scholarly journals Artificial, cheap, fake: Free associations as a research method for outdoor billboard advertising and visual pollution

Human Affairs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-268
Author(s):  
Marek Urban ◽  
Dany Josué Vigil Avilés ◽  
Miloš Bojović ◽  
Kamila Urban
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Free Association ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Domestic Students ◽  
Female Stereotypes ◽  
Billboard Advertising

AbstractThe free association method is often employed in marketing research to investigate perceptions of a particular product or brand in different socio-cultural groups of customers. In our research, international and domestic students produced free associations in response to photographs of outdoor billboards from two different locations in one city (city centre and outskirts). The results indicate that free associations can depict qualitative aspects of outdoor billboards like poor quality (relating to the categories of amateurish and fake), problematic content (relating to female stereotypes, gender stereotypes and cultural differences), and that they have the potential to capture the general atmosphere of the neighbourhood (categories of decay, depression, danger and past).

Holivudo Kultūros atspindžiai tarpukario Lietuvos periodikoje

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-180
Author(s):  
Gabija Bankauskaitė ◽  
Aistė Kikilaitė
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Sexual Revolution ◽  
Young Girls ◽  
Male Stereotypes ◽  
Female Stereotypes ◽  
Individual Needs ◽  
Critical Situations

This article gives an overview of modern American society’s impact on the culture of interwar Lithuania; it studies how Hollywood formed Lithuanian gender stereotypes, reflected in periodicals and advertisements (1918–1940). The influence of Hollywood culture on interwar Lithuanian stereotypes has not been studied thoroughly. This work analyses the stereotypes found in selected periodicals by using gender stereotype theories and illustrating them with photographs and excerpts. One of the most popular interwar Lithuanian female stereotypes was based on the Hollywood idol Greta Garbo. She created a stereotype of a cruel, self-confident, modern woman. This article also discusses the Hollywood-based body cult, which became a goal for many Lithuanian women. After the analysis of advertisements, another tendency was noticed – young girls’ desire to become famous. Hollywood also formed three different male stereotypes: the caveman, the womanizer, and the gentleman. These modern stereotypes stand in contradiction with traditional manly virtues, they emphasize compassion and empathy, which are very important in critical situations. During the study, it was determined that Hollywood culture’s stereotypes began a sexual revolution. These stereotypes altered the concept of a traditional relationship through Lithuanian periodicals – it became much more open and oriented towards satisfying individual needs.

scholarly journals The Attractiveness of a City-Centre Shopping Environment: Older Consumers’ Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Maija Kohijoki ◽  
Katri Koistinen
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Urban Nature ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Older Consumers ◽  
Focus Group Research ◽  
Group Research ◽  
Customer Segment ◽  
The City

Older consumers represent an increasingly significant customer segment for city-centre retailers. However, many intraurban centres are struggling to maintain an attractive shopping environment. This article focuses on older consumers’ (Finns, aged 64+) perceptions of the city centre with an emphasis on design and ambient elements in the external shopping environment. Using the focus-group research method, the aim is to identify what kind of elements these are and how they constitute an attractive city-centre shopping environment for older consumers. Findings from a qualitative content analysis show that an attractive city-centre shopping environment provides convenience and safety when moving around and running errands, functional and aesthetic lighting to cope with shopping, proper furnishings regarding places to rest, harmonious building architecture integrated with refreshing urban nature, and the cleanliness of the streetscape. Findings indicate that a city-centre shopping environment offers more to older consumers than a context of satisfying consumption needs. City shopping gives a reason to go outdoors and maintain social contacts. The study has implications for creating an age-friendly city centre, the shopping environment which supports older consumers’ active and independent lives.

scholarly journals Variables Affecting the Retention Intentions of Students in Higher Education Institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-382
Author(s):  
Matti Haverila ◽  
Kai Haverila ◽  
Caitlin McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Study Skills ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Domestic Students ◽  
Retention Strategies ◽  
College Life ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
And Performance

