High concentration of IgM-κ paraprotein causes over-estimation of serum total protein by certain biuret method

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tze Ping Loh ◽  
Sai Mun Leong ◽  
Sunil Kumar Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Biuret Method

scholarly journals Phytobiotics with Adsorbent to Mitigate Toxicity of Multiple Mycotoxins on Health and Growth of Pigs

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Debora Muratori Holanda ◽  
Young Ihn Kim ◽  
Wanpuech Parnsen ◽  
Sung Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Mycotoxin Adsorbent

Phytobiotics with a mycotoxin adsorbent were used to mitigate negative effects of multiple mycotoxins in diets fed to pigs. In experiment 1, 120 pigs (11.6 kg body weight; BW) were assigned to five treatments (three pigs/pen) and fed for 28 days. Treatments were CON (control), MTD (CON + 2.5 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol), DP (MTD + phytobiotics at 0.1%), and DPA1 and DPA2 (MTD + phytobiotics and adsorbent at 0.1% and 0.2%, respectively). In experiment 2, 96 pigs (28.5 kg BW) were assigned to four treatments (three pigs/pen) and fed for 26 days. Treatments were CON, MTAF (CON + 0.19 mg/kg of aflatoxin and 8 mg/kg of fumonisins), AFP (MTAF + phytobiotics at 0.1%), and AFPA (MTAF + phytobiotics and adsorbent at 0.1%). Growth performance was measured weekly, and blood was sampled at the end of study to measure hepatic function and inflammatory status (TNF-α). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure. In experiment 1, pigs fed MTD, DP, DPA1, and DPA2 had smaller (p < 0.05) BW than CON. Pigs fed DPA2 had greater (p < 0.05) BW than MTD. Pigs fed DP and DPA2 tended to have lower (p < 0.1) serum total protein than CON. Pigs fed MTD and DPA2 tended to have higher (p < 0.1) alanine aminotransferase than CON. Similarly, pigs fed MTD, DP, and DPA2 tended to have higher (p < 0.1) urea nitrogen/creatinine than CON. In experiment 2, pigs fed MTAF, AFP, and AFPA had smaller (p < 0.05) BW than CON. Pigs fed MTAF, AFP, and AFPA had smaller (p < 0.05) ADFI than CON. Pigs fed AFPA had higher (p < 0.05) aspartate aminotransferase than CON and MTAF. Pigs fed AFP and AFPA had higher (p < 0.05) alanine aminotransferase than CON. Pigs fed MTAF, AFP, and AFPA had lower (p < 0.05) urea nitrogen/creatinine than CON. Pigs fed AFPA had higher (p < 0.05) TNF-α than CON and MTAF. In conclusion, feeding an additional 2.5 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol or 0.19 mg/kg of aflatoxin with 8 mg/kg of fumonisins reduced the growth of pigs. Deoxynivalenol compromised the hepatic function of pigs. Phytobiotics with adsorbent could partly overcome the detrimental effects of mycotoxins.

scholarly journals Mitigative effect of Momordica cymbalaria fruit extract against sodium fluoride induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar male albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghavendra Mitta ◽  
Sushmitha Duddu ◽  
Raghuveer Yadav Pulala ◽  
Pradeepkumar Bhupalam ◽  
Venkatakirankumar Mandlem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I

AbstractObjectivesThe main objective of the present study is to evaluate the mitigative effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Momordica cymbalaria fruits against sodium fluoride (NaF) induced hepatotoxicity.MethodsIn this study, Wistar male albino rats were randomly divided into five groups of six rats each. Group I and II served as normal and toxic controls. Group III as plant control received extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg b. wt, p.o and Groups IV and V as treatment groups received extract at a dose 200 and 400 mg/kg b. wt, p.o for 30 days. All groups except Groups I and III received 100 ppm of NaF through drinking water. After completion of the study, blood collected for the estimation of liver blood serum biomarkers such as aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), direct and total bilirubin, total protein and albumin. The liver tissue homogenate was for estimation of lipid peroxidation, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels.ResultsThe results showed that NaF intoxication caused elevation of liver blood serum levels and lipid peroxidation; decreased levels of serum total protein, albumin and liver reduced glutathione, and catalase observed. The treatment groups showed decreased elevated serum biomarkers (ALT, AST, and ALP), liver lipid peroxidation and increased serum total protein and albumin, liver reduced glutathione and catalase levels in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological studies also further strongly supported for mitigative effects of the plant.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our findings of the study indicated that M. cymbalaria fruits were a potential drug candidate in the treatment of NaF induced hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals 281 Techniques to estimate colostrum quality and the effects of cow age and pre-partum supplement intake levels on colostrum quality and serum IgG levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 207-208
Author(s):  
Julia M Dafoe ◽  
Samuel Wyffels ◽  
Cory T Parsons ◽  
Boone Carter ◽  
Timothy DelCurto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Rapid City ◽  
Serum Igg Levels ◽  
Supplement Intake

