scholarly journals A specific structure and high richness characterize intestinal microbiota of HIV-exposed seronegative individuals

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260729
Author(s):  
Tulio J. Lopera ◽  
Jorge A. Lujan ◽  
Eduardo Zurek ◽  
Wildeman Zapata ◽  
Juan C. Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Immune Regulation ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Immune Alterations ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Mucosal Homeostasis ◽  
Hiv Exposed

Intestinal microbiota facilitates food breakdown for energy metabolism and influences the immune response, maintaining mucosal homeostasis. Overall, HIV infection is associated with intestinal dysbiosis and immune activation, which has been related to seroconversion in HIV-exposed individuals. However, it is unclear whether microbiota dysbiosis is the cause or the effect of immune alterations and disease progression or if it could modulate the risk of acquiring the HIV infection. We characterize the intestinal microbiota and determine its association with immune regulation in HIV-exposed seronegative individuals (HESN), HIV-infected progressors (HIV+), and healthy control (HC) subjects. For this, feces and blood were collected. The microbiota composition of HESN showed a significantly higher alpha (p = 0.040) and beta diversity (p = 0.006) compared to HC, but no differences were found compared to HIV+. A lower Treg percentage was observed in HESN (1.77%) than HC (2.98%) and HIV+ (4.02%), with enrichment of the genus Butyrivibrio (p = 0.029) being characteristic of this profile. Moreover, we found that Megasphaera (p = 0.017) and Victivallis (p = 0.0029) also are enriched in the microbiota composition in HESN compared to HC and HIV+ subjects. Interestingly, an increase in Succinivibrio and Prevotella, and a reduction in Bacteroides genus, which is typical of HIV-infected individuals, were observed in both HESN and HIV+, compared to HC. Thus, HESNs have a microbiota profile, similar to that observed in HIV+, most likely because HESN are cohabiting with their HIV+ partners.

scholarly journals The Effect of Dietary Mushroom Agaricus bisporus on Intestinal Microbiota Composition and Host Immunological Function

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Solano-Aguilar ◽  
Saebyeol Jang ◽  
Sukla Lakshman ◽  
Richi Gupta ◽  
Ethiopia Beshah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
And Function

A study was designed to determine the potential prebiotic effect of dietary mushrooms on the host immune response, and intestinal microbiota composition and function. Thirty-one six-week-old pigs were fed a pig grower diet alone or supplemented with either three or six servings of freeze-dried white button (WB)-mushrooms for six weeks. Host immune response was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and alveolar macrophages (AM) after stimulation with Salmonella typhymurium-Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Isolated DNA from fecal and proximal colon contents were used for 16S rDNA taxonomic analysis and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) to determine bacterial abundance and metabolic function. Pigs gained weight with no difference in body composition or intestinal permeability. Feeding mushrooms reduced LPS-induced IL-1β gene expression in AM (P < 0.05) with no change in LPS-stimulated PBMC or the intestinal mucosa transcriptome. LEfSe indicated increases in Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae within the order Clostridiales with a shift in bacterial carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in the mushroom-fed pigs. These results suggested that feeding WB mushrooms significantly reduced the LPS-induced inflammatory response in AM and positively modulated the host microbiota metabolism by increasing the abundance of Clostridiales taxa that are associated with improved intestinal health.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Blastocystis and its Association with Intestinal Dysbiosis in Clinically Healthy and Metabolically Ill Subjects.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Muñoz-Yañez ◽  
Alejandra Méndez-Hernández ◽  
Alondra Martínez-Sandoval ◽  
María Aurora Maravilla-Domínguez ◽  
Soraya Amalí Zavaleta-Muñiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Prevalent Subtype ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background: Blastocystis is a typical anaerobic colon protist in humans with controversial pathogenicity and has relation with alterations in the intestinal microbiota composition (dysbiosis), whose indicator is the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio); this indicator is also linked to complications such as diabetes, obesity, or inflammatory bowel disease. The present study investigated the prevalence of Blastocystis and its association with intestinal dysbiosis in healthy and metabolic diseased subjects.Methods: Fecal and blood samples were collected consecutively from 200 healthy subjects, and 84 with diseased metabolic subjects; Blastocystis and its most frequent subtypes were identified by end-point PCR and the two most representative phyla of the intestinal microbiota Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes by real-time PCR.Results: The prevalence of Blastocystis in healthy subjects was 47.0%, and 65.48 % in subjects with metabolic disease; the most prevalent subtype in the total population was ST3 (28.38 %), followed by ST1 (14.86 %), ST4, ST5, and ST7 (each one of them with 14.19 % respectively), and finally ST2 (8.78 %). The low F/B ratio that characterizes intestinal dysbiosis was associated with the prevalence of Blastocystis in the two cohorts FACSA (OR = 3.78 P <0.05) and UNEME (OR = 4.29 p <0.05). Regarding the subtype level, an association between the FACSA cohort ST1 and ST7 with intestinal dysbiosis was found (OR = 3.99 and 5.44 p <0.05, respectively).Conclusions: The predatory role of Blastocystis over Firmicutes phylum is evident in both cohorts since it was observed that the abundance of the beneficial bacterial group's Bacteroidetes increases in the groups colonized by this eukaryote and, therefore, may have a beneficial effect.

