“A Cellular Encounter”

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 544-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel I. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Group Learning ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
System Level ◽  
Guided Inquiry ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Science Standard ◽  
And Function ◽  
Generation Science Standard

A standard part of biology curricula is a project-based assessment of cell structure and function. However, these are often individual assignments that promote little problem-solving or group learning and avoid the subject of organelle chemical interactions. I evaluate a model-based cell project designed to foster group and individual guided inquiry, and review how the project stimulates problem-solving at a cellular system level. Students begin with four organism cell types, label organelles, describe their structures, and affix chemicals produced or needed for each organelle’s function. Students simulate cell signaling, cell recognition, and transport of molecules through membranes. After describing the project, I present measures of student participation and a rubric, compare individual versus group work, and highlight future modifications, including alignment with the Next Generation Science Standard of “Structure, Function, and Information Processing.”

Tuning the Elasticity of Biopolymer Gels for Optimal Wound Healing

2005 ◽  
Vol 897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope Georges ◽  
Margaret McCormick ◽  
Lisa Flanagan ◽  
Yo-El Ju ◽  
Evelyn Sawyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Structure ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Normal Environment ◽  
Biopolymer Gels ◽  
Soft Polymer ◽  
And Function

AbstractSoft polymer networks with large mesh size, not flat rigid surfaces, are the normal environment for most animal cells. Cell structure and function depend on the stiffness of the surfaces on which cells adhere as well as on the type of adhesion complex by which the cell binds its extracellular ligand. Many cell types, including fibroblasts and endothelial cells, switch from a round to spread morphology as stiffness is increased between 1000 and 10,000 Pa. Coincident with the change in morphology are a host of differences in protein phosphorylation levels, expression of integrins, and changes in cytoskeletal protein expression and assembly. In contrast, other cells types such as neutrophils and platelets do not require rigid substrates in order to spread, and neurons extend processes better on soft (50 Pa) materials than on stiffer gels. We compare the stiffness sensing of four cell types: platelets, neurons and astrocytes, a glial cell type derived from embryonic rat brain, and melanoma cells. Astrocytes switch from a round to spread morphology as substrate stiffness increases, but do so over a stiffness range 10 times softer than that over which fibroblasts alter morphology. Stiffness-dependent morphologic changes observed from studies of cells grown on surfaces of protein-laminated polyacrylamide gels that have linear elasticity are also seen when cells are on matrices of natural biopolymers such as fibrin. Biopolymer gels like fibrin can be formed with appropriate stiffness to optimize for neuronal cell survival and patterning, and may have utility for repair of damaged neural tissues. The complex non-linear rheology of fibrin and other gels formed by semi-flexible biopolymers that exhibit strain-stiffening provide additional mechanisms by which cells can respond to and actively remodel the mechanical features of their environment.

scholarly journals KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN PROCESS ORIENTED GUIDED INQUIRY LEARNING (POGIL) MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN IPA FKIP ULM

Vidya Karya ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Ellyna Hafizah ◽  
Syubhan An'nur
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Inquiry Learning ◽  
Guided Inquiry ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Innovative Learning ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Process Oriented

Abstract. This research aims to see the effectiveness of using Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) toward problem solving ability of students. This research was conducted due to lack of information of students’ ability in solving the problem, especially students of Science Education Department (IPA) when they were given an innovative learning such POGIL. Problem solving ability is an ability that can be trained in learning process which is closely related to master the concept by students. Mix method is used in this research. The subject of this research is students of Science Education Department FKIP ULM batch 2015. To collect the data, it used quantitative data of pre-test and post-test of the ability of problem solving and qualitative data, observation and interview. The result of this research shows that the ability of students in solving the problem has been significantly increased by using POGIL.  Keywords: Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL), problem solving, science education  Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah mahasiswa. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi karena belum diketahuinya bagaimana kemampuan pemecahan masalah mahasiswa pendidikan IPA ketika diberikan suatu pembelajaran inovatif salah satunya POGIL. Kemampuan pemecahan masalah merupakan kemampuan yang didapat dilatihkan dalam suatu proses pembelajaran yang erat kaitannya dengan penguasaan konsep mahasiswa. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian mix method. Subyek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan IPA FKIP ULM angkatan 2015. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan data kuantitatif pretest dan posttest kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan data kualitatif dengan lembar observasi dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah mahasiswa sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan pembelajaran POGIL mengalami peningkatan. Kata kunci: Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL), pemecahan masalah, pendidikan IPA