Abstract Our study was conducted to evaluate the influence of cow age and supplement intake level during gestation on the quality of colostrum at calving, serum IgG levels of the cow at parturition, and serum IgG levels of the calf 3 days post-partum using two on-farm refractometer methods. Forty-five non-lactating multiparous Angus cows were selected from a contemporary group of 300 cows winter grazing northern mixed grass prairie rangelands with free choice protein supplement. Specifically, 15 first service bred cows were selected for each of the following treatment groups: 1) low supplement intake (&gt; -0.75 SD); 2) average supplement intake (± 0.50 SD); 3) high supplement intake (&gt; +0.75 SD). Supplement intakes were measured using 8 feeding stations in a SmartFeed Pro self-feeder system (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD) and measurements were obtained from d 164 to 215 of gestation. Cows were further divided by age comparing young (4, 5, and 6 yr) to old (7 and 8 yr). Cow age did not interact with supplement intake for any of the colostrum or blood serum measurements (P ≥ 0.29). In addition, cow age and supplement intake did not influence colostrum Brix %, calf serum total protein taken 3 d post-partum or cow serum total protein taken at birth (P ≥ 0.14). The optical refractometer was found to be a good alternative to the more expensive digital refractometer. When regressing values of the two techniques, they were observed to be correlated (P &lt; 0.01; R = .96). In summary, cow age and supplement intake levels of mature cows during the mid to late stages of gestation did not influence colostrum quality at birth. The lack of colostrum quality differences was likely due to the moderate to good condition of the cows and adequate nutrition 90 d prior to parturition.

Glycine and L-Arginine supplementation ameliorates gastro-duodenal toxicity in a rat model of NSAID (Diclofenac)-gastroenteropathy via inhibition of oxidative stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinleye Stephen Akinrinde ◽  
Halimot Olawalarami Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Significant Amelioration ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Objectives This study examined the possible protective roles of exogenous glycine (Gly) and L-Arginine (l-Arg) against Diclofenac (DIC)-induced gastro-duodenal damage in rats. Methods Rats were divided into Group A (control), Group B (DIC group) and Groups C–F which were pre-treated for five days with Gly1 (250 mg/kg), Gly2 (500 mg/kg), l-Arg1 (200 mg/kg) and l-Arg2 (400 mg/kg), respectively, before co-treatment with DIC for another three days. Hematological, biochemical and histopathological analyses were then carried out. Results DIC produced significant (p<0.05) reduction in PCV (13.82%), Hb (46.58%), RBC (30.53%), serum total protein (32.72%), albumin (28.44%) and globulin (38.01%) along with significant (p<0.05) elevation of serum MPO activity (83.30%), when compared with control. In addition, DIC increased gastric H2O2 and MDA levels by 33.93 and 48.59%, respectively, while the duodenal levels of the same parameters increased by 19.43 and 85.56%, respectively. Moreover, SOD, GPx and GST activities in the DIC group were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the stomach (21.12, 24.35 and 51.28%, respectively) and duodenum (30.59, 16.35 and 37.90%, respectively), compared to control. Treatment with Gly and l-Arg resulted in significant amelioration of the DIC-induced alterations although l-Arg produced better amelioration of RBC (29.78%), total protein (10.12%), albumin (9.93%) and MPO (65.01%), compared to the DIC group. The protective effects of both amino acids against oxidative stress parameters and histological lesions were largely similar. Conclusions The data from this study suggest that Gly or l-Arg prevented DIC-induced gastro-duodenal toxicity and might, therefore be useful in improving the therapeutic index of DIC.

scholarly journals Quality of colostral passive immunity and pattern of serum protein fluctuation in newborn calves

