Can we distinguish between tree-ring eccentricity developed as a result of landsliding and prevailing winds? consequences for dendrochronological dating

Abstract The aim of our study was to compare patterns of tree-ring eccentricity developed in Norway spruce trees as a result of landsliding with the one caused by the prevailing wind (in 2 study sites), and with the normal growth of trees (in 2 reference sites). We sampled 20 trees per study site and 10 per reference site. Two cores were taken from each tree (120 cores in total) from the upslope and downslope, windward and leeward sides of stems. Ring widths measured on opposite sides of stems were compared using the method of percent eccentricity index. Graphs of the index obtained for individual trees were analysed. Statistical indicators were calculated for a percent eccentricity index. Disturbance events were dated and the response index was calculated. The results show that the patterns of eccentricity developed as a result of the prevailing winds and due to landsliding differ from one another and from the reference sites. The results suggest that the impact of the prevailing wind on tree growth is more severe than the impact of landsliding. The difference may result from the slow-moving character of the landslide under study. The results, however, indicate that wind impact should be taken into account in dendrogeomorphic research and that the impact of mass movements should be considered in dendroecological studies on wind.

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Revalidation of the Flipi Score in the Era of Immunotherapy.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v110.11.4437.4437 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 110 (11) ◽

pp. 4437-4437

Author(s):

German Stemmelin ◽

Carlos Doti ◽

Claudia Shanley ◽

Jose Ceresetto ◽

Oscar Rabinovich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

High Risk ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Marrow Transplant ◽

Intermediate Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

The One ◽

The Impact

Abstract The FLIPI prognosis score for follicular lymphoma (FL) was developed based on cases diagnosed between 1985 and 1992, and treated with different schemes that did not include rituximab (R). In the present study, we report the evolution of all FL treated in a single institution through the last decade and analize whether FLIPI mantains its effectiveness to identify different risk groups within patients treated with the new therapeutic alternatives available. Material and Methods: We identified sixty two patients with diagnosis of grade I-II-IIIa FL. Patients characteristics: median age 57.5 yr (r, 30–80); 36 males; 63% stages III–IV, and 37% with bone marrow infiltration at the time of diagnosis. Thirty eight percent had a low risk by FLIPI, 34% had an intermediate risk and 27.4% had a high risk. In 19 pts (30.6%) the initial decision was “watch and wait” but 82% received a form of treatment at some point. R was used in 36 pts (58%) with some of the following regimes: chemotherapy (chemo) + R and/or R as consolidation therapy and/or R as monotherapy and/or R as maintenance therapy. Of all prescribed treatments (excluding R as monotherapy and/or maintenance treatment), 52.8% were chemo alone, 20.2% chemo + R, 21.3% radiotherapy and 5.6% received a bone marrow transplant. Results: we considered the analysis of overall survival (OS) the most appropiate approach, since most treatments were seeking the control of the FL, and not the complete remission or cure. The follow up median time was 53.2 months ± 34.8 1SD. The 5-yr OS for the 62 pts was 81.8% ± 11.3 CI 95%. The 5-yr OS for those with a low, intermediate and high risk FLIPI was 100% −5, 84.2% ± 21 and 52% ±26.2, respectively. The difference in 5-yr OS was statistically significant between low and high risk, intermediate and high risk, but failed to prove a significant difference between low and intermediate risk. Among the different risk factors tested in a univariate analysis only age ≥ < 60 yr old demonstrated a significant difference, 60.7% vs 90%, respectively. Conclusions: The 5-yr OS in our series is higher than the one described in the original FLIPI study (Blood2004; 104:1258–65) which was 81.8% vs 71% for the whole group; 90% vs 78.1% for pts <60 yr old; 60.7% vs 57.7% for ≥ 60 yr old; 100% vs 90.6% for low FLIPI and 84.2% vs 77.6% for intermediate FLIPI. The only group that failed to prove an improvement was the high risk FLIPI with 52% vs 52.5%. The impact of novel therapies was more evident in patients with a low or intermediate FLIPI and was even more evident in patients younger than 60 yr old. According to our results, FLIPI maintains its effectiveness in differentiating two risk groups, i.e., low-intermediate vs high. We believe that the OS curves will probably continue to improve as the treatments that are considered today as the most effective ones, were just included in our series in the last three years.