EFFECT OF SUBSTRATE STIFFNESS ON THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELLS

2006 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
PENELOPE C. GEORGES ◽  
ILYA LEVENTAL ◽  
WILFREDO De JESúS ROJAS ◽  
R. TYLER MILLER ◽  
PAUL A. JANMEY
Keyword(s):  
Cell Structure ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Substrate Stiffness ◽  
Filamin A ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Different Response ◽  
And Function

Most biological tissues are soft viscoelastic materials with elastic moduli ranging from approximately 100 to 100,000 Pa. Recent studies have examined the effect of substrate rigidity on cell structure and function, and many, but not all cell types exhibit a strong response to substrate stiffness. Some blood cells such as platelets and neutrophils have indistinguishable structures on hard and soft materials as long as they are sufficiently adhesive, whereas many cell types, including fibroblasts and endothelial cells spread much more strongly on rigid compared to soft substrates. A few cell types such as neurons appear to extend better on very soft materials. The different response of astrocytes and neurons to the stiffness of their substrate results in preferential growth of neurons on soft gels and astrocytes on hard gels, and suggests that preventing rigidification of damaged central nervous system tissue after injury may have utility in wound healing. How cells sense substrate stiffness is unknown. One candidate protein, filamin A, which responds to externally derived stresses, was tested in melanoma cells. Cells devoid of filamin A retain the ability to sense substrate stiffness, suggesting that other proteins are required for stiffness sensing.

scholarly journals PPAR Signaling in Placental Development and Function

PPAR Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaacov Barak ◽  
Yoel Sadovsky ◽  
Tali Shalom-Barak
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Knockout Animal ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Ppar Signaling ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Major Attention ◽  
And Function

With the major attention to the pivotal roles of PPARs in diverse aspects of energy metabolism, the essential functions of PPARγand PPARβ/δin placental development came as a surprise and were often considered a nuisance en route to their genetic analysis. However, these findings provided an opportune entrée into placental biology. Genetic and pharmacological studies, primarily of knockout animal models and cell culture, uncovered networks of PPARγand PPARδ, their heterodimeric RXR partners, associated transcriptional coactivators, and target genes, that regulate various aspects of placental development and function. These studies furnish both specific information about trophoblasts and the placenta and potential hints about the functions of PPARs in other tissues and cell types. They reveal that the remarkable versatility of PPARs extends beyond the orchestration of metabolism to the regulation of cellular differentiation, tissue development, and trophoblast-specific functions. This information and its implications are the subject of this review.

Role of the 807 C/T Polymorphism of the α2 Gene in Platelet GP Ia Collagen Receptor Expression and Function

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (06) ◽  
pp. 951-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Corral ◽  
R. González-Conejero ◽  
J. Rivera ◽  
F. Ortuño ◽  
P. Aparicio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Platelet Surface ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
And Function ◽  
In Vitro Analysis

SummaryThe variability of the platelet GP Ia/IIa density has been associated with the 807 C/T polymorphism (Phe 224) of the GP Ia gene in American Caucasian population. We have investigated the genotype and allelic frequencies of this polymorphism in Spanish Caucasians. The T allele was found in 35% of the 284 blood donors analyzed. We confirmed in 159 healthy subjects a significant association between the 807 C/T polymorphism and the platelet GP Ia density. The T allele correlated with high number of GP Ia molecules on platelet surface. In addition, we observed a similar association of this polymorphism with the expression of this protein in other blood cell types. The platelet responsiveness to collagen was determined by “in vitro” analysis of the platelet activation and aggregation response. We found no significant differences in these functional platelet parameters according to the 807 C/T genotype. Finally, results from 3 case/control studies involving 302 consecutive patients (101 with coronary heart disease, 104 with cerebrovascular disease and 97 with deep venous thrombosis) determined that the 807 C/T polymorphism of the GP Ia gene does not represent a risk factor for arterial or venous thrombosis.