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between domestic and international students with regards to the variables affecting students’ retention intentions. Altogether, 15 variables related to retention intentions were examined and significant differences were found in six of these variables. Variables related to personal issues (e.g., medical or family difficulties) were of equal importance to both groups, while the importance of institution and performance-centric variables differed between the groups. Social integration, ineffective study skills, difficulty adjusting to college life, poor extracurricular activities, and poor housing arrangements were perceived to be significantly more important by international students, while poor quality of instruction was perceived to be significantly more important by domestic students. Thus, international and domestic students require different retention strategies on the part of the institution.

A review of neuromarketing origins as a new marketing research method

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-50
Author(s):  
Yahia Mouammine ◽  
Hassan Azdimousa
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Business World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Behavior Observations

We give a literature review of neuromarketing and the origins of its emergence as a new marketing research method. We attempted to establish a general descriptive summary of relevant literature that stresses the definition of neuromarketing as a new marketing discipline and retraces its origins and foundations since and before the advent of neuroeconomics, as the latter is considered to be a precursor. The purpose of this paper is to define what neuromarketing is from the point of view of academics and practitioners, how and when it started to chart its path into academia and the business world, by drawing attention to the ever first attempts to use uncommon neuroscience tools to assess consumer’s behavior. This paper draws a timeline of neuromarketing origins and a summary of the first attempts of consumer’s behavior observations, which relied on neural and physiological responses.

scholarly journals Research on Consumers' Brain Activations by Means of Electroencephalography Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmut Tekin ◽  
Dr. A.Selçuk Köylüoğlu ◽  
Lect. Özdal Koyuncuoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Purchasing Behavior ◽  
Confidential Information ◽  
Cost And Benefit ◽  
The Cost

Marketers are excited about two main reasons that are concerned with neuroelectrical brain imaging. The first reason is that they expect neuroimaging will offer a more efficient exchange between cost and benefit. This expectation is based on the assumption that consumers don’t want to express their preferences explicitly or that it is not possible for them to do this when their preferences are asked; or that consumer' s brain, which is related to real preferences, contains confidential information. Such information is used in theory to influence purchasing behavior. Thus, the cost of performing neuroimaging studies against improved product design and increased sales benefit is outweigh. As the second reason, marketers expect that they will be able to obtain an accurate marketing research method that can be applied even before an existing product. The purpose of this study is to determine the rational influence activation of consumers and to emphasize the deficiency of using traditional method of questionnaire based solely on declaration to understand consumers. Accordingly, volunteer subjects watched an advertisement film and their brain activities were tried to be measured while they were watching the advertisement. This measurement was performed with a 10 channel EEG device. During the research, the emotional responses of participants and their brain activities were measured and EEG patterns were obtained. The obtained data were interpreted by academicians and EEG experts.

scholarly journals Stereotip Gender dan Dominasi Kapitalis dalam Iklan Televisi suatu Analisis Wacana Kritis Terhadap Iklan Televisi Citra Korporasi Gudang Garam di Bulan Ramadhan

Humaniora ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Bhernadetta Pravita Wahyuningtyas ◽  
Endang Setiowati
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Corporate Advertising ◽  
Analysis Theory ◽  
A Company

Advertising has many purposes including the formation of consciousness, creating the image of the product or brand, forming positive associations and encouraging consumer behavior. Basically, the purpose of advertising is to achieve economic hegemony of the producers of goods or service advertised. Ads are increasingly being used for the benefit of the capitalists. Corporate advertising researchers usually discuss the effects of advertising on the form of company image only. But this research is not going to reveal about the image of a company that advertised, but about the creator ideology behind the creation of a corporate Advertising. The corporate Ads examined in this study is a series of Gudang Garam corporate advertisement which consists of two ads that aired on television every Ramadan. The research method used is French critical discourse analysis and analytical method of Sara Mill. This study uses substantive theoretical framework such as hegemony, ideology, patriarchy, and Marxist feminism and the discourse analysis theory from Michael Foucault and semiotic theory of Roland Barthes. The results of this  study showed that the ideology of the ad creator which is very patriarchal makes the text of the Gudang Garam corporate ads aired on all television stations every Ramadan, was laden with the existence of gender stereotypes. 

