Three-dimensional bioglass-collagen-phosphatidylserine scaffolds designed with functionally graded structure and mechanical features

Abstract The development of scaffolds featuring spatiotemporal controlled release of drugs is highly desirable. The goal of this study is to construct an inhomogeneous scaffold with gradient pore structure from top layer to bottom layer. The scaffolds were prepared using bioglass (BG), phosphatidylserine (PS) and steroidal saponins (SS) loaded collagen (COL) microparticles as the main components. The resulting scaffold constructs were characterized in terms of their morphology, drug release kinetics and mechanisms, as well as macroscopic form stability and mechanical properties. Pore interconnectivity and graded distribution were demonstrated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Such constructs have been further shown to be advantageous for temporal and spatial control of drug release and deposition in the scaffolds, with a potential to repair bone defect more precisely and effectively. Changes in the BG content resulted in distinct macroscopic form stability and mechanical properties to scaffolds. An increase in the BG content in scaffolds led to less volume swell as well as higher ultimate strength and compressive modulus, which makes the scaffolds mechanically adjustable according to certain structures and properties of different bone defect sites. The developed scaffolds may show promise for promoting bone tissue regeneration.

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Novel Hydrogels of Chitosan and Poly (vinyl alcohol) Reinforced with Inorganic Particles of Bioactive Glass

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13050691 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 691

Author(s):

O. Sánchez-Aguinagalde ◽

Ainhoa Lejardi ◽

Emilio Meaurio ◽

Rebeca Hernández ◽

Carmen Mijangos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Drug Release ◽

Bioactive Glass ◽

Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

The Body ◽

Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Inorganic Particles ◽

Release Studies

Chitosan (CS) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels, a polymeric system that shows a broad potential in biomedical applications, were developed. Despite the advantages they present, their mechanical properties are insufficient to support the loads that appear on the body. Thus, it was proposed to reinforce these gels with inorganic glass particles (BG) in order to improve mechanical properties and bioactivity and to see how this reinforcement affects levofloxacin drug release kinetics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), swelling tests, rheology and drug release studies characterized the resulting hydrogels. The experimental results verified the bioactivity of these gels, showed an improvement of the mechanical properties and proved that the added bioactive glass does affect the release kinetics.

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Fabrication of High-Strength and Porous Hybrid Scaffolds Based on Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Human-Like Collagen for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12010061 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yannan Liu ◽

Juan Gu ◽

Daidi Fan

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

High Strength ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Bone Tissue Regeneration

A novel, three-dimensional, porous, human-like collagen (HLC)/nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) scaffold cross-linked by 1,2,7,8-diepoxyoctane (DEO) was successfully fabricated, which showed excellent mechanical and superior biological properties for bone tissue regeneration in this study. The physicochemical characterizations of different n-HA/HLC/DEO (nHD) scaffolds were investigated by determining the morphology, compression stress, elastic modulus, Young’s modulus and enzymatic hydrolysis behavior in vitro. The results demonstrated that nHD-2 and nHD-3 scaffolds showed superior mechanical properties and resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis compared to nHD-1 scaffolds. The cell viability, live cell staining and cell adhesion analysis results demonstrated that nHD-2 scaffolds exhibited low cytotoxicity and excellent cytocompatibility compared with nHD-1 and nHD-3 scaffolds. Furthermore, subcutaneous injections of nHD-2 scaffolds in rabbits produced superior anti-biodegradation effects and histocompatibility compared with injections of nHD-1 and nHD-3 scaffolds after 1, 2 and 4 weeks. In addition, the repair of bone defects in rabbits demonstrated that nHD-2 scaffolds presented an improved ability for guided bone regeneration and reconstruction compared to commercially available bone scaffold composite hydroxyapatite/collagen (HC). Collectively, the results show that nHD-2 scaffolds show promise for application in bone tissue engineering due to their excellent mechanical properties, anti-biodegradation, anti-biodegradation, biocompatibility and bone repair effects.

