scholarly journals Early Evidence of Producing Economy in the Hissar Culture: An Overview of Research Concepts

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-143
Author(s):  
Markovsky G. ◽  
◽  
Alisher kyzy S. ◽  
Shnaider S. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Hunting And Gathering ◽  
Fertile Crescent

The transition to farming is a revolutionary step in human history. Domesticated species of cereals and small ruminants which spread from the territory of the countries of the Fertile Crescent appear in Central Asia during the early Neolithic period (the 6th — 5th millennium BC). In the middle of the 20th century several Neolithic cultures prominent for the Central-Asian region were defined: Jeitun, Kelteminar and Hissar. This publication is devoted to the consideration of the Hissar culture and the existing reconstructions of its economic structure. The Gissar culture is widespread on the territory of the Gissar-Alai and dates from the 6th to the 2nd millennium BC. Since the late 1950s the researchers tried to determine the type of economy of the carriers of the Hissar culture: the early stage of agriculture and cattle breeding; hunting and gathering; nomadic cattle breeding. This article examines the main arguments “for” and “against” the existence of a productive economy in the Hissar culture, namely, cattle breeding. Based on a number of signs, such as the presence of long-term and short-term camps, a large number of bones of small ruminants, the availability of year-round pastures at the site, the absence of hunting tools in the toolkit, the team of authors agrees with the point of view of V. A. Ranova and G. F. Korobkova about the use of early cattle breeding by the Hissar people. However, this hypothesis requires additional elaboration using bioarchaeological research methods. Keywords: Central Asia, Hissaro-Alay, Hissar, Neolithic, pastopalism Acknowledgements: The analysis of the general problems was carried out with the support of the project of the Russian Science Foundation No. 19–78–10053 “Origin of the Industrial Economy in the Mountainous Part of Central Asia”, the analysis of materials from the Hissar culture was carried out within the framework of the research program No. 0329–2019–0002 “Ancient Cultural Processes in the Territory of Central Asia”.

scholarly journals Integration of Foreign Actors in the Central Asian Region: Influence on the National Security of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-225
Author(s):  
Nuradin U. Khanaliyev
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Ideological Influence ◽  
External Forces ◽  
External Actors

After the collapse of the USSR, permanent domestic political turbulence gave rise to political autocracy and political struggle with its characteristic technologies for influencing internal state processes. At the same time, the Central Asian states began to actively engage in global processes. At the same time, various countries of the East and West began to show interest in expanding their economic and geopolitical presence in the Central Asian region. At the same time, the ideological influence on the countries of Central Asia intensified. Various external forces, pursuing specific goals, seek to exert their influence on the internal processes of sovereign states, often contrary to the interests of the peoples of the Central Asian region. In this article, the author analyzes the influence of external actors on the internal processes of Central Asian states from the point of view of ensuring the national security of Russia.

Shanshar-Asarshyq arheologııalyq kesheninde júrgіzіlgen barlaý jumystarynyń nátıjelerі [The Results of Research Work in the Archaeological Complex Shanshar-Asarshyk]

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (117) ◽  
pp. 244-252
Author(s):  
M. Gýrsoı ◽  
◽  
K.M. Jetіbaev ◽  
B. Sızdıkov ◽  
M. Qoja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Sedentary Animal ◽  
Made In

The article discusses a new scientific concept made in the course of the excavation and the results of exploration at the archaeological complex of Shanshar-Asarshyk. It provides data on the existence of people during the Paleolithic and iron age and their occupation of sedentary animal husbandry and nomadic cattle breeding. The collected ceramics were analyzed from a macroscopic point of view and described. The found ceramic objects were compared with ceramic objects from other places and the corresponding conclusions were made. In addition, The Shanshar-Asarshyk settlement was compared with other cities in Central Asia and its architectural features and structure were revealed. With the help of the discovered material data, a predictive Dating of the monument was made. The article substantiates the necessity of conducting archeological excavations in the archaeological complex of Shanshar-Asarshyk. Мақалада Шаншар-Асаршық археологиялық кешенінде жүргізілген барлау нәтижелері мен қазба жұмыстары барысында жасалған жаңа ғылыми тұжырымдамалар сөз болады. Бұл жерде адамдардың палеолит және темір дәуірі кезінде өмір сүргені және отырықшы мал шаруашылығы мен көшпенді мал шаруашылығы кәсібімен айналысқандығы туралы деректер айтылады. Жиналған керамикалар макраскопиялық тұрғыдан сарапталып, талдау жүргізіліп, сипаттамасы жасалынды. Табылған керамикалық заттар басқа жердегі керамикалық заттармен салыстырылып, тұжырымдамалар жасалынды. Сонымен қатар Шаншар-Асаршық қалажұрты Орта Азиядағы басқа қалалармен салыстырылып, архитектуралық ерекшелігі мен құрылымы айқындалды. Табылған заттай деректер арқылы ескерткіштің болжамды мерзімдемесі жасалынды. Мақалада Шаншар-Асаршық археологиялық кешенінде археологиялық қазба жұмыстарының жүргізілу қажеттіліктері айтылды.

