Risk factors associated with wasting among children aged 6 to 24 months old in Gaza strip

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maged Yassin ◽  
Mohanad Taha ◽  
Samar Abu Jamiea
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Complementary Food ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Organization

Wasting contributes to morbidity and mortality for children under 5 years of age particularly in the developing countries. This study identified the various risk factors associated with wasting among children aged 6 to 24 months old in Gaza Strip. The study sample consisted of 98 wasted children and 98 control children. A questionnaire interview was used. The World Health Organization Anthro software for assessing nutritional status of the world's children was applied. Data were computer analyzed using SPSS/PC statistical package version 21. Anthropometric data showed that birth weight was significantly lower in cases than controls (2.9±0.8 versus 3.1±0.6 kg, P=0.030). Weight and height were also significantly decreased in cases (P=0.000). Wasting was significantly higher among children of less educated mothers (χ2=8.110, P=0.044) and among children of less family income (OR=4.1, P=0.000). Children not received nutritional help or donation had more frequent wasting than those did (P=0.004). Wasting was significantly higher among non-exclusively breastfed children (OR=2.1, P=0.010) and among children who breastfed ≤12 months (P=0.021). Early introduction of complementary food increased wasting by 2.8 times (OR=2.8, P=0.001). Children with poor appetite had highest frequency of wasting (χ2=6.139, P=0.046). Wasting was significantly higher in respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infected children [OR=2.9, P=0.000 and OR=3.1, P=0.000, respectively). In conclusion, less income, not receive nutritional help or donation, non-exclusive breastfeeding and breastfeeding duration of ≤12 months, early start of complementary food and respiratory and gastrointestinal infections are the predicted risk factors of wasting among children in Gaza Strip.

scholarly journals Risk factors for and protective factors against breastfeeding interruption before 2 years: a birth cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciete Oliveira Vieira ◽  
Tatiana de Oliveira Vieira ◽  
Camilla da Cruz Martins ◽  
Michelle de Santana Xavier Ramos ◽  
Elsa Regina Justo Giugliani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Family Income ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
White Skin ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Little is known about the factors associated with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation of breastfeeding for at least 2 years. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for and protective factors against breastfeeding interruption before 2 years of age. Methods In this live birth cohort, mother and infant dyads were followed for 2 years. Data collection was performed at the maternity ward and subsequently at the children’s homes, monthly during the first 6 months of life and then at 9, 12, 18, and 24 months. The outcome of interest was breastfeeding interruption before 2 years of age. Median duration of breastfeeding was estimated using Kaplan-Meier’s survival analysis, and the associations were tested using Cox’s hierarchical multivariate model. Significance was set at 5%. Results Data from a total of 1344 dyads were assessed. Median breastfeeding duration was 385 days. The following risk factors for breastfeeding interruption were identified: white skin color (adjusted hazard ratio [HRa]: 1.31; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.10–1.56), primiparity (HRa: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.05–1.40), working outside the home (HRa: 1.52; 95%CI: 1.30–1.77), child sex male (HRa: 1.18; 95%CI: 1.03–1.35) and use of a pacifier (HRa: 3.46; 95%CI: 2.98–4.01). Conversely, the following protective factors were identified: lower family income (HRa: 0.81; 95%CI: 0.71–0.94), mother-infant bed-sharing (HRa:0.61, 95%CI: 0.52–0.73), on-demand breastfeeding in the first month (HRa: 0.64; 95%CI: 0.47–0.89) and exclusive breastfeeding at 4 months (HRa: 0.58, 95%CI: 0.48–0.70). Conclusions The findings allowed to identify both risk factors for and protective factors against breastfeeding interruption before 2 years of age. Knowledge of these factors may help prevent this event and aid in the development of programs that help women maintain breastfeeding for at least 2 years, as recommended by the WHO.