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Silk Fibroin/Collagen/Chitosan Scaffolds Cross-Linked by a Glyoxal Solution as Biomaterials toward Bone Tissue Regeneration

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13153433 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 3433

Author(s):

Sylwia Grabska-Zielińska ◽

Alina Sionkowska ◽

Catarina C. Coelho ◽

Fernando J. Monteiro

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Silk Fibroin ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽

New Materials ◽

Swelling Degree ◽

Chitosan Scaffolds ◽

Measured Density ◽

Scanning Electron

In this study, three-dimensional materials based on blends of silk fibroin (SF), collagen (Coll), and chitosan (CTS) cross-linked by glyoxal solution were prepared and the properties of the new materials were studied. The structure of the composites and the interactions between scaffold components were studied using FTIR spectroscopy. The microstructure was observed using a scanning electron microscope. The following properties of the materials were measured: density and porosity, moisture content, and swelling degree. Mechanical properties of the 3D materials under compression were studied. Additionally, the metabolic activity of MG-63 osteoblast-like cells on materials was examined. It was found that the materials were characterized by a high swelling degree (up to 3000% after 1 h of immersion) and good porosity (in the range of 80–90%), which can be suitable for tissue engineering applications. None of the materials showed cytotoxicity toward MG-63 cells.

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Development of Mucoadhesive Patches for Buccal Administration of Prochlorperazine: Evaluation of In Vitro Release and Mechanical Properties

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology ◽

10.37285/10.37285/ijpsn.2008.1.1.5 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 64-70

Author(s):

Chandra Sekhar Kolli ◽

Ramesh Gannu ◽

Vamshi Vishnu Yamsani ◽

Kishan V ◽

Madhsudan Rao Yamsani

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Drug Release ◽

Moisture Absorption ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

In Vitro Release ◽

Work Of Adhesion ◽

Casting Technique ◽

Vitro Release

The aim of this investigation was to develop and evaluate mucoadhesive buccal patches of prochlorperazine (PCPZ). Permeation of PCPZ was calculated in vitro using porcine buccal membrane. Buccal formulations were developed by solvent-casting technique using hydroxy propylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) as mucoadhesive polymer. The patches were evaluated for in vitro release, moisture absorption and mechanical properties. The optimized formulation, based on in vitro release and moisture absorption studies, was subjected for bioadhesion studies using porcine buccal membrane. In vitro flux of PCPZ was calculated to be 2.14 ± 0.01 µg. h–1.cm–2 and buccal absorption was also demonstrated in vivo in human volunteers. In vitro drug release and moisture absorbed was governed by HPMC content. Increasing concentration of HPMC delayed the drug release. All formulations followed Zero order release kinetics whereas the release pattern was non-Fickian. The mechanical properties, tensile strength (10.28 ± 2.27 kg mm–2 for formulation P3) and elongation at break reveal that the formulations were found to be strong but not brittle. The peak detachment force and work of adhesion for formulation P3 were 0.68 ± 0.15 N and 0.14 ± 0.08 mJ, respectively. The results indicate that suitable bioadhesive buccal patches of PCPZ with desired permeability and suitable mechanical properties could be prepared

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Development of Switchable “Smart” Biomaterials Using an Environmental Friendly Technology

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-1220-bb01-07 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1220 ◽

Author(s):

Telma Barroso ◽

Raquel Viveiros ◽

Eunice Costa ◽

Márcio Temtem ◽

Teresa Casimiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Thermoresponsive Polymers ◽

Porous Networks ◽

Environmental Friendly ◽

Smart Biomaterials ◽

External Stimuli ◽

Release Devices

AbstractThe possibility of using three dimensional porous networks as microreactors for synthesizing thermoresponsive polymers and hydrogels in a CO2 environment is an important breakthrough in the strategies to prepare smart films, membranes and porous bulky devices that undergo fast reversible changes in surface properties triggered by external stimuli. In situ synthesis of thermoresponsive polymers namely, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and poly (N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) within chitosan (CHT), collagen (CLG) and chitosan-collagen (CHT:CLG) blended scaffolds were performed in order to further impregnate with model drugs. The performance of these switchable release devices was evaluated through the study of drug release kinetics as a function of temperature and pH. The same methodology was successfully applied to produce thermoresponsive polysulfone-based membranes.

