Spray Drying of Karkade (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Calyces and Evaluation of the Product

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel Moneim Sulieman
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Powder Samples ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
Spray Dried

Abstract Karkade calyces’ samples (variety Rahad) collected from different local sites were spray dried, and the powder samples were analyzed physically, chemically and microbiologically. The particle size of the various karkade powder samples ranged from 11.8 to 14.1 μm, while the flowability (angle of repose) ranged from 41° to 43° 20′. The reconstitution properties slightly varied when the various karkade samples were compared. The ranges of wettability, sinkability and dispersibility were 320–370 s, 800–850 s and 0.04–0.05 OD, respectively. The bulk density ranged from 0.57 to 0.65 g/ml, and the yield of karkade powder of the various samples ranged between 31.4 and 34.3%. The spray-dried samples from different sites were comparable in most of the chemical components, and they contained relatively good amount of macro- and micronutrients and high nutritive value. Virtually, all the spray-dried karkade powder samples were devoid of coliform, staphylococci and Salmonella cells.

scholarly journals Effect of Inlet Air Temperature on the Properties of Spray Dried San-sakng (Albertisia papuana Becc.) Leaf

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1245-1249
Author(s):  
Eva Mayasari ◽  
Satrijo Saloko ◽  
Oke Anandika Lestari ◽  
Maria Ulfa
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Umami Taste ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Spray Dried

Free glutamic acid is a flavor enhancer compound that provided umami taste. San-sakng (Albertisia papuana Becc.) leaf has been used as a seasoning in the Dayaks tribe, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The aim of this study was evaluated the effect of different drying inlet air temperature on physico-chemical of the spray dried san-sakng leaf. San-sakng leaf powders was produced using spray drying and maltodextrin as raw material. Completely randomized design was used with one factor, namely drying inlet air temperature on the spray drying process (130°C, 140°C, and 150°C). The results showed that moisture, solubility, bulk density, particle size, and encapsulation efficiency on the San-sakng leaf powders presented significantly affected by the drying inlet air temperature. Increasing inlet air temperature led to reduced moisture, bulk density, and particle size, whereas enhancing the solubility and encapsulation efficiency.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM USING HERBAL MEDICINE TO TREAT ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

2019 ◽  
pp. 202-210
Author(s):  
RAMA RAO NADENDLA ◽  
LAKSHMI SWAPNA SAI ◽  
NIHITHA SANKA ◽  
SANTHI PRIYA NAGAM
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Herbal Formulation ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Novel Drug Delivery System ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Spray Dried

Objective: The present study was focused to design an herbal formulation for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) to develop the formulation using various techniques such as spray drying, centrifugation, and lyophilization and to conduct behavioral studies to evaluate the activity of the herbal formulation. Methods: Formulation contains herbal extracts such as curcumin, guggul, and ashwagandha. To develop this formulation, various techniques such as spray drying, centrifugation, and lyophilization were employed along with a natural polymer chitosan in various combinations of excipient. Preformulation studies such as solubility of herbal extracts and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) studies for compatibility of the natural polymer with herbal extracts were studied. The formulation was characterized by tests such as particle size determination using optical microscopy, surface morphological evaluation using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and behavioral testing by Morris water maze test using diazepam-induced amnesia method. Results: The particle size varied from 12.27 μ for normal chitosan to 3.59 μ for spray-dried chitosan. In the same way, the particle of normal formulation (12.9 μ) was about 4–5 times larger than that of spray-dried formulation (2.7 μ). The SEM images showed no proper morphology for chitosan, round surface with wrinkles for spray-dried chitosan, improper structures for normal formulation, and rounded smooth surface for spray-dried formulation. Significant p value was shown when the spray-dried test formulation was tested using diazepam-induced amnesia method. The transfer latency was noted on the 8th day and after 24 h of intraperitoneal administration of diazepam for the test group. Conclusion: In the present research study, an attempt was made to design and develop a novel drug delivery system using herbal medicine to treat AD. FT-IR compatibility study was carried out using the selected polymer and the herbal extracts using novel spray-drying techniques; behavioral studies were also done.