Prevalence of and factors associated with insufficient physical activity among adolescents: evidence from a nationwide survey in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Md Mokbul Hossain ◽  
Fahmida Akter ◽  
Abu Abdullah Mohammad Hanif ◽  
Md Showkat Ali Khan ◽  
Abu Ahmed Shamim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
World Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adolescent Girls And Boys ◽  
The World ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The World Health Organization set a target of a 15% relative reduction in the prevalence of insufficient physical activity (IPA) by 2025 among adolescents and adults globally. In Bangladesh, there are no national estimates of the prevalence of IPA among adolescents. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors associated with IPA among adolescent girls and boys. Data for 4865 adolescent girls and 4907 adolescent boys, collected as a part of a National Nutrition Surveillance in 2018–19, were analysed for this study. A modified version of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to collect physical activity data. The World Health Organization recommended cut-off points were used to estimate the prevalence of IPA. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with IPA. Prevalences of IPA among adolescent girls and boys were 50.3% and 29.0%, respectively, and the prevalence was significantly higher among early adolescents (10–14 years) than late adolescents (15–19 years) among both boys and girls. The IPA prevalence was highest among adolescents living in non-slum urban areas (girls: 77.7%; boys: 64.1%). For both boys and girls, younger age, non-slum urban residence, higher paternal education and increased television viewing time were significantly associated with IPA. Additionally, residing in slums was significantly associated with IPA only among the boys. Higher maternal education was associated with IPA only among the girls. This study identified several modifiable risk factors associated with IPA among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh. These factors should be addressed through comprehensive public health interventions to promote physical activity among adolescent girls and boys.

scholarly journals Individual- and Community-Level Risk Factors Associated with Childhood Diarrhea in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis of 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Setegn Muche Fenta ◽  
Teshager Zerihun Nigussie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Community Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Childhood Diarrhea ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

Background. Diarrhea is the second cause of child deaths globally. According to World Health Organization reports, in each year, it kills more than 525,000 children under 5 years. More than half of these deaths occur in five countries including Ethiopia. This study is aimed at identifying both individual- and community-level risk factors of childhood diarrhea in Ethiopia. Methods. Ethiopian demography and health survey of 2016 data were used for the analysis. A total of 10,641 children aged 0–59 months were included in the analysis. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to identify both individual- and community-level risk factors associated with childhood diarrhea. Result. The incidence of childhood diarrhea was 12% (95% CI: 11.39, 12.63). The random-effects model revealed that 67% of the variability of childhood diarrhea was explained by individual- and community-level factors. From the individual-level factors, children aged 36–59 months ( AOR = 3.166 ; 95% CI: 2.569, 3.900), twin child ( AOR = 1.871 ; 95% CI: 1.390, 2.527), birth order 5 and above ( AOR = 2.210 , 95% CI: 1.721, 2.839), not received any vaccination ( AOR = 1.197 ; 95% CI: 1.190, 1.527), smaller size of child at birth ( AOR = 1.303 ; 95% CI: 1.130, 1.504), and never breastfed children ( AOR = 2.91 ; 95% CI: 2.380, 3.567) associated with the higher incidence of childhood diarrhea. From the community-level factors, living in a rural area ( AOR = 1.505 ; 95% CI: 1.233, 1.836)), unprotected source of drinking water ( AOR = 1.289 ; 95% CI: 1.060, 1.567), and availability of unimproved latrine facilities (OR: 1.289; 95% CI: 1.239, 1.759) associated with the higher incidence of childhood diarrhea. Besides, children who live in Afar, Amhara, Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambella, SNNPR, and Dire Dawa regions had higher incidence of childhood diarrhea. Conclusion. The incidence of childhood diarrhea was different from cluster to cluster in Ethiopia. Therefore, integrated child health intervention programs including provisions of toilet facility, access to a clean source of drinking water, educate parents about the importance of breastfeeding, and vaccination have to be strongly implemented in order to reduce the high incidence of childhood diarrhea among children in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with severe COVID-19: prospective analysis of 1,045 hospitalised cases in North-Eastern France, March 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Kaeuffer ◽  
Coralie Le Hyaric ◽  
Thibaut Fabacher ◽  
Joy Mootien ◽  
Benjamin Dervieux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Health Organization