scholarly journals Dried Blood Specimens as an Alternative Specimen for Immune Response Monitoring During HIV Infection: A Proof of Concept and Simple Method in a Pediatric Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Rubio-Garrido ◽  
José Avendaño-Ortiz ◽  
Adolphe Ndarabu ◽  
Carolina Rubio ◽  
Gabriel Reina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Response Monitoring ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Immune Biomarkers ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
Hiv Exposed

Programs to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission do not reduce the number of infants exposed during pregnancy and breastfeeding. HIV-exposed but uninfected children (HEU) present higher risk of morbidity and mortality than HIV-unexposed and uninfected children (UU). In this line, the study of immune biomarkers in HIV could improve prediction of disease progression, allowing to diminish comorbidity risk. Dried blood specimens (DBS) are an alternative to serum for collecting and transporting samples in countries with limited infrastructure and especially interesting for groups such as pediatrics, where obtaining a high sample volume is challenging. This study explores the usefulness of DBS for immune profile monitoring in samples from 30 children under clinical follow-up in Kinshasa: 10 HIV-infected (HIV+), 10 HEU, and 10 UU. We have measured the gene expression levels of 12 immune and inflammatory markers (CD14, IL-6, TNFα, HVEM, B7.1, HIF-1α, Siglec-10, IRAK-M, CD163, B7H5, PD-L1, and Galectin-9) in DBS samples by reverse transcription of total RNA and RT-qPCR. Principal component analysis, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Mann–Whitney test were performed in order to study group differences. HIV+ children presented significantly higher levels of seven biomarkers (CD14, IL-6 HVEM, B7.1, Siglec-10, HIF-1α, and CD163) than the UU group. In HEU, we found seven biomarkers significantly elevated (CD14, IL-6, HVEM, B7.1, Siglec-10, HIF-1α, and IRAK-M) vs. UU. Six biomarkers (CD14, IL-6, HVEM, B7.1, Siglec-10, and HIF-1α) showed a significantly higher expression in both HIV+ and HEU vs. UU, with HVEM and CD14 being significantly overexpressed among HIV+ vs. HEU. Our data reveal the utility of DBS for immune response monitoring. Moreover, significant differences in specific biomarker expression across groups strongly suggest the effect of HIV infection and/or HIV exposure on these immune biomarkers' expressions.

scholarly journals Role of Microbiota and Innate Immunity in RecurrentClostridium difficileInfection

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bibbò ◽  
Loris Riccardo Lopetuso ◽  
Gianluca Ianiro ◽  
Teresa Di Rienzo ◽  
Antonio Gasbarrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Recurrent Infection ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Clinical Issue ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis

RecurrentClostridium difficileinfection represents a burdensome clinical issue whose epidemiology is increasing worldwide. The pathogenesis is not yet completely known. Recent observations suggest that the alteration of the intestinal microbiota and impaired innate immunity may play a leading role in the development of recurrent infection. Various factors can cause dysbiosis. The causes most involved in the process are antibiotics, NSAIDs, acid suppressing therapies, and age. Gut microbiota impairment can favorClostridium difficileinfection through several mechanisms, such as the alteration of fermentative metabolism (especially SCFAs), the alteration of bile acid metabolism, and the imbalance of antimicrobial substances production. These factors alter the intestinal homeostasis promoting the development of an ecological niche forClostridium difficileand of the modulation of immune response. Moreover, the intestinal dysbiosis can promote a proinflammatory environment, whereasClostridium difficileitself modulates the innate immunity through both toxin-dependent and toxin-independent mechanisms. In this narrative review, we discuss how the intestinal microbiota modifications and the modulation of innate immune response can lead to and exacerbateClostridium difficileinfection.