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Hydrophilic Excipient-Independent Drug Release from SLA-Printed Pellets

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13101717 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1717

Author(s):

Lei Xu ◽

Qingliang Yang ◽

Wei Qiang ◽

Huijie Li ◽

Weizhen Zhong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Release Behavior ◽

Sustained Drug Release ◽

Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate ◽

Glycol Diacrylate ◽

Drug Release Behavior ◽

Microscopic Features ◽

Release Profiles

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, specifically stereolithography (SLA) technology, has recently created exciting possibilities for the design and fabrication of sophisticated dosages for oral administration, paving a practical way to precisely manufacture customized pharmaceutical dosages with both personalized properties and sustained drug release behavior. However, the sustained drug release achieved in prior studies largely relies on the presence of hydrophilic excipients in the printing formulation, which unfortunately impedes the printability and formability of the corresponding printing formulations. The current study developed and prepared mini-sized oral pellets using the SLA technique and successfully accomplished a hydrophilic excipient-independent drug release behavior. With ibuprofen as the model drug, the customized photopolymerizable printing formulation included polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) as a monomer and diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (TPO) as a photoinitiator. The produced mini-sized pellets were thoroughly investigated for various factors, including their printability, physical properties, microscopic features, drug content, and drug-release profiles. The drug release profiles from the printed pellets that were larger size (3 mm and 6 mm) followed the Ritger–Peppas model, demonstrating that the release was influenced by both the diffusion of the dissolved drug and by the erosion of the hydrophilic excipients (PEG400). The profiles from the smaller printed pellets (1 mm and 2 mm) followed first release kinetics, not only illustrating that the release was impacted only by drug diffusion, but also indicating that there is a size boundary between the dependent and independent hydrophilic excipients. These results could create practical benefits to the pharmaceutical industry in terms of the design and development personalized dosages using the SLA printing technique with controllable drug release by manipulating size alone.

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EFFECT OF CELLULOSIC POLYMER ON PHYSICO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SUPERPOROUS HYDROGEL OF AN ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG AND DRUG RELEASE KINETICS FROM IT

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2019v11i5.34734 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 257-263

Author(s):

Gopa Roy Biswas ◽

Debolina Roy ◽

Sutapa Biswas Majee

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Drug Release ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Diffusion Mechanism ◽

Methyl Cellulose ◽

Drug Release Kinetics ◽

Superporous Hydrogels ◽

Superporous Hydrogel ◽

Scanning Electron

Objective: Super porous hydrogels (SPHs), a novel drug delivery system can be developed to retain drugs in the gastric medium. The aim of the present investigation was to prepare superporous hydrogels (SPHs) of Atenolol to release the drug in sustained manner in the gastric environment and study the effect of two grades of hydroxyl methyl cellulose along with Carbopol 971p on the physico mechanical properties and drug release kinetics of the formulations. Methods: Superporous hydrogels of Atenolol were prepared with two grades of Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC K100M and HPMC K15 M) along with Carbopol 971p the structural morphology of hydrogel was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Study on Physico mechanical characteristics and drug release were done. Results: Scanning Electron microscopy studies of the formulations revealed the presence of large number of pores in different size ranges like 1 µm, 2 µm, 10 µm, confirming the formulations as superporous hydrogel. A correlation had been found between porosity, density and % swelling index. The drug release data from the formulations obeyed Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics. Further, the data were fitted to the Kopcha model for confirming drug release by a combination of diffusion-controlled and chain relaxation–swelling mechanism. Conclusion: Among the six formulations, where HPMC K15 M and HPMC K100 M both were present, the gel became more hydrophobic and retarded the release of drug. From the drug release kinetics data, it can be concluded that the diffusion mechanism predominated the drug release process, leading to quasi diffusion and Fickian diffusion mechanism.

