scholarly journals Evaluation of Physico-Mechanical-Combustion Characteristics of Fuel Briquettes made from blends of Areca Nut Husk, Simarouba Seed Shell and Black Liquor

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santhosh Ujjinappa ◽  
Lingadhalli Krishnamurthy Sreepathi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Renewable Energy Development ◽  
Compacting Pressure

In order to utilize the agro residues and non-edible oil seed shells for the energy purpose, Areca Nut Husk (ANH) and Simarouba Seed Shell (SSS) are considered as raw materials and pulp production industry byproduct Black liquor (BL) as a binder for the production of fuel briquettes. The cylindrical briquettes were produced in four different blending proportions at 3 different pressures between 60 MPa to 80 MPa and various briquette properties were evaluated. The mathematical regression equations between the independent variables (blending proportion and compacting pressure) and briquette properties were developed. The R2 values for the regression equation between independent variables and (Briquette properties) compressed density, relaxed density, relaxation ratio, shattering index and compressive strength were 0.945, 0.743, 0.646, 0.862 and 0.839 respectively. The results confirmed that briquette produced with a blending proportion of ANH:SSS:BL=60:40:00 at 80 MPa have better properties. Thus, combustion characteristics such as proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, calorific value were estimated for a briquette produced with a blending proportion of ANH:SSS:BL=60:40:00 at 80 MPa; and compared with Barley and Sawdust charcoal briquettes. The overall results conclude that better quality briquettes can be produced from the blends of ANH and SSS and can be used for several heating applications.Article History: Received Dec 15th 2017; Received in revised form May 16th 2018; Accepted June 3rd 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Ujjinappa, S. and Sreepathi, L.K. (2018) Evaluation of Physico-Mechanical-Combustion Characteristics of Fuel Briquettes Made From Blends of Areca Nut Husk, Simarouba Seed Shell and Black Liquor. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(2), 131-137.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.2.131-137 

Biomass Pellets from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OP-EFB)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Rahman Farhan Aditya
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Binder Concentration

Oil Palm growths in Indonesia are getting higher every year. Oil palm plantationproduced various waste, including oil palm empty fruit bunches (OP-EFB). 95 % Indonesia energy demand still provided by the fossil fuel and only 5 % provided by renewable energy, which provide opportunity of OP-EFB biomass pellets to be utilized as alternative resource. The research of biomass still low, especially research of OP-EFB biomass pellets. Therefore, the research objectives were to determine the production process of OP-EFB and to define the most effective binder and binder ratio for the biomass pellets. This research experiments  consist of shredding, chopping, drying, grinding, and sieving as raw material pretreatment. Also, varying the binder and binder concentration of the mixture between raw materials was the part of this thesis research. The binders used in this thesis research are PVAC paste and tapioca based paste with 4 variations of concentration. The analyses of the biomass pellets characteristic are density,compressive strength, proximate analysis (moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon), calorific value, combustion rate, and gas chromatographic & mass spectroscopy (GCMS). The result shows that OP-EFB biomass pellets are qualified to be considered as biomass pellets. The most effective OP-EFB biomass pellets is biomass pellets with 10% tapioca binder concentration.

The Prediction Model and Application for Net Calorific Value of Biomass Power Plant Fuel

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 2420-2424
Author(s):  
Hong Liang Zhang ◽  
Dian Zhen Fu ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Value Prediction ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Biomass Power Plant

A quantitative multivariate linear regression equation is established with the net calorific value of woody biomass fuel as the dependent variable and proximate analysis indexes as the independent variables. The prediction effect of the regression model is evaluated by the error analysis method. Results show that within the variable application ranges, the prediction error of the multiple linear regression model developed is small, and it could provide basis and reference for the calorific value prediction of woody biomass.

scholarly journals Binderless, All-Lignin Briquette from Black Liquor Waste: Isolation, Purification, and Characterization

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Yati Mardiyati ◽  
Emia Yoseva Tarigan ◽  
Pandji Prawisudha ◽  
Silvia Mar’atus Shoimah ◽  
Raden Reza Rizkiansyah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Ph Level