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS KONSELING KELOMPOK RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY UNTUK MEMINIMALISIR TINGKAT PERGAULAN BEBAS SISWA KELAS XI AKUTANSI SMK 17 AGUSTUS 1945 MUNCAR

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiliana Eka Fratiwi ◽  
(Prosiding Seminar Nasional FKIP Univeristas PGRI Banyuwangi
Keyword(s):  
Group Counseling ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Free Association ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Techniques ◽  
Collection Methods

The existence of problems that occur ie free association in students. researchers provide solutions in tackling and minimizing high promiscuity. Using the REBT group counseling method, this method is very effective in addressing existing problems. The advantages of this REBT group counseling method is that REBT approach is clear and easy to understand, REBT approach can be easily combined with behavioral techniques, REBT approach is relatively short, this approach has become a lot of literature and research. The research method used is quantitative research method with the steps include population research, sampling, research design, research procedures, research variables and devinisi variables, data collection methods and instruments, methods of data analysis.

De Imitation Game als blikopener

KWALON ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rik Wehrens
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Imitation Game ◽  
Qualitative Research Method ◽  
Game Forms

The Imitation Game as a ‘tin opener’: practice experiences with patients with an eating disorder and their therapists In this article the Imitation Game is introduced as a new qualitative research method. The Imitation Game method allows for an investigation into the extent to which various social and cultural groups are able to develop insights into each other’s lifeworld. I explain the procedure and application of the method on the basis of an example. The pilot study shows that the Imitation Game forms an interesting addition to the existing repertoire of qualitative research methods.

Relationship between Gender Stereotypes and Anxiety and the Effects on Negotiation Performance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Oppedisano
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Negotiation Performance ◽  
Female Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Dyads ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Women with comparable education and experience typically negotiate significantly lower starting salaries and subsequent raises than their male counterparts. The purpose of this study is to further investigate gender differences in negotiation performance by examining the link between stereotype threat and anxiety. Stereotype threat occurs in situations that invoke stereotype-based expectations for poor performance; because men typically enjoy a positive stereotype advantage in negotiation settings (where effective negotiators are believed to be assertive, rational, constructive, effective and decisive), they typically outperform women. Recent work by Kray, Galinsky & Thomas (2001) observed in mix-gender dyads that redefining female stereotypes as positive or enhancing to negotiating, women actually outperformed their male counterparts. To further understand the underlying mechanisms behind these findings, the current ongoing study compares levels of anxiety and negotiation performance under three experimental conditions that differ in terms of engendering stereotype threat.

SELECTED ASPECTS OF INNOVATION IMPLEMENTATION IN HOTELS FROM OPOLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
Daniel Puciato ◽  
Gracjana Pławiak
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Innovation Implementation ◽  
Main Obstacle ◽  
Main Research

The aim of the article is to assess the innovation of the Opole hotel market. The main research method was a diagnostic survey, a questionnaire technique. The research was carried out from April to May 2016. The research was carried out on owners or managers 12 out of 13 hotels located in Opole. Almost 70% of hotels located in Opole have implemented at least one innovation in the last year. The most commonly implemented type were marketing innovations, and the most important source of their financing – own funds. The ability to anticipate changes in the environment, creativity, growing competition and changing preferences of guests are the most important factors stimulating the development of innovation in the Opole hotel market. The main obstacle to this development, however, was limited financial resources. Implemented innovations were usually a consequence of conducting marketing research or generating ideas by employees. The respondents usually also highly rated the level of innovation of their hotels.

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