Background In March 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Aim Our objective was to identify risk factors predictive of severe disease and death in France. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we included patients ≥ 18 years old with confirmed COVID-19, hospitalised in Strasbourg and Mulhouse hospitals (France), in March 2020. We respectively compared patients who developed severe disease (admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) or death) and patients who died, to those who did not, by day 7 after hospitalisation. Results Among 1,045 patients, 424 (41%) had severe disease, including 335 (32%) who were admitted to ICU, and 115 (11%) who died. Mean age was 66 years (range: 20–100), and 612 (59%) were men. Almost 75% of patients with body mass index (BMI) data (n = 897) had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (n = 661). Independent risk factors associated with severe disease were advanced age (odds ratio (OR): 1.1 per 10-year increase; 95% CrI (credible interval): 1.0–1.2), male sex (OR: 2.1; 95% CrI: 1.5–2.8), BMI of 25–29.9 kg/m2 (OR: 1.8; 95% CrI: 1.2–2.7) or ≥ 30 (OR: 2.2; 95% CrI: 1.5–3.3), dyspnoea (OR: 2.5; 95% CrI: 1.8–3.4) and inflammatory parameters (elevated C-reactive protein and neutrophil count, low lymphocyte count). Risk factors associated with death were advanced age (OR: 2.7 per 10-year increase; 95% CrI: 2.1–3.4), male sex (OR: 1.7; 95% CrI: 1.1–2.7), immunosuppression (OR: 3.8; 95% CrI: 1.6–7.7), diabetes (OR: 1.7; 95% CrI: 1.0–2.7), chronic kidney disease (OR: 2.3; 95% CrI: 1.3–3.9), dyspnoea (OR: 2.1; 95% CrI: 1.2–3.4) and inflammatory parameters. Conclusions Overweightedness, obesity, advanced age, male sex, comorbidities, dyspnoea and inflammation are risk factors for severe COVID-19 or death in hospitalised patients. Identifying these features among patients in routine clinical practice might improve COVID-19 management.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Breastfeeding Duration

Medicina ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Giedra Levinienė ◽  
Eglė Tamulevičienė ◽  
Jolanta Kudzytė ◽  
Aušra Petrauskienė ◽  
Apolinaras Zaborskis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Married Women ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Organization Strategy ◽  
One Year ◽  
Health Organization

Background and Objective. The assessment of the factors associated with breastfeeding duration helps in creation of a national policy according to the World Health Organization strategy and recommendations. The objective of the study was to identify the factors associated with breastfeeding duration. Material and Methods. These analyses are based on a sample of mothers with babies attending one family health center in Kaunas, Lithuania. Completed questionnaires were obtained from 195 mothers (response rate, 97.5%). One year later, the same respondents, who had 1-year-old children, answered questions of the second questionnaire. Results. Half (53.8%) of the surveyed women breastfed for 3–5 months, 29.7% for 6 months and more, and 16.5% of the respondents breastfed for less than 3 months. The oldest (31–40 years) women breastfed their babies significantly longer than the youngest (<20 years) mothers. The mothers with a higher education breastfed their babies significantly longer than the less educated mothers. The married women breastfed longer than single or living with a partner. The mothers who did not give extra fluids and pacifiers breastfed significantly longer than the women who gave them. The majority of the mothers who had sore nipples, milk stasis, and mastitis breastfed for only up to 3 months. Conclusions. Mothers at risk of short breastfeeding duration should be targeted as a group for breastfeeding promotion early in the pregnancy. The education of healthcare professionals who provide prenatal and postnatal care allows them to choose women who need additional breastfeeding support.

scholarly journals Faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan nyeri ekstremitas inferior pada guru sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Tuminting

