environments. Elastin is a hydrophobic protein, which makes it an attractive site for the deposition of hydrophobic ligands such as cholesterol [1]. Cholesterol is a type of lipid that gradually builds up along arterial wall with aging and pathological conditions.

Insight into the roles of hepatoma derived growth factor related protein-3 under physiological and pathological conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-712
Author(s):  
Heba M. Eltahir
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Mitogenic Activity ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Mitogenic Factor ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Insight Into

Hepatoma derived growth factor related protein-3 (HRP-3) is a HDGF growth factor family member that is expressed mainly in nervous tissues. It shares structural similarities with HDGF but differs in its expression and scope of action. It has recently attracted more attention due to its variable roles. HRP-3 was originally reported as a mitogenic factor. However, over the last decade, additional functions for this growth factor have been uncovered. In addition to its mitogenic activity, other physiological functions were discovered including those related to proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance of neurons, presenting it as a neurotrophic and neuroprotective growth factor. Interestingly, HRP-3 was also shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of certain tumors via its mitogenic, angiogenic, and antiapoptotic effects. Based on this, HRP-3 represents a molecule that can be targeted for the treatment of cancer and various neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals The implications of winter milk premiums for sustainable profitability of dairy systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
T.L. Chikazhe ◽  
K.A. Mashlan ◽  
P.C. Beukes ◽  
C.B. Glassey ◽  
J. Haultain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Modelling ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Growth Profile ◽  
Growth Profiles ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Value Add ◽  
Individual Farm ◽  
Farm System ◽  
Careful Assessment

Abstract Matching seasonal pasture growth to cow demand has been the key to New Zealand's ability to produce milk competitively. However, driven by the need to process milk all year for value-add products like UHT milk, Fonterra has increased the incentive for producing milk in the winter. This has some farmers questioning their spring calving approach and considering calving outside spring to increase profitability of their system using the winter milk premium. In an attempt to answer farmer's questions, modelling was done using OVERSEER® for the environmental footprint and Farmax Dairy for the economic impact of changing the calving season. The objective of the modelling was to highlight key factors that need careful assessment for individual farm situations before deciding to change calving season. Whole farm system modelling was done for Ruakura and Pukekohe pasture growth profiles in the Waikato, and Te Hana and Maungatoroto growth profiles in Northland to consider the implications from both a profitability and environmental perspective. In the four districts modelled results suggest the key drivers for autumn calving profitability are: seasonal pasture growth profile, soil type, winter milk premium and cost of infrastructure/equipment upgrade. Regions with pasture growth profiles that remain profitable after changing from spring to autumn without the winter milk premium are the most ideal, as there is no guarantee the premium will stay at the current level. Keywords: modelling, winter milk premium, pasture growth profile, profitability, nitrogen leaching

Morphological and elemental analysis of isolated incubated frog retina-choroid

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
B. J. Panessa-Warren ◽  
J. B. Warren ◽  
H. W. Kraner
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Human Retina ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Frog Retina ◽  
Isolated Retina ◽  
Vertebrate Eye ◽  
Retina Pigment Epithelium

Our previous studies have demonstrated that abnormally high amounts of calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) can be accumulated in human retina-choroid under pathological conditions and that barium (Ba), which was not detected in the eyes of healthy individuals, is deposited in the retina pigment epithelium (RPE), and to a lesser extent in the sensory retina and iris. In an attempt to understand how these cations can be accumulated in the vertebrate eye, a morphological and microanalytical study of the uptake and loss of specific cations (K, Ca,Ba,Zn) was undertaken with incubated Rana catesbiana isolated retina and RPE preparations. Large frogs (650-800 gms) were dark adapted, guillotined and their eyes enucleated in deep ruby light. The eyes were hemisected behind the ora serrata and the anterior portion of the eye removed. The eyecup was bisected along the plane of the optic disc and the two segments of retina peeled away from the RPE and incubated.

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