Lignin isolated from black liquor waste was studied in this research to be utilized as binderless, all-lignin briquette, with a calorific value in the range of 5670–5876 kcal/kg. Isolation of lignin from black liquor was conducted using the acid precipitation method. Sulfuric acid, citric acid, and acetic acid were used to maintain the pH level, which varied from 5 to 2 for the precipitation process. The influence of these isolation conditions on the characteristic of lignin and the properties of the resulted briquette was evaluated through the Klasson method, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), adiabatic bomb calorimeter, density measurement, and Drop Shatter Index (DSI) testing. The finding showed that the lignin isolated using citric acid maintained to pH 3 resulted in briquette with 72% fixed carbon content, excellent 99.7% DSI, and a calorific value equivalent to coal-based briquette.

scholarly journals Potential of bamboo species for the production of briquettes

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Andreia Brand ◽  
Ailton Leonel Balduino Junior ◽  
Daniela Leticia Nones ◽  
Angela Zakostelsky Neves Gaa
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris ◽  
Phyllostachys Bambusoides

ABSTRACT Bamboo is a versatile plant that is widely used in many areas for feeding, manufacturing of utensils, construction and environmental purposes. The energetic use of bamboo stalks or residues from other applications is a promising alternative and compatible with sustainable development principles. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of four bamboo species (Bambusa vulgaris, Phyllostachys bambusoides, Phyllostachys edulis and Phyllostachys nigra) for briquette production. The following properties were evaluated: moisture content, bulk density, compression strength, proximate analysis, gross calorific value and energetic density. The results showed numbers ranging from 1.109 g cm-3 to 1.228 g cm-3 for bulk density, 4.68 MPa to 5.82 MPa for compression strength, 79.01 % to 82.25 % for volatile content, 15.26 % to 20.18 % for fixed carbon content, 0.38 % to 2.49 % for ash content, 4,571 kcal kg-1 to 4,716 kcal kg-1 for gross calorific value and 5.08 Gcal m-3 to 5.84 Gcal m-3 for energetic density. The briquettes produced from P. nigra presented the best energetic quality, followed by briquettes from P. edulis, P. bambusoides and B. vulgaris. Overall, it may be said that the four bamboo species can be used as alternative raw materials for energy generation.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature and Time Carbonization on Calorific Value of Charcoal Briquette Raw Materials Areca Nut Husk

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Riski Camarta ◽  
Hendri Nurdin ◽  
Nelvi Erizon ◽  
Andril Arafat
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Energy Needs

Areca nut husk is one type of biomass that can be used as raw material for briquettes as an alternative energy producer. Charcoal briquettes are solid fuels that can be used as alternative fuels in an effort to meet energy needs. This study aims to assess the quality of areca nut charcoal briquettes through carbonization at temperatures of 200 ° C, 250 ° C, 300 ° C, 350 ° C and 400 ° C at holding times for 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The study was conducted by pyrolysis of areca nut briquettes which had been formed and dried. Testing the quality of charcoal briquettes includes calorific value analysis. The results of this study indicate the highest heating value of coir briquette charcoal is at carbonization temperature of 300 ° C for 60 minutes at 20979,13632 KJ/Kg. Serat buah pinang merupakan salah satu jenis biomassa yang dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi bahan baku briket sebagai penghasil energi alternatif dalam mengurangi penggunaan bahan bakar fosil (minyak bumi). Briket arang merupakan bahan bakar padat yang dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif dalam upaya untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan energi. Pembuatan briket menggunakan perekat tapioka dengan komposisi biomassa dan perekat sebanyak 80% dan 20%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kualitas briket arang serat buah pinang melalui proses karbonisasi pada temperatur 200°C, 250°C, 300°C, 350°C dan 400°C pada waktu tahan selama 30, 60 dan 90 menit. Pengujian kualitas briket arang meliputi analisis nilai kalor. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai kalor briket arang serat buah pinang tertinggi terdapat pada temperatur karbonisasi 300°C selama 60 menit sebesar 20979,13632 KJ/Kg.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of leaf-based biobriquette with tapioca as adhesives

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Otong Nurhilal ◽  
◽  
Sri Suryaningsih ◽  
Sisilia Nusi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Carbonation Process ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Samanea Saman

The fall leaves waste are abundantly and freely available from trees which are grown aims for reforestation and environmental sustainability purposes such as Samanea saman, Filicium decipiens, and mahogany trees. However, burning fallen leaves used to be standard practice across some local areas though most municipalities now ban or discourage the incendiary practice due to the air pollution causes bad impact to human health and the environment, and often results in dangerous wildfires. Also, ash particulates irritate the eyes and throat and restrict visibility. On the other hand, the powder of those dried leaves is potential raw materials for briquettes as an alternative source of energy provide proper carbonation process. This paper reports the preparation and characterization of briquettes from the powder of those dry leaves utilized tapioca as an adhesive. The proximate analysis showed that the lowest water content was 6.13% obtained from carbonization of Filicium decipiens briquettes, the lowest ash content was 4.66% for non-carbonization briquettes Samanea saman, the lowest volatile matter was 29.85% for carbonization briquette Samanea saman, the highest fixed carbon was 49.32% for briquette carbonization Samanea saman. The highest calorific value was 5,236 cal/g received from carbonized Filicium decipiens briquettes. It was concluded that the use of tapioca as adhesive could improve the calorific value of as prepared briquettes.