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Directional Variability in Response of Pinus koraiensis Radial Growth to Climate Change

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12121684 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1684

Author(s):

Yingjie Sun ◽

Mark Henderson ◽

Binhui Liu ◽

Hong Yan

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Tree Ring ◽

Tree Growth ◽

Radial Growth ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Pinus Koraiensis ◽

Climate Trends ◽

The Difference ◽

Individual Scale ◽

Individual Trees

Climate change affects forest ecosystems at a variety of scales, from the composition of landscapes to the growth of individual trees. Research across regions and tree species has produced contradictory findings on the effects of climate variables on radial growth. Here, we examine tree ring samples taken from four directions of a tree to determine whether there is directional variability in tree growth in relation to climate trends. The results showed directional differences in the temporal growth processes of Pinus koraiensis, with more commonalities between the west and north directions and between the east and south directions. The contemporaneous June maximum temperature was the main climate factor associated with the difference between the growth of tree rings toward the east or west. Annual tree ring growth toward the east was more affected by the year’s temperature while growth toward the south was more sensitive to the year’s precipitation. Our research demonstrates that diverse response of tree growth to climate may exist at intra-individual scale. This contributes to understanding the sensitivity of tree growth to climate change at differ scales.

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Tourism and Hospitality Essentials (THE) Journal, Vol.II, No.2, 2012 - 315 PENGARUH SHOPPING DESTINATION STRATEGY TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN BERKUNJUNG DI WISATA BELANJA MALL (Studi Banding pada Pengunjung Wisata Belanja Mall Kota Bandung yang terdiri dari Mall Cihampelas Walk dan Mall Paris Van Java)

THE Journal : Tourism and Hospitality Essentials Journal ◽

10.17509/thej.v2i2.1940 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 315

Author(s):

Eva Mardiyana ◽

Lili Adi Wibowo ◽

Rini Andari

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Computer Software ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Stratified Random Sampling ◽

Shopping Malls ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

The Difference ◽

Tourism And Hospitality ◽

The One ◽

The Impact

Bandung is one of the main destinations as shopping malls tourism, such as Cihampelas Walk and Paris Van Java Mall. Cihampelas walk and Paris Van Java are not only providing places for family to do shopping, playing and culinary area. The presence of Cihampelas Walk and Paris Van Java Mall is expected to increase interest in visitors to visit the shopping malls in Bandung. But the lack of visitor’s interest to visit shopping malls in Bandung reflects a problem in shopping malls in Bandung so it needs some programs to increase visitor’s interest to visit by maximize the shopping destination strategy. This research objectives are to find out about the implemented shopping destination strategy, decision to visit, and the impact of shopping destination strategy to decision to visit and the difference of the implementation of shopping destination strategy to decision to visit in Cihampelas Walk and Paris Van Java Mall. The theory of shopping destination strategy is from Kotler and Armstrong. The research object is the visitors of Cihampelas Walk and Paris Van Java Mall. This research is using descriptive, comparative and verification research. The method is explanatory survey with stratified random sampling as sampling technique, 400 respondents (160 respondents in Cihampelas Walk and 240 respondents in Paris Van Java Mall). The data analysis technique is path analysis with SPSS 18 as the computer software. The data collection techniques are interviews, and questionnaire distribution. The finding of this research is there an impact of shopping destination strategy which consists of location, shopping venue design display layout on decision to visit. The dimension of shopping destination strategy which has the highest influence is shopping venue design and the one with the lowest influence is display layout. While the most appealing factor of decision to visit is the brand. Suggestion to these companies is to maximize its shopping destination strategy in order to increase the interest to visit shopping malls in Bandung.

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The Difference of Impact Strength in Acrylic Resin Self-Cured with the Addition of Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2) Nanoparticles

DENTA ◽

10.30649/denta.v12i1.167 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Widaningsih Widaningsih ◽

Annete Juwita ◽

Puguh Bayu Prabowo

Keyword(s):

Impact Strength ◽

Zirconium Dioxide ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Zro2 Nanoparticles ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Post Test ◽

The Difference ◽

The One ◽

The Impact

Background: Self-cured acrylic resin is a material used for repairing broken and fractured dentures. Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) is a reinforcing material that is being developed as an additive to the acrylic resin. Objective: to determine the effect of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) addition on self-cured acrylic resin on impact strength. Material and Methods: This study was a true experimental laboratory study with the design of a post-test only control group design, using 24 pieces of self-cured acrylic resin measuring 65 x 10 x 2.5 mm divided into 4 groups with and without zirconium addition dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles. Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles were silanized first by mixing the silane coupling agent. Furthermore, the impact strength was tested on the plate. The data obtained were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test. Results: there were significant differences in the impact strength between the groups with a significance value of 0,000 (p <0.05). Conclusion: there was a difference in the increase of impact strength in acrylic resin self-cured with the addition of ZrO2 nanoparticles concentrations of 3%, 5%, and 7%. Key words: Self cured acrylic resin, zirconium dioxide, impact strength Correspondence : Widaningsih, Department of Prosthodonti, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University, Arif Rahman Hakim 150, Sukolilo, Surabaya, Phone 0818312757, Email: <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>