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Pauletti ◽  
Raul Machado Neto ◽  
Irineu Umberto Packer ◽  
Raul Dantas D'Arce ◽  
Rosana Bessi
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
High Level

Immunity acquired by newborn animals is known as passive immunity, and for ruminants, antibody acquisition depends on the ingestion and absorption of adequate amounts of immunoglobulins from colostrum. This study relates different initial levels of acquired passive protection and serum total protein (TP) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Serum immunoglobulin concentration and total protein were evaluated for female Holstein calves in the first sixty days of life. Animals were separated into three groups according to their initial level of passive immunity: group 1- animals with a low level of passive immunity (below 20 mg mL-1); group 2- animals with a medium level (between 20 and 30 mg mL-1), and group 3- animals with a high level (above 30 mg mL-1). Serum total protein was determined through the biuret method and IgG was determined by radial immunodiffusion. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized, split-plot statistical design. Fluctuation of the variables along the experimental period was determined through non-linear regression by the DUD method (PROC NLIN - Non Linear SAS). Animals with low antibody acquisition started to produce antibodies earlier, reflecting a compensatory synthesis. On the other hand, animals having adequate levels exhibited an extended period of immunoglobulin catabolism and the beginning of the endogenous phase was delayed. Regardless initial levels, the fluctuations in IgG contents occurred around adequate physiological concentrations, ranging from 20 to 25 mg mL-1.

scholarly journals Biological characterization of implant surfaces - in vitro study

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira Soares ◽  
Camilla Christian Gomes Moura ◽  
Huberth Alexandre da Rocha Júnior ◽  
Paula Dechichi ◽  
Darceny Zanetta-Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Trypan Blue Exclusion ◽  
Experimental Surface

<title>Abstract</title><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Evaluate the biological performance of titanium alloys grade IV under different surface treatments: sandblasting and double etching (Experimental surface 1; Exp1, NEODENT); surface with wettability increase (Experimental surface 2; Exp2, NEODENT) on response of preliminary differentiation and cell maturation.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and method</title><p>Immortalized osteoblast cells were plated on Exp1 and Exp2 titanium discs. The polystyrene plate surface without disc was used as control group (C). Cell viability was assessed by measuring mitochondrial activity (MTT) at 4 and 24 h (n = 5), cell attachment was performed using trypan blue exclusion within 4 hours (n = 5), serum total protein and alkaline phosphatase normalization was performed at 4, 7 and 14 days (n = 5). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test.</p></sec><sec><title>Result</title><p>The values of cell viability were: 4h: C– 0.32±0.01<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 0.34±0.08<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 0.29±0.03<sup>A</sup>. 24h: C– 0.43±0.02<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 0.39±0.01<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 0.37±0.03<sup>A</sup>. The cell adhesion counting was: C– 85±10<sup>A</sup>; Exp1- 35±5<sup>B</sup>; Exp2– 20±2<sup>B</sup>. The amounts of serum total protein were 4d: C– 40±2<sup>B</sup>; Exp1– 120±10<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 130±20<sup>A</sup>. 7d: C– 38±2<sup>B</sup>; Exp1– 75±4<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 70±6<sup>A</sup>. 14 d: C– 100±3<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 130±5<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 137±9<sup>A</sup>. The values of alkaline phosphatase normalization were: 4d: C– 2.0±0.1<sup>C</sup>; Exp1– 5.1±0.8<sup>B</sup>; Exp2– 9.8±2.0<sup>A</sup>. 7d: C– 1.0±0.01<sup>C</sup>; Exp1– 5.3±0.5<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 3.0±0.3<sup>B</sup>. 14 d: C– 4.1±0.3<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 4.4±0.8<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 2.2±0.2<sup>B</sup>. Different letters related to statistical differences.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The surfaces tested exhibit different behavior at dosage of alkaline phosphatase normalization showing that the Exp2 is more associated with induction of cell differentiation process and that Exp1 is more related to the mineralization process.</p></sec>

scholarly journals EXERCISE-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF TOTAL PROTEIN AND ITS FRACTIONS IN THE BLOOD OF HORSES INVOLVED IN RECREATIONAL HORSEBACK RIDING

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Halyna Tkachenko ◽  
Natalia Kurhaluk ◽  
Irina Tkachova
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Horseback Riding ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Biuret Method ◽  
G Ratio ◽  
Resting Period

