scholarly journals Administration of valine, leucine, and isoleucine improved plasma cholesterol and mitigated the preatherosclerotic lesions in rats fed with hypercholesterolemic diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Simona Ifrim ◽  
Cornelia Amalinei ◽  
Elena Cojocaru ◽  
Mioara Calipsoana Matei
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Internal Elastic Lamina ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Hypercholesterolemia has a major contribution to the occurrence and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Recent studies report the involvement of branched-chain amino acids in cholesterol methabolism. The aim of this research was to evaluate the role of valine, leucine and isoleucine on the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis in rats receiving hypercholesterolic diet. Material and methods: 50 male Wistar rats distributed into five groups with the following type of diets: group I (control) received standard diet; group II - cholesterol; group III - cholesterol and valine; group IV - cholesterol and leucine; group V - cholesterol and isoleucine. The experimental study was conducted over a period of 2 months. The animals were evaluated for the serum levels of total cholesterol at the beginning of the experiment, after 1 month and after 2 months. The collected tissue fragments of heart and aorta were prepared for the examination by optical microscopy in order to identify the atherosclerotic changes. Results: The most increased values of serum cholesterol were recorded in rats from group II (p=0.001), for the second and third evaluation. The histological examination showed early histopathological lesions on the vascular intima for the groups treated with cholesterol, valine, leucine, and isoleucine. These early changes (the occurrence of some superficial endothelial erosions, adhesion of erythrocytes and platelets) were correlated with the degree of the arterial wall damage, of the leukocytes adhesion to the arterial intima, and the discontinuities of the internal elastic lamina. Conclusion: The comparative study of the effects of the three essential amino acids revealed that valine induced a faster response than leucine and isoleucine on the improvement of biochemical parameters, but there were no significant differences between the three amino acids in terms of their protective ability, demonstrated by the histopathological lesion assessment.

scholarly journals Hypolipemiant Actions and Possible Cardioprotective Effects of Valine and Leucine: An Experimental Study

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Elena Cojocaru ◽  
Maria Magdalena Leon-Constantin ◽  
Carmen Ungureanu ◽  
Mioara Florentina Trandafirescu ◽  
Alexandra Maștaleru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background and Objectives: Considering atherosclerosis as one of the more challenging threats to healthcare worldwide, any novel therapy that counteracts the risks for developing it, provides new opportunities for the management of this process. Material and methods: We performed an experimental research in which we induced a hypercholesterolemia via a cholesterol-rich diet. Our aim was to demonstrate the antiatherogenic potential of two essential amino acids (valine and leucine). The experimental study was carried out over a period of 60 days. Male Wistar rats weighing between 250–280 g were used and divided into 4 groups, each group including 8 animals. Group I—control was fed with a standard diet. Group II received cholesterol, group III cholesterol and valine and group IV cholesterol and leucine. Blood samples were collected from the retro-orbital plexus, under anesthesia with 75 mg/kg of intraperitoneal ketamine, in three different moments (R0—1st day, R1—the 30th day, R2—the 60th day) in order to measure the levels of triglycerides. Results: In R0, there were no significant differences between the average levels of triglycerides across all the groups (p < 0.05). Compared to the group I, in R1 and R2, the average levels of triglycerides were significantly higher in all groups (p < 0.001). Also, in R1 and R2, the average triglycerides in group II receiving cholesterol (C) were significantly higher than those in group III receiving valine (C + V) as well as in group IV receiving leucine (C + L) (p < 0.001; p < 0.05). In R2, the average triglycerides in group III were significantly lower than in group IV (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our data provides evidence that valine and leucine have a direct impact on the lipid metabolism parameters by lowering the level of triglycerides. The comparison of the two essential amino acids indicates that valine acts more promptly and rapidly than leucine.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity of a New Tablets Formulation fromTamarindus indicaL.