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The vapor pressures and activities of dicarboxylic acids reconsidered: the impact of the physical state of the aerosol

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-10-11753-2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (23) ◽

pp. 11753-11767 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

V. Soonsin ◽

A. A. Zardini ◽

C. Marcolli ◽

A. Zuend ◽

U. K. Krieger

Keyword(s):

Vapor Pressure ◽

Physical State ◽

Dicarboxylic Acids ◽

Solid Material ◽

Pure Liquid ◽

Vapor Pressures ◽

Supercooled Melt ◽

The Difference ◽

The One ◽

The Impact

Abstract. We present vapor pressure data of the C2 to C5 dicarboxylic acids deduced from measured evaporation rates of single levitated particles as both, aqueous droplets and solid crystals. The data of aqueous solution particles over a wide concentration range allow us to directly calculate activities of the dicarboxylic acids and comparison of these activities with parameterizations reported in the literature. The data of the pure liquid state acids, i.e. the dicarboxylic acids in their supercooled melt state, exhibit no even-odd alternation in vapor pressure, while the acids in the solid form do. This observation is consistent with the known solubilities of the acids and our measured vapor pressures of the supercooled melt. Thus, the gas/particle partitioning of the different dicarboxylic acids in the atmosphere depends strongly on the physical state of the aerosol phase, the difference being largest for the even acids. Our results show also that, in general, measurements of vapor pressures of solid dicarboxylic acids may be compromised by the presence of polymorphic forms, crystalline structures with a high defect number, and/or solvent inclusions in the solid material, yielding a higher vapor pressure than the one of the thermodynamically stable crystalline form at the same temperature.

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Quantifying the Impact of the Covid-19 Lockdown Measures on Nitrogen Dioxide Levels throughout Europe

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12020131 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 131

Author(s):

Sverre Solberg ◽

Sam-Erik Walker ◽

Philipp Schneider ◽

Cristina Guerreiro

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Dioxide ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Measurement Data ◽

Additive Model ◽

Generalised Additive Model ◽

The Difference ◽

The One ◽

The Impact ◽

Good Agreement ◽

Model Approach

In this paper, the effect of the lockdown measures on nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in Europe is analysed by a statistical model approach based on a generalised additive model (GAM). The GAM is designed to find relationships between various meteorological parameters and temporal metrics (day of week, season, etc.) on the one hand and the level of pollutants on the other. The model is first trained on measurement data from almost 2000 monitoring stations during 2015–2019 and then applied to the same stations in 2020, providing predictions of expected concentrations in the absence of a lockdown. The difference between the modelled levels and the actual measurements from 2020 is used to calculate the impact of the lockdown measures adjusted for confounding effects, such as meteorology and temporal trends. The study is focused on April 2020, the month with the strongest reductions in NO2, as well as on the gradual recovery until the end of July. Significant differences between the countries are identified, with the largest NO2 reductions in Spain, France, Italy, Great Britain and Portugal and the smallest in eastern countries (Poland and Hungary). The model is found to perform best for urban and suburban sites. A comparison between the found relative changes in urban surface NO2 data during the lockdown and the corresponding changes in tropospheric vertical NO2 column density as observed by the TROPOMI instrument on Sentinel-5P revealed good agreement despite substantial differences in the observing method.

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Contribution of pandemic covid-19 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in China

(IJRE) International Journal of Research and Ethics (ISSN 2665-7481) ◽

10.51766/ijre.v3i1.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hajar BADA ◽

Mohamed LAHKIM ◽

Ahmed BELMOUDEN ◽

Nadia El Kadmiri

Keyword(s):

Ghg Emissions ◽

Chinese Economy ◽

Annual Number ◽

Chinese Government ◽

State Of Emergency ◽

The Difference ◽

The One ◽

The Impact

In order to respond to climate change, the Chinese government has committed to reduce the intensity of its national GHG emissions by 2020. In contrast to expectations, this year has seen an unexpected tragedy in the form of the corona virus epidemic. This virus, which belongs to the SARS-COV-2 family, has created a global turmoil and led to a record number of infections and deaths. In this situation, China took refuge as the first country to announce the appearance of the virus, resorted to quarantine in the absence of a vaccine against the virus, declared a state of emergency and then led to the shutdown of the Chinese economy. With the increase in the number of infections and deaths several study had analyzing the connection between economic growth and covid-19 or public health and covid-19, while this paper focuses on the impact of COVID-19 on air quality, specifically the concentration of GHGs in the air resulting from industrial activities by comparing GHGs emissions in 2020 and previous years on the one hand, on the other hand, by analyzing the difference between the annual number of deaths caused by pollution and those caused by the virus. This mini review highlights the effect of long-term exposure to pollutants and the high risk of infection by the virus, China is taken as a case study, which evaluates the impact of COVID-19 on the environment.