scholarly journals European Union and Central Asia: new trends of cooperation in current circumstances

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Assima AUBAKIR ◽  
Tuleutay SULEIMENOV
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Central Asian Countries

Determination of clear contours of European policy for Central Asia, which could satisfy the interests of both the European Union and the countries of the region, took quite a long time, and is still at the stage of forming common approaches to the implementation of mutually beneficial cooperation. The first program documents of the European Union in relation to Central Asia, called strategies, were to a greater extent only action plans aimed at maintaining its political and economic presence in the region. Meanwhile, the Central Asian countries are always interested in pragmatic interaction with the European Union on equal basis. In 2019, the European Union adopted a new Strategy for Central Asia, which replaced the previous 2007 document. According to European politicians, it marks a new stage in relations between the two regions with improved approaches to building interaction between them. The purpose of the article is to analyze new trends in relations between Central Asia and the European Union from the point of view of both participants of this process and the evolution of the relevant EU policy documents.

scholarly journals CENTRAL ASIA IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS.

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
N. Nyshanbayev
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
State Institution ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Geopolitical Region ◽  
Common Interests

The Central Asia as geopolitical region is in the system of international relations located at the crossroads of civilizations. As the concept of "Central Asia" is not fully and systematically studied in the scientific literature yet, there are conflicting discourses in the scientific community. From this point of view, the scientific analysis of the concept of "Central Asia" in the modern system of international relations is very important. In recent years, the Central Asian region (according to the concept of five states "Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan") has become not only a region of common interests of the international community, but also of growing geopolitical importance. In our opinion, it depends on two main reasons. First, the region has a strong natural material base and a strategic location. Secondly, it is a continuation of the fact that the emerging state institution in Central Asia is rapidly adapting to the realities of the new millennium and successfully integrating into world politics and economics.

From the history of mutual cooperation of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the states of Central Asia (1991-2000)

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Ganiy Karassayev ◽  
Kanat Yensenov ◽  
Bekmurat Naimanbayev ◽  
Zhanat Bakirova ◽  
Faiina Kabdrakhmanova
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of

This research article deals with the accepted and implemented agreements of the Central Asian states after after the fall of the Soviet Union: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan in the field of political and economic cooperation, defense, cultural, social and humanitarian spheres. The relations of the Central Asian states are the object of this research and are considered as a political and historical aspect. These Central Asian states have their own history of development, which was formed in the post-Soviet period. Therefore, scientific literature and archival documents were brought to scientific analysis in order to study their initiatives and agreements on cooperation with each other at the international level from a scientific point of view in the field of historical science and consider them in the historical and political aspect. From the theory methodological point studying the political, economic, socio-cultural development of the states of Central Asia in the historical and political aspect, as well as in the system of international relations is one of the most important problems. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize and analyze scientific literature, archival data and information contained in the collection of documents related to this topic from a scientific point of view. As a result, mutual agreements, friendship and cooperation between the states of Central Asia, strategic partnership in the areas of development were also studied, and an analysis of their past and future was carried out

CENTRAL ASIA AS AN INTEGRATION PROJECT IN THE FACE OF UNCERTAINTY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
VALERY MIKHAYLENKO ◽  
◽  
RUSTAMI SUHROB
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
The Face ◽  
Regional Order ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Integration Project

Purpose of the study. The article examines the factors influencing the integration processes in Central Asia. The processes of substantiation, formation and institutionalization of Central Asia as a region are analyzed. A brief comparative analysis of the state of research in Russia and abroad of the processes of regional construction in Central Asia is given. To substantiate theoretical and methodological research tools, the authors turn to the theories of «old» and «new» regionalism, especially noting the heuristic potential of «non-Western» theories. The authors seek to justify the choice of integration models in the Central Asian region depending on the civilizational paradigm of regional actors. In this regard, the article analyzes the processes of the formation of the national identity of the Central Asian states. In connection with Kazakhstan's appeal to the Turkic origins of identity, the article draws attention to the foundations of the worldview in Turkish Islamic thought. The strengthening of China's role in infrastructure projects in the Central Asian states raises the question of the specifics of this state's global and regional policies. Russia relies on normative power in the region. The authors come to the conclusion that the main external and internal promoters of integration processes in Central Asia have different views on regionalism and different approaches to how the regional order should be organized. Conclusions. The authors share the point of view of A. Achariya, B. Buzan and J. Lawson that the global transformation of the system influences the formation of «non-Western» approaches to the theoretical substantiation of integration models and the practical design of integration projects. The experience of regional construction in Central Asia provides extensive empirical material for the theoretical understanding of «non-Western» regionalism and for politicians to take into account the specific features of regional construction and the implementation of integration projects.

scholarly journals The shamanistic universe of Central Asian nomads: wolves and she-wolves