Evaluasi Prediksi Higher Heating Value (HHV) Biomassa Berdasarkan Analisis Proksimat

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Made Dirgantara ◽  
Karelius Karelius ◽  
Marselin Devi Ariyanti, Sry Ayu K. Tamba
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Bomb Calorimeter ◽  
Hhv Prediction

Abstrak – Biomassa merupakan salah satu energi terbarukan yang sangat mudah ditemui, ramah lingkungan dan cukup ekonomis. Keberadaan biomassa dapat dimaanfaatkan sebagai pengganti bahan bakar fosil, baik itu minyak bumi, gas alam maupun batu bara. Analisi diperlukan sebagai dasar biomassa sebagai energi seperti proksimat dan kalor. Analisis terpenting untuk menilai biomassa sebagai bahan bakar adalah nilai kalori atau higher heating value (HHV). HHV secara eksperimen diukur menggunakan bomb calorimeter, namun pengukuran ini kurang efektif, karena memerlukan waktu serta biaya yang tinggi. Penelitian mengenai prediksi HHV berdasarkan analisis proksimat telah dilakukan sehingga dapat mempermudah dan menghemat biaya yang diperlukan peneliti. Dalam makalah ini dibahas evaluasi persamaan untuk memprediksi HHV berdasarkan analisis proksimat pada biomassa berdasarkan data dari penelitian sebelumnya. Prediksi nilai HHV menggunakan lima persamaan yang dievaluasi dengan 25 data proksimat biomassa dari penelitian sebelumnya, kemudian dibandingkan berdasarkan nilai error untuk mendapatkan prediksi terbaik. Hasil analisis menunjukan, persamaan A terbaik di 7 biomassa, B di 6 biomassa, C di 6 biomassa, D di 5 biomassa dan E di 1 biomassa.Kata kunci: bahan bakar, biomassa, higher heating value, nilai error, proksimat  Abstract – Biomass is a renewable energy that is very easy to find, environmentally friendly, and quite economical. The existence of biomass can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels, both oil, natural gas, and coal. Analyzes are needed as a basis for biomass as energy such as proximate and heat. The most critical analysis to assess biomass as fuel is the calorific value or higher heating value (HHV). HHV is experimentally measured using a bomb calorimeter, but this measurement is less effective because it requires time and high costs. Research on the prediction of HHV based on proximate analysis has been carried out so that it can simplify and save costs needed by researchers. In this paper, the evaluation of equations is discussed to predict HHV based on proximate analysis on biomass-based on data from previous studies. HHV prediction values using five equations were evaluated with 25 proximate biomass data from previous studies, then compared based on error value to get the best predictions. The analysis shows that Equation A predicts best in 7 biomass, B in 6 biomass, C in 6 biomass, D in 5 biomass, and E in 1 biomass. Key words: fuel, biomass, higher heating value, error value, proximate 

scholarly journals Effect of Pork Meat Replacement by Fish Products on Fatty Acid Content, Physicochemical, and Sensory Properties of Pork Pâtés

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Piotr Skałecki ◽  
Agnieszka Kaliniak-Dziura ◽  
Piotr Domaradzki ◽  
Mariusz Florek ◽  
Ewa Poleszak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Control Group