Synthesis of Nd2Fe14B powders by spray-drying and reduction–diffusion processes

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1083-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. L. Dong ◽  
B. K. Kim ◽  
C. J. Choi ◽  
K. S. Park ◽  
Z. D. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Liquid Solution ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Mechanochemical Method ◽  
Precursor Powders ◽  
Spray Dried

The magnetic Nd–Fe–B powders were prepared by a mechanochemical method, including the processes of spray drying, debinding, milling, H2 reduction, Ca reduction, and washing. The liquid solution dissolved with various metal salts was first spray-dried to prepare the precursor powders having uniformly dispersed Nd, Fe, and B components. The precursor powders in turn were subjected to the subsequent processes. The particle size of the resultant Nd–Fe–B powders was about 1 μm. Effects of the process parameters on phases, morphologies, microstructures, compositions, and thermal properties of the powders were investigated.

scholarly journals Particle size and physical characteristic of corn milling results using hammer mill as poultry feed ingredients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-302
Author(s):  
Mustakin ◽  
Sri Purwanti ◽  
Jasmal A Syamsu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Machine Performance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Difference

Feed ingredients used in poultry feed, generally require size reduction before being used in mixing rations, such as corn. The process of reducing the size of corn is the initial process that must be carried out for ration production. The machine that is commonly used to reduce the size is the hammer mill. This study aims to determine the particle size and physical characteristics of corn as a poultry feed ingredient by grinding using a hammer mill. The study was arranged using a completely randomized design with four treatments of amount of corn milled with three replications. The treatments were P1 = 5 kg, P2 = 10 kg, P3 = 15 kg, and P4 = 20 kg. Parameters observed were particle size and degree of fineness of milled results, bulk density, and specific gravity, angle of repose, capacity and efficiency of hammer mill machine performance. The results showed that the largest particle size was P4 at 3.167 mm with a fineness degree of 4.927 and the smallest particle size was P1 at 2.810 mm with a fineness degree of 4.756. Overall, the category of corn milling results using a hammer mill is the category of coarse milling results. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the amount of corn milled treatment had no significant effect on the angle of repose, specific gravity and bulk density of corn milled using a hammer mill. The difference in the number of milled corn does not affect the difference in the particle size of the corn produced from the milling results, so it does not affect the angle of repose, specific gravity and bulk density.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic atomizing-assisted spray drying: Effect on the quality of skimmed milk powders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchuan Wang ◽  
Ying Cui ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Ultrasonic Atomization ◽  
Atomization Spray ◽  
L Value ◽  
Skimmed Milk ◽  
Spray Dried

Skimmed milk powders (SMP) were produced by ultrasonic atomizing-assisted spray drying (UASD). It was found that UASD can produce high quality SMP (with < 5% moisture content and < 2% insolubility) at lower inlet temperatures (~130℃). The particle size of the UASD-SMP was 10 times smaller (decreased from ~20 µm to 4 µm) than the tranditionally spray-dried SMP and the color appeal of UASD-SMP was also better (L* value increased by > 6 %). Overall, this research shown that UASD can be used to produce small particle size and high quality SMP. Keywords: Skimmed milk powder; ultrasonic atomization; spray dryer; particle size distribution; color  

Characterization of Hazelnut Milk Powders: A Comparison of Spray-Drying and Freeze-Drying

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (11-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ertan Ermis ◽  
Kübra Özkan Güner ◽  
Mustafa Tahsin Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Residual Moisture ◽  
Hausner Ratio ◽  
Powder Samples ◽  
Supporting Material

Abstract Production of hazelnut milk powder (HMP) was investigated using maltodextrin (MD) as supporting material. Spray-drying and freeze-drying techniques were used to obtain the powder material. MD was added at concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% (w/w) prior to drying. The powder properties were evaluated by determining flowing properties (Hausner ratio and angle of repose), thermal behaviour using DSC, molecular properties using FTIR, solubility and zeta potential. Hausner Ratio for both spray dried (SDHMP) and freze-dried (FDHMP) samples varied from 1.30 to 1.64 corresponding to very poor flow. The FDHM powder samples exhibited slightly lower Hausner Ratio values than SDHM powders. FTIR spectras showed that both SDHM and FDHM exhibited similar absorbance characteristics with slight differences. Lower endothermic transition temperatures were recorded from FDHMP when compared to SDHMP. The solubility in water for both powder samples ranged from 20 to 65 % depending on the drying method and MD content. Based on the residual moisture content, water activity, solubility and flowability, spray drying process was found to produce better quality powders compared to freeze drying process.

Diastase Activity Retention and Physical Properties of Honey/Arabic Gum Mixtures After Spray Drying and Storage

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Samborska ◽  
Aleksandra Wasilewska ◽  
Ewa Gondek ◽  
Ewa Jakubczyk ◽  
Anna Kamińska-Dwórznicka
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Arabic Gum ◽  
Particle Size Increase ◽  
Size And Morphology

Abstract The effect of heat treatment (75 °C) and spray drying with the addition of Arabic gum (inlet/outlet air temperature 180/75 °C), on the diastase activity of multifloral honey (MH) and rape honey (RH) was investigated. The physical properties of the powders (particle size and morphology, water content and activity, bulk loose and tapped density, angle of repose, hygroscopicity) directly after drying and after 12 weeks of storage were studied. During heat treatment, diastase activity decreased gradually, to decline below limit values after 180 min. Diastase activity in the powders was lower than in fresh honeys, but it was concluded that temperature was not the only factor affecting this decrease. Powders were characterized by low water content and medium flowability, which was improved after storage due to particle size increase. Diastase activity in powders was stable during storage.