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Customized Novel Design of 3D Printed Pregabalin Tablets for Intra-Gastric Floating and Controlled Release Using Fused Deposition Modeling

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics11110564 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 564 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Lamichhane ◽

Park ◽

Sohn ◽

Lee

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Open Systems ◽

Processing Condition ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Bottom Layer ◽

Drug Release Profile ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Deposition Modeling

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been recently employed in the design and formulation of various dosage forms with the aim of on-demand manufacturing and personalized medicine. In this study, we formulated a floating sustained release system using fused deposition modeling (FDM). Filaments were prepared using hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) and pregabalin as the active ingredient. Cylindrical tablets with infill percentages of 25%, 50% and 75% were designed and printed with the FDM printer. An optimized formulation (F6) was designed with a closed bottom layer and a partially opened top layer. Filaments and tablets were characterized by means of fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that the processing condition did not have a significant effect on the stability of the drug and the crystallinity of the drug remained even after printing. A dissolution study revealed that drug release is faster in an open system with low infill percentage compared to closed systems and open systems with a high infill ratio. The optimized formulation (F6) with partially opened top layer showed zero-order drug release. The results show that FDM printing is suitable for the formulation of floating dosage form with the desired drug release profile.

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A Review on Examination of Structural Behaviour of a Bi-directionally Functionally Graded Beam

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology ◽

10.32628/ijsrst207679 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 448-455

Author(s):

Milan Motta ◽

Amit Sarda

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Composite Beam ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Detailed Examination ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

Research Review ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Structural Behaviour ◽

Functionally Graded Beam ◽

Special Category

A composite beam that exhibits variation of properties of a material which is created artificially as per a predefined function is a special category popularly termed as functionally graded beam. The notable part in such a variation in properties of material is that it can be in any of the three possibilities in any single, two dimensional direction or in all the three dimensional direction. It is quite possible to use the governing function in its standard or customized form as any researcher derives it. The nature of governing function of the properties of the graded beam is the reason behind the structural behaviour and the modal characteristic of a functionally graded beam as these two depends upon it. This research review focuses on a detailed examination of different governing equation which controls the variation of mechanical properties of a beam in different dimensional directions and their authority on structural and modal distinctiveness of the beam.

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The Mechanical Properties and Biometrical Effect of 3D Preformed Titanium Membrane for Guided Bone Regeneration on Alveolar Bone Defect

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/7102123 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

So-Hyoun Lee ◽

Jong-Hoon Moon ◽

Chang-Mo Jeong ◽

Eun-Bin Bae ◽

Chung-Eun Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Bone Defect ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Compressive Load ◽

Guided Bone Regeneration ◽

Load Test ◽

Mechanical Stiffness ◽

Titanium Membrane

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of three-dimensional preformed titanium membrane (3D-PFTM) to enhance mechanical properties and ability of bone regeneration on the peri-implant bone defect. 3D-PFTMs by new mechanically compressive molding technology and manually shaped- (MS-) PFTMs by hand manipulation were applied in artificial peri-implant bone defect model for static compressive load test and cyclic fatigue load test. In 12 implants installed in the mandibular of three beagle dogs, six 3D-PFTMs, and six collagen membranes (CM) randomly were applied to 2.5 mm peri-implant buccal bone defect with particulate bone graft materials for guided bone regeneration (GBR). The 3D-PFTM group showed about 7.4 times higher mechanical stiffness and 5 times higher fatigue resistance than the MS-PFTM group. The levels of the new bone area (NBA, %), the bone-to-implant contact (BIC, %), distance from the new bone to the old bone (NB-OB, %), and distance from the osseointegration to the old bone (OI-OB, %) were significantly higher in the 3D-PFTM group than the CM group (p<.001). It was verified that the 3D-PFTM increased mechanical properties which were effective in supporting the space maintenance ability and stabilizing the particulate bone grafts, which led to highly efficient bone regeneration.

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