The aim of the current study was to do the analysis of the total protein and its fraction in the blood samples of horses, which are involved in recreational horseback riding in the Pomeranian region (Pomeranian Voivodship, northern Poland). Thirteen healthy adult horses from the Pomeranian region in Poland (Strzelinko village, N54°30´48.0´´ E16°57´44.9´´), aged 9.5±2.4 years, including 5 Hucul ponies, 2 Thoroughbred horses, 2 Anglo-Arabian horses, and 4 horses of unknown breed, were used in the current study.Training started at 10:00 AM, lasted 1 hour, and consisted of a ride of cross country by the walking (5 min), the trotting (15 min), the walking (10 min), the trotting (10 min), the walking (5 min), the galloping (5 min), and the walking (10 min). Blood samples were taken from the jugular veins of the animals in the morning time, 90 minutes after feeding, while the horses were in the stables (between 8:30 and 10 AM), and immediately after the exercise session (between 11:00 AM and 2:00 PM). To obtain serum, the blood was collected in plain tubes without anticoagulants. Blood was stored in tubes with K3-EDTA and held on ice until centrifugation at 3,000g for 15 minutes. The plasma was removed.The total protein and its fractions were measured at +23°C by the biuret method with the use of commercially available reagents and a compact semi-automated analyzer RX Monza (Randox Laboratories LTD., UK) according to the procedures described by the manufacturer. The biuret method is the most widely used colorimetric method for the determination of the total protein concentration in serum because of its simplicity, precision, and accuracy. The absorbance of each sample was measured in duplicate.Results are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. All variables were tested for normal distribution using the Kholmogorov-Smirnov test (p>0.05). To find significant differences (significance level, p<0.05) between at the rest and after exercise, the Wilconson signed-rank test was applied to the data. All statistical analyses were performed using STATISTICA 8.0 software (StatSoft, Krakow, Poland). The total protein level in the blood of horses exhibited a non-significant increase (by 7.1%, p>0.05) immediately after exercise as compared to the resting period. Also, the albumin and globulin levels in the blood of horses were non-significantly increased by 5.9% (р>0.05) and 8.1% (р>0.05) after the training sessions. There were no significant differences in serum albumin/globulin ratio between the resting period and after exercise (0.997±0.09 vs. 0.977±0.08). The results of our current study showed that exercise has a statistically non-significant effect on the total proteins and their fractions in equine serum. The fractions and the A/G ratio were within the range of values obtained in horses in other studies. Thus, it was found that total protein and its fractions were increased in horses after training, and this increase was insignificant. This increase has a direct correlation with exercise. In this paper, it is shown that training can change the physiology and affect the biochemistry of hematobiochemical blood parameters in horses subjected to physical exertion.

scholarly journals Age – Related changes in serum biochemical parameters in the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
K. A. Adebisi
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Serum Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Domestic Rabbit ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Protein 4.2 ◽  
Pubertal Stages ◽  
Serum Biochemical

The influence of age on serum biochemical components in the domestic rabbit was investigated. The serum total protein (g/dL), albumin (g/dL), globulin (g/dL), creatinine (mg/dL), urea mg/dL, cholesterol (mg/dL), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP; iu/l), Aspartate aminotranferase (AST; iu/l) and Alanine amimotransferase (ALT; iu/l) were assessed in 24 male rabbits at 7, 14 and 21 weeks of age to represent weaners, growers and pubertal stages. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance at á . Results of 0.05 serum biochemistry revealed a steady significant increase in total protein (4.2±0.3; 5.3±0.5; 6.9±0.2), albumin (2.2±0.7; 2.8±0.4; 4.0±0.2), globulin (1.9±0.3; 2.5±0.4, 2.9±0.2), cholesterol (49.5±1.1; 56.4±4.2; 62.4±5.4) and creatinine (0.8±0.1; 1.2±0.1; 1.9±0.3) at 7, 14 and 21 weeks respectively. Serum urea levels were similar across the ages. The values recorded for ALP and AST at 7 weeks (39.6±7.5; 101.1±6.7) and 14 weeks (38.7±6.4; 104.5±8.7) were significantly higher than the 21 weeks (33.5±2.7; 95.8±5.9) while ALT at 7 weeks (27.33±5.6) was significantly lower than 14 (38.2±3.9) and 21 weeks (37.4±3.0). The age of the rabbits had a significant effect on their serum biochemical parameters. They should therefore be grouped according to age when setting serum reference values for them.

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