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Rafael Rodriguez Amado ◽  
Ariadna Lafourcade Prada ◽  
Julio Cesar Escalona Arranz ◽  
Renato Pérez Rosés ◽  
Humberto Morris Quevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group I

Hepatotoxic chemicals damage liver cells primarily by producing reactive oxygen species. The decoction of the leaves ofTamarindus indicaL. is used for liver disorders. In this work we evaluated the hepatoprotective activity of a tablet formulation of this plant. Thirty-five Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=7). First group (I) is control group, fed with standard diet. Groups II to V (hepatotoxic groups) were subjected to a subcutaneous injection of CCl4(0.5 mL/kg). Group II was negative control, fed with standard diet; group III was subjected to administration of Silymarin 150 mg/kg and groups IV and V were treated with tablets in dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Lipid peroxidation and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione were evaluated. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and a lipid profile were evaluated too. The tablets inhibit lipid peroxidation. The redox balance (SOD-CAT-GSH) remains normal in the experimental groups treated with tablets. The liver function using dose of 200 mg/kg of tablets was better than the other experimental groups. These results justify, scientifically, the ethnobotanical use of the leaves ofTamarindus indicaL.

scholarly journals Dose dependency of the effect of ornithine α-ketoglutarate on tissue glutamine concentrations and hypercatabolic response in endotoxaemic rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Pernet ◽  
Colette Coudray-Lucas ◽  
Christina Schneid ◽  
Alain Jardel ◽  
Luc Cynober
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Total N ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Dose Ranging ◽  
Spearman Test

The optimal dosage of ornithine α-ketoglutarate (OKG) for repleting tissue glutamine (Gln) concentrations and maintaining N homeostasis after injury is unknown. We set out to perform ‘dose-ranging’ of OKG supplementation after an endotoxaemic challenge. Sixty-one male Wistar rats were injected with 3 mg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli/kg (n 50) or saline vehicle (9 g NaCl/l; controls n 11). After a 24 h fast, survivors were fed by gavage for 48 h with a polymeric standard diet (879 kJ/kg per d and 1·18 g N/kg per d) supplemented with non-essential amino acids (control, n 11; LPS-OKG-0·0, n 9), or with 0·5 g OKG/kg per d (LPS-OKG-0·5, n 12), 1·5 OKG/kg per d (LPS-OKG-1.5, n 11) or 4·5 g OKG/kg per d (LPS-OKG-4·5, n 10). The diets for all groups were made isonitrogenous with the LPS-OKG-4·5 diet by adding an appropriate amount of non-essential amino acids. Rats were killed on day 3 for blood and tissue sampling (muscle, jejunum mucosa, liver). Urine was collected daily for 3-methylhistidine and total N assays. The OKG dose was correlated with Gln concentrations in every tissue and with cumulative N balance (Spearman test, P<0·01). 3-Methylhistidine excretion was increased in endotoxaemic groups compared with controls (ANOVA, P<0·05) except in the LPS-OKG-4·5 group. Only the LPS-OKG-4·5 group achieved a positive post-injury N balance (t test, P<0·05). In conclusion, OKG exerted a dose-dependent effect on tissue Gln concentration and N balance, but only the highest dosage counteracted myofibrillar hypercatabolism and caused a positive N balance.

scholarly journals High-intensity interval training ameliorates high-fat diet-induced elevation of aminotransferases in male Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Qazaleh Asqari ◽  
Farhad Gholami ◽  
Jabbar Bashiri ◽  
Adel Donyaei
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Background and aims: A high-fat diet increases triglyceride (TG) accumulations in hepatocytes and results in non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs). In this regard, this study investigated the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), along with a high-fat diet on the serum levels of aminotransferases in male Wistar rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the standard diet, high-fat diet, exercise + standard diet, and exercise + high-fat diet groups (each containing 10 animals). HIIT program consisted of 6-12 repetitions of 2-minute highs-intensity exercise (85-90% of the maximum speed) interspersed with 1-minute low-intensity exercise (45-50% peak speed) with the frequency of 5 sessions a week over 12 weeks. High-fat diet groups received a diet regimen including 58% fat, 25% protein, and 17% carbohydrate, ad libitum. The blood samples were taken from the left ventricle 48 hours following the last intervention to assess TG, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate amino-transferase (AST) concentrations. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests. Results: The findings showed the mean of ALT, AST, and TG in the high-fat diet group was significantly greater compared to the standard diet group (P=0.001). Furthermore, the mean of ALT, AST, and TG in the exercise + high-fat diet group was significantly lower in comparison with the high-fat diet group (P=0.01, P=0.017, and P=0.012, respectively). Conclusion: Although HIIT ameliorated high-fat diet-induced elevations in the serum levels of TG, ALT, and AST, they did not reach the baseline levels. Thus, it may indicate that a diet as the underlying cause of NAFLDs is more important than any other interventions such as exercise.

scholarly journals HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF BANANA PEEL FLOUR ON HISTOLOGICAL AND LIVER FUNCTION IN DIABETIC RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 529-538
Author(s):  
Herlin Ajeng Nurrahma ◽  
Andreanyta Meliala ◽  
Paramita Narwidina ◽  
Sri Herwiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Hepatic Enzyme ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

In diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely linked to hyperglycemia metabolism. This study aimed to find out how a banana peel supplemented diet affected histological and liver function changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, antioxidants, and tryptophan are all contained in banana peel flour (BPF). Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that has been linked to depression and anxiety. This post-test-only control group study was conducted on twenty-five male Wistar rats which were separated into five groups with different treatments. Groups II to V were diabetic rats model groups that consumed standard diet mixed with BPF 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%, respectively, while group I was a healthy control group fed a standard diet. Hepatic enzyme transaminase (Alanine Aminotransferase-ALT and Aspartate Aminotransferase - AST) and Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining were analyzed with the NAFLD score to examine the liver function and hepatocellular morphology. A change in liver function was observed, as well as a substantial change in the levels of ALT and AST. The NAFLD score with HE staining showed substantial improvements in liver morphology, which was better seen at a 20% BPF dose. The current study supported the hypothesis that BPF had a hepatoprotective effect in diabetic rats, which may be due to the mechanism of controlling the hepatic enzyme transaminase and inducing liver regeneration.

Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Carica Papaya seeds in Drug-Induced Acute Nephrotoxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2951-2953
Author(s):  
Sameer Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Attiya Munir ◽  
Amtul Hafeez ◽  
Sher Afghan Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Papaya Seeds ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Nephrotoxicity is characterized by raised serum urea and creatinine levels and kidneys being one of the primary organs of drug concentration and excretion are vulnerable to many widely used marketed drugs, including anti-cancer drugs, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, and radio contrast agents, are nephrotoxic. Aim: To determine the nephroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seeds in Aminoglycoside induced acute nephrotoxicity. Study design: Quasi Experimental study. Methodology: Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were sub divided into 3 groups i.e., I, II and III with 10 rats in each group. Group II and III were administered Aminoglycoside drug; Gentamycin in 80 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal route once daily for 5 consecutive days to induce acute nephrotoxicity. At day 6, nephrotoxicity was confirmed by measuring serum urea and creatinine. Ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seeds (1000 mg/kg) was started once daily through oral route in group III for 5 consecutive days to see the nephroprotective effects of seed extract after causing acute kidney injury. All animals were given standard diet pellets manufactured at NIH. Results: Mean serum urea and creatinine for Group I (Control Group) at day 0 were 24.90 mg/dL ± 1.633 and .750 mg/dL ± .0619 respectively. Mean serum urea and creatinine for Group II (Disease Control Group) was 81.00 mg/dL ± 1.247 and 1.980mg/dL ± .0467 at day 6th. This suggested induction of nephrotoxicity by Gentamycin. Mean serum urea and creatinine for Group III (Ethanolic Extract Treated Group) at 11 day was 72.40mg/dL± .991 and 1.680 mg/dL± .0467 after 5 days treatment with ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seeds. Conclusion: We concluded that ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seeds has significant nephroprotective effects on Aminoglycoside induced acute nephrotoxicity in rats. Keywords: COVID-19, Vaccination, Awareness and Adverse Effects

scholarly journals Value of Entheseal Ultrasonography and Serum Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein in the Preclinical Diagnosis of Psoriatic Arthritis

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. CMAMD.S4461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Mohamed Farouk ◽  
Afaf Abdel Alim Mostafa ◽  
Sahar S. Youssef ◽  
Moataz Mohammed Samy Elbeblawy ◽  
Naglaa Youssef Assaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preclinical Diagnosis ◽  
Group Ii

Objective To evaluate the utility of entheseal ultrasonography and serum COMP in the preclinical diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis. Methods 60 psoriatic patients were divided into: 30 patients with psoriasis (group I) and 30 patients with psoriatic arthritis as control (group II). They underwent independent clinical and ultrasonographic examination of both lower limbs at the calcaneal insertions of Achilles tendons. Psoriatic arthritis disease activity and severity was assessed by modified DAS28 and Steinbrockers scores. Serum levels of COMP were measured for all patients by ELISA. Results On clinical examination, no entheseal abnormalities were detected in group I while they were present in 23.3% of group II with statistically significant difference between them ( P < 0.001). Ultrasonographic entheseal abnormalities were detected in 33.3% of group I and in 46.7% of group II with no significant difference between them ( P > 0.05). Serum COMP were significantly elevated in group I and II with no statistically significant difference between them (mean ± SD 5.9 ± 3 and 6.8 ± 12 respectively, P > 0.05). Entheseal ultrasound was more specific (67%) while serum COMP was more sensitive (87%) in the preclinical diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis. Serum COMP levels were significantly correlated with CRP in both groups and with DAS28 and Steinbrockers scores in group II ( P < 0.01). Conclusion Entheseal ultrasonography and serum COMP levels may be used complementary to each other for preclinical diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis. Serum COMP seems to be promising prognostic marker for psoriatic arthritis patients.