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvin A. Herlambang ◽  
Vanda D. Doda ◽  
Helina I. S. Wungouw
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Inferior Extremity ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is a major cause of work-related illness and become a cost burden for individuals, industry and society in many countries and as has been acknowledged by the United Nations and the World Health Organization (WHO). One of the common disease of MSDs is inferior ekstremity pain. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors associated with the onset of MSDs, especially in the inferior ekstremity. This study was a cross sectional study with surveys of 282 respondents who are of primary school teachers in Tuminting. This study found that respondents experiencing inferior extremity pain as much as 94% while never experiencing inferior extremity pain as much as 6%. Significant risk factors associated with inferior extremity pain are gender and psychosocial factors that respondents felt over the last few years his work increasingly demanding (p <0.05). This result support the teoritical framework that individual factor and psikosocial factor associate with workrelated MSDs.Keywords: Inferior ekstremity pain, Risk factors, Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)Abstrak: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya sakit yang berhubungan dengan pekerjaan, dan menjadi beban biaya bagi individu, industri dan masyarakat di banyak negara dan telah diakui oleh United Nation dan World Health Organization (WHO). Salah satu keluhan dari MSDs adalah nyeri pada ektremitas inferior. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui faktor risiko apa saja yang berhubungan dengan timbulnya MSDs khususnya yang terjadi pada ekstremitas inferior. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional dengan survei lapangan terhadap 282 responden yang merupakan guru sekolah dasar di kecamatan Tuminting. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan responden yang mengalami nyeri ekstremitas inferior sebanyak 94% sedangkan yang tidak pernah mengalami nyeri ekstremitas inferior sebanyak 6%. Faktor risiko yang berhubungan signifikan dengan nyeri ekstremitas inferior adalah jenis kelamin dan faktor psikososial dimana responden merasakan selama beberapa tahun terakhir pekerjaannya semakin lama semakin banyak (p< 0,05). Hasil penelitian ini yaitu faktor individu dengan faktor psikososial berhubungan dengan MSDs yang disebabkan oleh kerja.Kata kunci: Nyeri ekstremitas inferior, Faktor risiko, Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)

scholarly journals Hipertensi dan Faktor Risikonya di Puskesmas Motolohu Kabupaten Pohuwato

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 032
Author(s):  
Zul Adhayani Arda ◽  
Rifa’i Ali ◽  
Marselina Mustapa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
The Public ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Organization

Based on WHO (World Health Organization) in 2011, hypertension was causing 8billion of the world citizen pass away every year in which almost 1.5 billion of them were in south east of Asia. The purpose of study was to determine the risk factors associated with hypertension in Pohuwato District in 2017. The study was an observational analytic with case control design. The sample of study was 202 respondents which divided into 101 case group and 101 control group in the  w orkarea of Puskesmas Motolohu in Pohuwato District. The data were analyzed by using odds ratio (OR) test. The study result showed that occupation (OR=2.71;95% CI; 1.45-5.05), gender (OR=2.55; 95% CI; 1.35-4.79), smoking behavior (OR=2.55; 95% CI; 1.35-4.79), hypertension history (OR=6.13; 95% CI; 3.04-12.36), and consumption of coffee (OR=3.20; 95% CI; 1.64-6.25) were significant risk factors for occurance of hypertension. It is recomended to counseled as a means of disseminating information about risk factors and effect of hypertensionto the public.

Factors Associated With Extended Breastfeeding in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpit R. Mehta ◽  
Sigamani Panneer ◽  
Suparna Ghosh-Jerath ◽  
Elizabeth F. Racine
Keyword(s):  
Median Duration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding

Background: Extended breastfeeding duration is common in India. Extended breastfeeding protects the infant from infectious disease and promotes child spacing. In the 1990s, the median breastfeeding duration in India was 24 months. Research aim: This study aimed to investigate the median duration of breastfeeding in India and to identify the factors associated with extended breastfeeding to 24 months as recommended by the World Health Organization. Methods: This cross-sectional data analysis used nationally representative data from the 2011–2012 Indian Human Development Survey II. The outcome in this study was extended breastfeeding defined as breastfeeding to 24 months or more. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with extended breastfeeding. Results: The median duration of breastfeeding was 12 months; approximately 25% of women breastfed 24 months or more. Women were at greater odds of breastfeeding 24 months or more if the infant was a boy compared with a girl, if the women lived in a rural area compared with an urban area, if the women were married at a young age (< 17 vs. 20 years or older at marriage), and if the delivery was assisted by a friend or relative compared with a doctor. Conclusion: The median duration of breastfeeding has decreased by 50% from 1992–1993 to 2011–2012. The women who continue to breastfeed 24 months or more tend to be more traditional (i.e., living in rural areas, marrying young, and having family/friends as birth attendants). Further research to study the health effect of decreased breastfeeding duration is warranted.

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