scholarly journals Influences of study design on the effectiveness of consensus messaging: The case of medicinal cannabis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260342
Author(s):  
Asheley R. Landrum ◽  
Brady Davis ◽  
Joanna Huxster ◽  
Heather Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Perceived Efficacy ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Control Message ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Medicinal Cannabis

This study examines to what extent study design decisions influence the perceived efficacy of consensus messaging, using medicinal cannabis as the context. We find that researchers’ decisions about study design matter. A modified Solomon Group Design was used in which participants were either assigned to a group that had a pretest (within-subjects design) or a posttest only group (between-subjects design). Furthermore, participants were exposed to one of three messages—one of two consensus messages or a control message—attributed to the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. A consensus message describing a percent (97%) of agreeing scientists was more effective at shifting public attitudes than a consensus message citing substantial evidence, but this was only true in the between-subject comparisons. Participants tested before and after exposure to a message demonstrated pre-sensitization effects that undermined the goals of the messages. Our results identify these nuances to the effectiveness of scientific consensus messaging, while serving to reinforce the importance of study design.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AROMATHERAPY AS COMPLEMENTARY THERAPY OF INSOMNIA IN STUDENTS OF FINAL SEMESTER IN POLTEKKES KEMENKES TASIKMALAYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Nuri - Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Complementary Therapies ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Single Group ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Insomnia is difficulty starting and maintaining sleep. People who experience insomnia have less quality and quantity of sleep so people with insomnia feel not fresh and still sleepy after woke up. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of the incidence of insomnia and the effectiveness of giving aromatherapy as one of the complementary therapies of insomnia in the final year students at the Poltekkes of the Ministry of Health Tasikmalaya.The pre-experimental with the study design Single Group Design using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) instrument. The purposive sampling technique used in this study and 139 respondents involved.The results of the study showed that respondents who experienced insomnia were 79.14% with various categories from mild to severe insomnia. The effectiveness of the aromatherapy shows the value of p <0.005, which means there is a significant difference between before and after giving aromatherapy to respondents.

INTERVENSI PELATIHAN PENILAIAN KINERJA PADA ATASAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT & EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Holy Greata
Keyword(s):  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Perceived Organizational Support ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Utrecht Work Engagement Scale ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Before And After Study

This study aims to look at the effectiveness of performance appraisal training programs to improve perceived organizational support and employee engagement among employees at YPTK educational institutions. This research uses a quantitative approach, with the before-and-after study design research design. The strength of this program is the ability to measure the impact of an intervention. Measuring devices perceived organizational support is an adaptation of the survey of perceived organizational support, while measuring instruments employee engagement is an adaptation of the Utrecht work engagement scale. The results of this study indicate the influence of perceived organizational support on employee engagement of 0.168 (p = 0.016 significant at l.o.s 0.05). Paired sample t-test results showed significant differences in perceived organizational support and employee engagement scores before and after the training and outreach of performance appraisal. Keywords: Perceived Organizational Suppor; Employee Engagement, Performance assessment   Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat efektifitas program pelatihan penilaian kinerja untuk meningkatkan perceived organizational support dan employee engagement pada karyawan di lembaga pendidikan YPTK. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan design penelitian the before-and-after study design. Kelebihan dari program ini adalah kemampuan untuk mengukur dampak dari sebuah intervensi. Alat ukur perceived organizational support merupakan adaptasi dari survey of perceived organizational support, sedangkan alat ukur employee engagement merupakan adaptasi dari Utrecht work engagement scale. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh perceived organizational support terhadap employee engagement sebesar 0.168 (p=0.016 signifikan pada l.o.s 0.05). Hasil uji paired sample t-test menunjukkan adanya perbedaan skor perceived organizational support dan employee engagement yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan pelatihan dan sosialisasi penilaian kinerja.   Kata Kunci: Perceived Organizational Suppor; Employee Engagement, Penilaian Kinerja.

THE POSSIBILITY OF LINKING SPONTANEOUS AND INDUCED NEUROCOGNITIVE PLASTICITY: CAN COGNITIVE TRAINING INFLUENCE COMPENSATORY BRAIN ACTIVITY IN OLDER ADULTS? THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL PREMISES

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-523
Author(s):  
Ludmiła Zając-Lamparska
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Theory Of Aging