AMINO ACIDS IN THE BLOOD AND URINE OF NORMAL AND ARTHRITIC SUBJECTS BEFORE AND AFTER A GLYCINE LOAD GIVEN WITH AND WITHOUT ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1005-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Derrick ◽  
Audrey P. Hanley
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Serum And Urine

Observations have been made on the specific free amino acids (chromatographic analysis) and other nitrogenous constituents in the serum and urine of normal and arthritic men under controlled dietary conditions, before and after a glycine load and adrenocorticotropin administered separately and together.Differences in the metabolism of amino acids between normal individuals and arthritics, particularly of alanine, proline, glutamic acid, taurine, and possibly tyrosine (and/or tryptophan) and cystine, were apparent. The differences were largely confined to the non-essential amino acids. Concomitant increases seen in the serum levels and in the excretion of several amino acids, in response to a load of a single amino acid, indicate that the increases in excretion are more than a matter of competition for reabsorption in the kidney. A prerenal phenomenon appears to be involved, possibly interconversion of amino acids. This concept is supported by the evidence that the increases in the serum levels were restricted to the non-essential amino acids.

scholarly journals Effects of sodium hyaluronate and carboxymethylcellulose membrane on collagen and fibroblast formation in bowel suture healing: experimental study in rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio Carlos Perez ◽  
Delcio Matos ◽  
Edna Frasson de Souza Montero ◽  
Heitor Soares de Souza ◽  
Fábio Colagrossi Paes Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Sodium Hyaluronate ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Collagen Formation ◽  
Significant Variance ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Observation Period

PURPOSE: To analyze the effects of sodium hyaluronate and carboxymethylcellulose membrane on collagen and fibroblast formation in bowel suture healing in rats. METHODS: 48 male Wistar rats, weighing 250 to 343g, were randomized into two groups: group I - bowel suture without applying a biologically absorbable membrane and group II - bowel suture with application of an absorbable membrane. The two groups were divided into subgroups of 3, 14 and 30 days of observation, with 8 rats in each subgroup. All were sacrificed after the end of the observation period. RESULTS: No morbidity or mortality was observed during the experiment. The amounts of collagen in group I were 23.4%, 72.1% and 67.6% and in group II were 22.5%, 52.5% and 51.6%, for the subgroups of 3, 14 and 30 days, respectively. Comparison between groups showed that the 14-day (p=0.0013) and 30-day (p=0.0587) subgroups had significant variance, with larger collagen zones in animals in which the membrane was not applied. However, with regard to fibroblasts, group I had 2%, 13% and 8% and group II had 2%, 10% and 8%, for the 3-day (p=1.0), 14-day (p=0.3184) and 30-day (p=0.5995) subgroups, respectively, showing no significant variance. CONCLUSION: The use of the biologically absorbable membrane cause a decrease in collagen formation, while not altering the number of fibroblasts, in bowel suture healing in rats, without increased morbidity and mortality.

AMINO ACIDS IN THE BLOOD AND URINE OF NORMAL AND ARTHRITIC SUBJECTS BEFORE AND AFTER A GLYCINE LOAD GIVEN WITH AND WITHOUT ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1005-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Derrick ◽  
Audrey P. Hanley
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Serum And Urine

Observations have been made on the specific free amino acids (chromatographic analysis) and other nitrogenous constituents in the serum and urine of normal and arthritic men under controlled dietary conditions, before and after a glycine load and adrenocorticotropin administered separately and together.Differences in the metabolism of amino acids between normal individuals and arthritics, particularly of alanine, proline, glutamic acid, taurine, and possibly tyrosine (and/or tryptophan) and cystine, were apparent. The differences were largely confined to the non-essential amino acids. Concomitant increases seen in the serum levels and in the excretion of several amino acids, in response to a load of a single amino acid, indicate that the increases in excretion are more than a matter of competition for reabsorption in the kidney. A prerenal phenomenon appears to be involved, possibly interconversion of amino acids. This concept is supported by the evidence that the increases in the serum levels were restricted to the non-essential amino acids.

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