Effect of Formulations and Spray Drying Process Conditions on Physical Properties of Resveratrol Spray-Dried Emulsions

2019 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 246-251
Author(s):  
Pontip Benjasirimongkol ◽  
Suchada Piriyaprasarth ◽  
Pornsak Sriamornsak
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Spray Dried

Spray-dried emulsion is one of the useful strategies to enhance dissolution properties of poorly water-soluble drug for example resveratrol. Physical properties i.e. particle size and moisture content of spray-dried emulsions could affect their quality attributes. In this study, Box-Behnken design was performed in order to determine effect of formulation and spray drying condition parameters i.e. feed rate on responses including particle size and moisture content of resveratrol spray-dried emulsions. The spray-dried emulsions were prepared by varying content of low-methoxyl pectin (LMP) and caprylic/capric glycerides (CCG) and sprayed at different feed rate. Box-Behnken design results reveled that the particle size of spray-dried emulsions was significantly influenced by the content of LMP, interactions between LMP and CCG, interactions between LMP and feed rate. LMP content showed positive relationships with the particle size. The content of CCG had negative significantly effect on moisture content of the spray-dried emulsion. Mathematical models describing the relationships between studied parameters and responses provided good predictability. Based on model, the optimal formulation was prepared using 2.6% w/w of LMP, 9% w/w of CCG, and feed rate of 6.8 mL/min and the small particle size (~5.9 μm) and low moisture content (~5.6%) were obtained. The spray-dried emulsions were successfully prepared with satisfy quality. The Box-Behnken design would be an effective tool to elucidate influence of formulation and spray drying conditions on particle size and moisture content of the spray-dried emulsions. Further, the design aided in developing and optimizing the spray-dried emulsions with specified quality.

scholarly journals Process Optimization and Upscaling of Spray-Dried Drug-Amino acid Co-Amorphous Formulations

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Kasten ◽  
Íris Duarte ◽  
Maria Paisana ◽  
Korbinian Löbmann ◽  
Thomas Rades ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Drying Chamber

The feasibility of upscaling the formulation of co-amorphous indomethacin-lysine from lab-scale to pilot-scale spray drying was investigated. A 22 full factorial design of experiments (DoE) was employed at lab scale. The atomization gas flow rate (Fatom, from 0.5 to 1.4 kg/h) and outlet temperature (Tout, from 55 to 75 °C) were chosen as the critical process parameters. The obtained amorphization, glass transition temperature, bulk density, yield, and particle size distribution were chosen as the critical quality attributes. In general, the model showed low Fatom and high Tout to be beneficial for the desired product characteristics (a co-amorphous formulation with a low bulk density, high yield, and small particle size). In addition, only a low Fatom and high Tout led to the desired complete co-amorphization, while a minor residual crystallinity was observed with the other combinations of Fatom and Tout. Finally, upscaling to a pilot scale spray dryer was carried out based on the DoE results; however, the drying gas flow rate and the feed flow rate were adjusted to account for the different drying chamber geometries. An increased likelihood to achieve complete amorphization, because of the extended drying chamber, and hence an increased residence time of the droplets in the drying gas, was found in the pilot scale, confirming the feasibility of upscaling spray drying as a production technique for co-amorphous systems.

scholarly journals Optimization of Spray-Drying Process of Jerusalem artichoke Extract for Inulin Production

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1674
Author(s):  
Zhenzhou Zhu ◽  
Mailing Wu ◽  
Jie Cai ◽  
Shuyi Li ◽  
Krystian Marszałek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Spray Dried

Jerusalem artichoke is an important natural matrix for inulin production. In this experiment, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the spray-drying parameters in order to determine the maximal inulin yield. For this study, three independent variables (heating temperature (Tª, 110–120 °C), creep speed (V, 18–22 rpm) and pressure (P, 0.02–0.04 MPa)) were used in the experimental design. Using the Box–Behnken design, the optimal parameters obtained were: drying temperature 114.6 °C, creep speed 20.02 rpm, and pressure: 0.03 MPa. The inulin yield, water content and particle size of inulin obtained by spray-drying and freeze-drying were compared. In this regard, the spray-dried inulin consisted of a white powder having a fine particle size, and the freeze-dried inulin had a pale-yellow fluffy floc. On the other hand, the drying methods had a great influence on the appearance and internal structure of inulin powder, since the spray-dried inulin had a complete and uniform shape and size, whereas the freeze-dried inulin had a flocculated sheet structure. The analysis showed that the spray-drying led to a higher inulin yield, lower water content and better surface structure than freeze-drying.

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