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the addition of fish raw materials (roe or fish meat) on the quality and nutritional value of pork pâtés. The control group (n = 4) consisted of pork pâtés, I experimental group (n = 6) of pâtés with 20% addition of roe (perch and pike), and II group of pâtés with 20% addition of fish (perch and pike meat) (n = 6). The pâtés’ pH, color, and profiled texture analysis were instrumentally measured and water, protein, fat, ash, and fatty acid content were determined by reference methods. To assess the oxidative stability of lipids the measurement of peroxide number, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and content of conjugated dienes and trienes was used. The degree of fat hydrolysis was determined on the basis of acid value. Sensory analysis was carried out using the scaling method, taking into account 12 unit quality characteristics. Products with roe and meat contained less fat (accordingly 15.9% and 14.1%) and showed lower calorific value (accordingly 225.6 and 208.6 kcal/100 g) compared to pork pâtés (20.2% of lipids, 267 kcal/100 g). Moreover, the addition of fish raw materials improved the index of nutritional quality for protein (from 3.2 to 3.9) and beneficially reduced the nutritional index for fat (from 2.2 to 1.9). Fish constituents modified, to a certain extent, the color, texture, and sensory properties of pâtés, while maintaining full acceptability in consumer assessment. The addition of fish roe significantly increased the healthful quality by improving the fatty acid profile of pâtés, in which the significantly highest content of n-3 fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (accordingly 252.21, 43.17, and 107.94 mg/100 g product), as well the highest concentration of saturated branched chain fatty acids were determined (18.75 mg/100 g product).

Integrated Process for Textile Cotton Waste (TCW) Valorization: Waste-to-Energy and Wastewater Decontamination

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ribeiro ◽  
C. Vilarinho ◽  
J. Araújo ◽  
J. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
World Population ◽  
Cotton Waste ◽  
Textile Industries

The increasing of world population, industrialization and global consuming, existing market products existed in the along with diversification of raw materials, are responsible for an exponential increase of wastes. This scenario represents loss of resources and ultimately causes air, soils and water pollution. Therefore, proper waste management is currently one of the major challenges faced by modern societies. Textile industries represents, in Portugal, almost 10% of total productive transforming sector and 19% of total employments in the sector composed by almost 7.000 companies. One of the main environmental problems of textile industries is the production of significant quantities of wastes from its different processing steps. According to the Portuguese Institute of Statistics (INE) these industries produce almost 500.000 tons of wastes each year, with the textile cotton waste (TCW) being the most expressive. It was estimated that 4.000 tons of TCW are produced each year in Portugal. In this work an integrated TCW valorisation procedure was evaluated, firstly by its thermal and energetic valorisation with slow pyrolysis followed by the utilization of biochar by-product, in lead and chromium synthetic wastewater decontamination. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted in a small scale rotating pyrolysis reactor with 0.1 m3 of total capacity. Results of pyrolysis experiments showed the formation of 0,241 m3 of biogas for each kilogram of TCW. Results also demonstrated that the biogas is mostly composed by hydrogen (22%), methane (14 %), carbon monoxide (20%) and carbon dioxide (12%), which represents a total high calorific value of 12.3 MJ/Nm3. Regarding biochar, results of elemental analysis demonstrated a high percentage of carbon driving its use as low cost adsorbent. Adsorption experiments were conducted with lead and chromium synthetic wastewaters (25, 50 and 100 mg L−1) in batch vessels with controlled pH. It was evaluated the behaviour of adsorption capacity and removal rate of each metal during 120 minutes of contact time using 5, 10 and 50 g L−1 of adsorbent dosage. Results indicated high affinity of adsorbent with each tested metal with 78% of removal rate in chromium and 95% in lead experiments. This suggests that biochar from TCW pyrolysis may be appropriated to wastewaters treatment, with high contents of heavy metals and it can be an effective alternative to activated carbon.

Proximate Analysis of British Columbia Herring in Relation to Season and Condition Factor

1939 ◽  
Vol 4b (5) ◽  
pp. 478-490
Author(s):  
John Lawson Hart ◽  
Albert L. Tester ◽  
Desmond Beall ◽  
John P. Tully
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Spawning Time ◽  
Average Condition ◽  
The Individual

Analysis by standard methods of samples of Clupea pallasii from different seasons and localities in British Columbia showed the following ranges in composition: water, 64.2 to 80.2%; oil, 4.1 to 19.4%; protein, 10.1 to 16.8%; ash, 1.9 to 2.8%. Oil content is highest in summer, declines during the fall and winter, and falls to a minimum after spawning time in early spring. There is an accompanying decline in the weight of the fish. Herring are highly variable in calorific value (2.41 to 0.94 Calories per gram). Potential oil yields on reduction as high as 30 gallons per ton are indicated with a minimum of 7 gallons per ton. Average condition factors for samples were determined by averaging the individual condition factors obtained from [Formula: see text], when C is the condition factor, W is weight in grams, L is length in millimetres, and 3.26 is the exponent in the empirically fitted equation W = CLn. This condition factor was found to be positively correlated with oil content and to follow in general the same seasonal trend.

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