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240
Author(s):  
Aktolkyn Kulsariyeva ◽  
Madina Sultanova ◽  
Zhanerke Shaigozova
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Central Characters

The article deals with the semantic nature of the images of a wolf and a she-wolf in the shamanistic natural philosophy of the nomadic Turkic-speaking population of Central Asia. The focus here is an archetypal image of a wolf and a she-wolf as ancestors, defenders and guardians of the Turks’ cultural code – one of the most powerful, large-scale and sustainable Eurasia cultures, united by common linguistic roots and mentality. The majority of studies of the semantics of zoomorphic characters in Central Asian cultures focus on a wolf, while a she-wolf’s image at most is in the sidelines, although it appears in almost all Turkic genealogical legends as one of the central characters. The authors are of the opinion that the study of natural philosophical underpinnings of images of a wolf and a she-wolf from the point of view of traditional shamanistic ritualism can expand the long-held beliefs about transformation and specificity of functioning of mental values in the cultural sphere of modern society.

scholarly journals Periodization and chronology of Caspian culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Natalia Sergeevna Doga
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Relationship Of

For a long time the issues of periodization and chronology of the Caspian culture remained controversial. Some researchers attributed the culture to the Neolithic period, while others - to the Eneolithic. The paper presents all the available views on the periodization of the Caspian culture. Its brief characteristic is given. The paper also considers criteria for the allocation of the Eneolithic era and provides arguments in favor of the Eneolithic nature of the Caspian culture. The author substantiates the fact that the producing economy of the Neolithic population was absent in the region while it was present in the Caspian culture. The following factors say that the culture belonged to the era of the Eneolithic: changes in the technique of processing stone tools, ornamentation of dishes; the presence of pets. The author considers the concept of the neo-Eneolithic period existence in the Lower Volga region and the possibility of attributing the Caspian culture to it. The author analyzes researchers point of view on the chronological relationship of the Caspian and the Khvalyn cultures; the conclusion is made about the chronological priority of the Caspian culture over the Khvalyn culture. All available radiocarbon values on materials of culture are presented and the author concludes that the Caspian culture represents an early stage of the Eneolithic of the Lower Volga region.

scholarly journals Features of Formation of the Tobolsk Bukharians Group in the 16th – 19th Centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-121
Author(s):  
Zaytuna A. Tychinskykh
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Status ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Asian People

Purpose. The article considers the process of formation of the Tobolsk Bukharians – one of the groups of immigrants from Central Asia, who lived in the Tobolsk area in the 17th – 19th centuries. Results. The process of formation of a separate group of Bukharians is traced in a historical retrospective over a long period. It is shown that a significant Central Asian component entered the Siberian-Tatar community at an early stage of its formation. The main components were the Central Asian Muslim clergy and military service nobility, who became part of the upper stratum of the Siberian-Tatar community and disappeared into it, further adding to the category of service Tatars. This process was considered based on the example of a representative of the clergy, a native of Urgench, Seyyid Din-Ali Khodja, and the Central Asian people of the Kulmametevs. The initial stage of the process of resettlement and settling of immigrants from Central Asia in the territory around Isker (in the Russian period – Tobolsk) refers at least to the period of the Siberian Khanate. The system of settlement of the Tobolsk Bukharians during the 17th – 19th centuries is considered, data on the dynamics of the group’s size in the period under consideration are presented. It is shown that the Siberian Bukharians, as an ethnosocial group, were formed in the 17th century, and the status of Bukharians in the Moscow period was an ethnosocial one. The main Central Asian territories, from where they arrived in Tobolsk in the 17th century, have been identified. Conclusion. The features of the group of Tobolsk Bukharians have been identified, which include: early penetration into Siberia, joining a significant number of Islamic clergy, including Seyyids, as well as military service nobility during the period of the Siberian Khanate; joint residence of the Tobolsk Bukharians with other groups of the Turkic-Tatar population.

Problems of military-political interaction between the countries of the West and Central Asia at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Boris G. Koybaev
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Military Bases ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
The West ◽  
Regional Environment ◽  
Western Influence ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Political Interaction ◽  
The Military

Central Asia in recent history is a vast region with five Muslim States-new actors in modern international relations. The countries of Central Asia, having become sovereign States, at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries are trying to peaceful interaction not only with their underdeveloped neighbors, but also with the far-off prosperous West. At the same time, the United States and Western European countries, in their centrosilic ambitions, seek to increase their military and political presence in Central Asia and use the military bases of the region’s States as a springboard for supplying their troops during anti-terrorist and other operations. With the active support of the West, the Central Asian States were accepted as members of the United Nations. For monitoring and exerting diplomatic influence on the regional environment, the administration of the President of the Russian Federation H. W. Bush established U.S. embassies in all Central Asian States. Turkey, a NATO member and secular Islamic state, was used as a lever of indirect Western influence over Central Asian governments, and its model of successful development was presented as an example to follow.

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