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Does Subway Station Proximity Spur Residential Development? Analyzing The Impact Of The Sheppard Subway Line On Housing Development In The City Of Toronto.

10.32920/14648502.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alyson Naseer

Keyword(s):

Residential Development ◽

Subway Station ◽

Dissemination Area ◽

The Difference ◽

Subway Stations ◽

Statistics Canada ◽

The One ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

This study examines the pace and scale of residential development within a 1-kilometer radius of subway stations along the Sheppard Subway line within the City of Toronto during the years 1991-2016. The dataset used for this study was obtained from Statistics Canada that contained data on the number of housing units per dissemination area within a 1-kilometer radius of a subway station in addition to several variables used for analysis. The difference- in-differences method was used, findings indicated insignificant results meaning the Sheppard Subway Line did not spur residential development at a rate faster than the one observed for the Sheppard West corridor. This was further proved by examining the pace of development during the pre-treated and post-treated period amongst both the treated and control groups, findings indicated that both groups received similar amounts of residential growth, such that the difference in residential construction between the two corridors was statistically insignificant.

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The Current Global Crisis: The Perils Of Economic Globalisation

International Journal of Management Studies ◽

10.32890/ijms.17.2010.10183 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Mahani Zainal Abidin

Keyword(s):

Global Economy ◽

Specific Factor ◽

Financial Systems ◽

The Third ◽

The Difference ◽

The One ◽

The Impact ◽

Dot Com ◽

Specific Country ◽

Economic Globalisation

The basic foundation of this crisis actually lies with the global economic system which is based on the globalisation of the economyand financial systems. That is the foundation of the current problem.However, if we actually look at the system, this crisis is not abouta specific country or specific factor. It is actually about the globalsystem which is based on the economic globalisation system. Thequestion that comes to mind with that statement is that, will thishappen again? In my opinion it will happen again. So, this is not the final crisis, and since it is not the first crisis, it will happen again. Based on the one that we had, let us get to the content. There will be three parts to this discussion. The first one is the causes of the crisis. The second one is the impact, and the third one is the future of the economic globalisation. Is the 2008 crisis a repeat of the 1998 crisis? In fact yes, and in between, the world has seen so many crises but the big crisis happen in 1932 when the whole world was in depression. Then, we have the present crisis. These are the two major crises that involved the whole world. In between we have many crises. For example in 1992, we had the Mexican crisis, in 1998 we had the Asian crisis, in 2001 we had dot com bubble crisis, and so forth. The difference between all the crises is the degree of the sovereignity. For some, it is restricted to some countries and some of it is regional. The only noticeable characteristic is that a crisis now occurs more often. Previously every 12 years, and then every 10 years. Now it is happening more often because the global economy is so integrated. So, if you look back and you see this pattern, this is what is going to happen.

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How Different Are Telephoning and Canvassing? Results from a ‘Get Out the Vote’ Field Experiment in the British 2005 General Election

British Journal of Political Science ◽

10.1017/s0007123408000288 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 565-574 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

PETER JOHN ◽

TESSA BRANNAN

Keyword(s):

Voter Turnout ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Positive Impact ◽

The United States ◽

Face To Face ◽

The Difference ◽

The One ◽

The Impact ◽

E Mail ◽

Get Out The Vote

Can the positive impact of non-partisan ‘Get Out the Vote’ (GOTV) campaigns be generalized to a variety of institutional and cultural contexts? Gerber, Green and colleagues tested for the effects of these campaigns in a series of pioneering field experiments, which show that a face-to-face contact from a non-partisan source, carried out by a field force calling at the homes of citizens seeking to persuade them to vote, can increase voter turnout. Further experiments find that telephoning has an impact ranging from ineffective to positive, depending on the nature of the call; and there are positive, if weaker, results for other forms of intervention, such as door postings and leafleting; none for e-mail; and weakly positive or null impacts from rote telephoning. Many of these results derive from single cases or from a limited number of research sites; however, the culmination of these findings allows political scientists to be confident of the impact and hierarchy of these interventions. Although GOTV studies of this kind cannot adjudicate authoritatively on theories of mobilization, the difference in impact between the types of intervention, in particular the greater success of personalized messages, implies that it is the personal and face-to-face basis of influence that has an effect, rather than the types of message received and the simple provision of information.So far most of this kind of research has been carried out in the United States, which means that, even with its variety of groups and locations, the range of variation in the institutional frameworks and social conditions is limited to the one-country case.

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