scholarly journals A distinct gut microbiota composition in patients with ankylosing spondylitis is associated with increased levels of fecal calprotectin

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Klingberg ◽  
Maria K. Magnusson ◽  
Hans Strid ◽  
Anna Deminger ◽  
Arne Ståhl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Lower Abundance ◽  
Healthy Control

Abstract Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) shares many characteristics with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Intestinal microbiota most likely plays an important role in the development of IBDs and may also be involved in the pathogenesis of AS. We aimed to define and compare the fecal microbiota composition in patients with AS, ulcerative colitis (UC), and healthy controls (HC) and to determine relationships between fecal microbiota, fecal calprotectin, and disease-related variables in AS. Methods Fecal microbiota composition was assessed with GA-map™ Dysbiosis Test (Genetic Analysis, Oslo, Norway), which also reports the degree of deviation of the microbiota composition compared with a healthy control population, a Dysbiosis Index (DI) score 1–5. The AS patients were assessed with questionnaires, back mobility tests, fecal calprotectin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results Totally, 150 patients with AS (55% men, median age 55.5 years, median BASDAI 3.2), 18 patients with UC (56% men, median age 30.5 years), and 17 HC (65% men, median age 22 years) were included. Principal component analysis showed highly separate clustering of fecal microbiota from the patients with AS, UC, and HC. Compared with HC, fecal microbiota in AS was characterized by a higher abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacilli, Streptococcus species, and Actinobacteria, but lower abundance of Bacteroides and Lachnospiraceae. Further, fecal microbiota composition differed between patients with normal (≤ 50 mg/kg, n = 57) and increased (≥ 200 mg/kg, n = 36) fecal calprotectin. Patients with increased fecal calprotectin had lower abundance of bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Clostridium and higher abundance of the genus Streptococcus. No association was found between the fecal microbiota composition and HLAB27 status, disease activity, function, or medication. Dysbiosis (defined as DI ≥ 3) was found in 87% of AS patients. Conclusions Patients with AS have a distinct fecal microbiota signature, which is linked to fecal calprotectin levels, a marker of intestinal inflammation, but not to other clinical parameters. These findings suggest a local interplay between intestinal microbiota and gut inflammation in AS. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00858819. Registered March 9, 2009.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota composition and arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity: case–control study protocol (MIVAS study)

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e038933
Author(s):  
Rita Salvado ◽  
Sandra Santos-Minguez ◽  
Cristina Agudo-Conde ◽  
Cristina Lugones-Sanchez ◽  
Angela Cabo-Laso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Control Study

IntroductionIntestinal microbiota is arising as a new element in the physiopathology of cardiovascular diseases. A healthy microbiota includes a balanced representation of bacteria with health promotion functions (symbiotes). The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between intestinal microbiota composition and arterial stiffness.Methods and analysisAn observational case—control study will be developed. Cases will be defined by the presence of at least one of the following: carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI), brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (ba or ba-PWV) above the 90th percentile, for age and sex, of the reference population. Controls will be selected from the same population as cases. The study will be developed in Primary Healthcare Centres. We will select 500 subjects (250 cases and 250 controls), between 45 and 74 years of age. Cases will be selected from a database that combines data from EVA study (Spain) and Guimarães/Vizela study (Portugal). Measurements: cf-PWV will be measured using the SphygmoCor system, CAVI, ba-PWV and Ankle-Brachial Index will be determined using VaSera device. Gut microbiome composition in faecal samples will be determined by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Lifestyle will be assessed by food frequency questionnaire, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire). Body composition will be evaluated by bioimpedance.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by ‘Committee of ethics of research with medicines of the health area of Salamanca’ on 14 December 2018 (cod. 2018-11-136) and the ’Ethics committee for health of Guimaraes’ (Portugal) on 15 October 2019 (ref: 67/2019). All study participants will sign an informed consent form agreeing to participate in the study, in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the WHO standards for observational studies. The results of this study will allow a better description of gut microbiota in patients with arterial stiffness.Trial registration detailsClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03900338

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document