One of the most important determinants of successful aging is cognitive ability. Although cognitive decline is a well-documented phenomenon characteristic of aging, it is acknowledged that aging can also be related to cognitive neuroplasticity that allows one to compensate the decline and adapt to it. Cognitive neuroplasticity may be spontaneous or induced by external influences. An example of the former is compensatory brain activity in older adults, and the latter – improvement in cognitive functioning under the influence of cognitive training. Both the compensatory brain activity of older adults and the effectiveness of cognitive training in this age group have already been extensively studied. However, it has not yet been examined whether they can be linked. The article indicates theoretical and empirical premises for the possibility of influencing compensatory brain activity in older adults by cognitive training. In the most comprehensive way the phenomenon of compensatory brain activity in older adults is addressed by the STAC model – the Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition, which also provides the theoretical grounds for the possible impact of cognitive training on compensatory brain activity. There are also empirical arguments in favour of such an impact, but they are quite limited in nature. The reason for this is the lack of research directly addressing the problem of the consistency of brain activity changes resulting from cognitive training with the assumptions of compensatory brain activity models, such as STAC. The theoretical grounds for the linkage of compensatory brain activity in older adults with the influence of cognitive training are clear. However, the analysis of the studies discussed in the article suggests that failing to embed the study design within the theoretical framework of compensatory brain activity in older adults may lead to the exclusion of factors important in drawing conclusions about this phenomenon. The following elements of the study design were identified as necessary to include: participation of young adults in the study as a reference group, usage of tasks in different difficulty levels during the measurement of brain activity and consideration of the relation between brain activity and cognitive performance, and comparison of brain activity in relation to cognitive performance before and after training in both, older and young adults.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Tindakan Massage Counterpressure dan Pemberian Dark Chocolate terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Haid (Dismenorea)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-291
Author(s):  
Rindang Fitriana Ulfa ◽  
Agus Suwandono ◽  
Kamilah Budhi
Keyword(s):  
Pain Medication ◽  
Dark Chocolate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Menstrual Pain ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
A Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Massage Group ◽  
Quasi Experimental

The purpose of this study was to see the comparison between the administration of Massage Counterpressure and the provision of dark chocolate to reduce menstrual pain (dysmenorrhoea). The design uses a quasi-experimental design with two groups of pretest and posttest with control group design. The results showed that in the dark chocolate and anti-pain medication group, massage counterressure and anti-pain medicine obtained ρ value of 0,000. there are significant differences before and after the administration of action. The results of the man whitney test found that there were differences between the 2 groups with a value of ρ value of 0,000. Conclusion, there is a difference of influence between the dark chocolate group and the counterpressure massage group on the intensity of menstrual pain. Giving 100 grams of dark chocolate for 2 days and anti-pain medication is more effective than a 20-minute counterpressure massage for 2 days and anti-pain medication for menstrual pain intensity.   Keywords: Dark Chocolate, Massage counterprssure, Menstrual pain

scholarly journals Pengaruh Media Permainan Monopoli terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa dalam Pembelajaran IPS Gugus 15 Kota Bengkulu

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
Yela Purnama Sari ◽  
Herman Lusa ◽  
Ansyori Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Test Sheet ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Science Major ◽  
Experimental Group

This study aimed to find the effect of using monopoli game media towards learning result on social science major at fourth grade of SDN Gugus 15 Kota Bengkulu. This research is quantitative, using experiment method, with The Matching Only Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The instrument used was test sheet in multiple choice form. The test was taken two times, before and after giving treatening to the sample class. The sample in this research was the students in IVB of SDN 76 Kota Bengkulu (control group) and the students in IV of SDN 104 Kota Bengkulu (experimental group). The t value gotten was (3,668) > ttable (1,668). The result of t value was higher than t table, so it can be concluded that there are significant effect of using monopoli game media towards learning result on social science major at fourth grade SDN Gugus 15 Kota Bengkulu.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN MODEL LEARNING CYCLE ENGAGEMENT EXPLORATION EXPLANATION ELABORATION DAN EVALUATION DISERTAI MIND MAPPING

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Syamilah Meidiyanti ◽  
Eka Damayanti ◽  
St Syamsudduha ◽  
Jamilah Jamilah
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
T Test ◽  
Learning Cycle ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Model Learning ◽  
Mind Mapping ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Before And After

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kreatif sebelum dengan setelah penggunaan model pembelajaran learning cycle engagement, exploration, evaluation, elaboration, dan evaluation (5E) disertai mind mapping pada peserta didik di SMAN 8 Bulukumba; (2) apakah ada pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran learning cycle engagement, exploration, evaluation, elaboration, dan evaluation (5E) disertai mind mapping terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif pada peserta didik di SMAN 8 Bulukumba. Jenis penelitian penelitian quasi eksperimen, dengan pretest posttes group design. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan lembar observasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Data diolah menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan inferensial paired sample t-test. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan rata-rata skor kemampuan berpikir kreatif sesudah perlakuan lebih tinggi dibanding rata-rata skor kemampuan berpikir kreatif sebelum perlakuan. Hasil analisis inferensial menunjukkan p sebesar 0,000, hal ini berarti terdapat perbedaan skor kemampuan berpikir kreatif sebelum dan setelah diberikan perlakuan. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kreatif peserta didik dapat ditingkatkan melalui pembelajaran model learning cycle 5E disertai mind mapping.Abstract. This research aims to understand: (1) The differences in creative thinking abilities of the students of SMAN 8 Bulukumba before and after using learning model of cycle engagement, exploration, evaluation, elaboration, and evaluation (5E) with mind mapping, (2) The effect of learning model of cycle engagement, exploration, evaluation, elaboration, and evaluation (5E) with mind mapping implementation towards students’ creative thinking abilities. This quasi experiment research done with pretest posttest group design. The Instruments used were creative thinking tests and learning implementation form. Data was analyzed descriptively and inferentially to paired sample t-test. Based on descriptive analysis, it showed the average score of creative thinking abilities of students after using the learning model was higher than the score before using the learning model. The inferential analysis showed the P value was 0,000 means there is a difference in score of creative thinking abilities before and after the implementation of the learning model. It can be concluded that the learning model of 5E with mind mapping might improve students’ creative thinking abilities.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Web Cek Riska sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Ibu Mendeteksi Dini Risiko Tinggi Kehamilan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-221
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Putu Martini ◽  
Irna Nursanti ◽  
Giri Widakdo
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Web Application ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Risk Pregnancy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
In Pregnancy

This study aimed to determine the effect of the risk checks web application on the knowledge of mothers to detect high risk early in pregnancy. The research design used in this study was a quasi-experimental design with one group design without control. The results showed that the mean difference before and after the intervention was 13.00, with a p-value of 0.000. In conclusion, the risk check web application can increase mothers' knowledge to detect high risk early in pregnancy.   Keywords: Web Application, High-Risk Pregnancy

scholarly journals Effect of Relaxation Guided Imagery on Premenstrual Syndrome in Adolescent

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Hanna Sriyanti Saragih ◽  
Hotma Sauhur Hutagaol
Keyword(s):  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Guided Imagery ◽  
Relaxation Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Relaxation Therapy ◽  
Menstrual Pain ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Painful Feeling

Menstruation is a periodical bleeding according to its cycle. Menstrual pain is a painful feeling during menstruation at the lower region that accompanying menstruation, before, or after menstruation. Guided Imagery relaxation is a common method which is the utmost method especially for patients experiencing pain. Therefore a study to examine the effect of relaxation therapy in relieving pain is required. This study was to examine the discrepancy of menstrual pain level before and after guided imagery relaxation performed. This quasi experiment with pre and posttest control group design was to investigate the effect of a guided imagery relaxation therapy on the menstrual pain. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test with significant threshold set to 0.05. Results indicated that the experiment group experienced menstrual pain score mean 2.6 � 0.5, while in the control group 4.6 � 0.6. It concluded that guided imagery relaxation effect on menstrual pain.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Digital Risalah Ilmu Tajwid dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Baca Alquran

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-157
Author(s):  
Khairul Khairul ◽  
Muhammad Haramain
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Text Book ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

This article discusses the using of risalah of tajwid digital apps in increasing the students of SMA Negeri 4 Pinrang abilities in reading al-Qur’an. The using of risalah of tajwid digital apps was by optimazing the technology of computer that running by risalah of tajwid digital apps, that able to create the learning environment to prepare the options that can stimulated the students to use the potential cognitive. The objectives of this research was to get the empirical data about the students’ ability in reading Alquran before and after taught by using risalah digital of tajwid science and to get the empirical data about students’ ability in reading Alquran before and after using text book as well as to get the information about the difference in students’ level of ability in reading Alquran at the experiment class and the control class. The research design is used nonequivalent control group design, it means that in this design the experiment class nor the control class was not selected randomly.The research results are: (1) The level of students’ ability in reading Alquran in the experiment class before the treatment was classified in poor category, however, after given the treatment it was in good category. (2) The level of students’ ability in reading Alquran in the control class before the treatment was in poor category, however, after given the treatment it was in good category. (3) There are difference of students’ level ability in reading Alquran in the experiment class and the control class.

scholarly journals Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Hasanuddin University Dentist Makassar, Indonesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilyas ◽  
Clarissa Phielip
Keyword(s):  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Caries Prevention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Community Dentistry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Streptococcus A

The main objective of caries prevention programs in the community is to reduce the number of colonies of cariogenicbacteria, especially Streptococcus. A method of caries preventionthat is currently developed is a method using probioticsthrough yogurt. This research is a laboratory based experiment using the cross over with control group design. Fifteensamples were collected randomly from a population of preclinical dentistry students of Hasanuddin University fromentry year 2008 until 2010. The results showed a significant difference between before and after drinking yogurt wherethe number of colonies of cariogenic bacteria in saliva reduced (p<0.05)and there is also a significant differencebetween the temperature of the yogurt in reducing the average number of cariogenic bacteria in the saliva after six andnine days yogurt consumption (p<0.05). In addition, there is a significant difference pH of saliva between before andafter drinking yoghurt (p <0.05). It is concluded that drinking yogurt reducts colony of cariogenic bacteria in youngadult saliva

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