The Implementation of Learning Materials Based on Local Wisdom of Agricultural in Binjai to Improve the Students Problem Solving Abilities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Tsalits Fahman Mughni
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Grade ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Teaching materials by integrating local culture makes easier for students to understand the subject matter in the learning process. The aims of the study is to measure the effectiveness of teaching materials based on local wisdom of agriculture in Binjai in improving the students problem solving abilities. The research method was a quasi experimental which use non equivalent control group in the pretest posttest design. The sample of study were students of Senior High School grade X in Binjai that consisted of experiment group which used teaching materials based on local wisdom of agriculture in Binjai and control group that used student handbooks. Teaching materials are tested by material experts and technology experts to ensure the quality of teaching materials. Data collection was conducted through test. The results showed that the teaching materials based on local wisdom of agriculture in Binjai effective in improving students problem solving abilities in the experimental group students based on the results of N gain value was 0.67 which has medium criteria. It means teaching materials based on agricultural local wisdom of agriculture in Binjai can be used as one of the teaching materials in learning activities.

Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian Kinerja pada Praktikum Struktur dan Fungsi Sel Di SMA Negeri 1 Kota Jambi

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nugroho Budhiwaluyo ◽  
Rayandra Asyhar ◽  
Bambang Hariyadi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Product Performance ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
And Function

  This research aims to produce a final product in the form of a performance-assessment instrument on Cell Structure and Function experiment. The development model is ADDIE. Based on expert's judgment, the instrument was valid and can be tested in the field. Field-test results shown that the product performs high validity and reliability value on measuring student performance on Cell Structure and Function experiment. Therefore, it is concluded that this performance-assessment instrument theoretically and practically has a good quality for measuring student performance in both process and product performance on Cell Structure and Function experiment. Keywords: Development, Performance-Assessment Instrument, Cell Structure and Function Experiment 

Proses Berpikir Kreatif Siswa Tipe Linguistik dalamPemecahan Masalah Biologi

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imelda Aisah Sarip ◽  
Kamid Kamid ◽  
Bambang Hariyadi
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Thinking Process ◽  
Problem Solving Process ◽  
The Given

The aim of this research is to describe creative thinking process of linguistic type student in biology problem solving. This research is conducted to linguistic intelligence type of subject at SMPN 6 Kota Jambi. SL the subject was selected based on the aim of the research. Data collection is conducted by interview and a modified think aloud method. Data is analyzed based on creative thinking process purposed by Polya.The result of this research shows that SL could find and arrange the given problems and collect data correctly and appropriately. The problem solving steps is done systematically to the end of problem solving process. The last steps problem solving, SL does checking while doing scratching to make sure that the written answers meet her need.

Physicianship and the Rebirth of Medical Education

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Donald Boudreau ◽  
Eric Cassell ◽  
Abraham Fuks
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Patient Centeredness ◽  
Goals Of Medicine ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
William Osler ◽  
The Relationship

This book reimagines medical education and reconstructs its design. It originates from a reappraisal of the goals of medicine and the nature of the relationship between doctor and patient. The educational blueprint outlined is called the “Physicianship Curriculum” and rests on two linchpins. First is a new definition of sickness: Patients know themselves to be ill when they cannot pursue their purposes and goals in life because of impairments in functioning. This perspective represents a bulwark against medical attention shifting from patients to diseases. The curriculum teaches about patients as functional persons, from their anatomy to their social selves, starting in the first days of the educational program and continuing throughout. Their teaching also rests on the rock-solid grounding of medicine in the sciences and scientific understandings of disease and function. The illness definition and knowledge base together create a foundation for authentic patient-centeredness. Second, the training of physicians depends on and culminates in development of a unique professional identity. This is grounded in the historical evolution of the profession, reaching back to Hippocrates. It leads to reformulation of the educational process as clinical apprenticeships and moral mentorships. “Rebirth” in the title suggests that critical ingredients of medical education have previously been articulated. The book argues that the apprenticeship model, as experienced, enriched, taught, and exemplified by William Osler, constitutes a time-honored foundation. Osler’s “natural method of teaching the subject of medicine” is a precursor to the Physicianship Curriculum.

Building a Culture of Ethical, Comparable, Authentic Assessment

2019 ◽  
pp. 463-481
Author(s):  
Andrew Reid ◽  
Julie Ballantyne
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Authentic Assessment ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Music Educators ◽  
System Level ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Subject

In an ideal world, assessment should be synonymous with effective learning and reflect the intricacies of the subject area. It should also be aligned with the ideals of education: to provide equitable opportunities for all students to achieve and to allow both appropriate differentiation for varied contexts and students and comparability across various contexts and students. This challenge is made more difficult in circumstances in which the contexts are highly heterogeneous, for example in the state of Queensland, Australia. Assessment in music challenges schooling systems in unique ways because teaching and learning in music are often naturally differentiated and diverse, yet assessment often calls for standardization. While each student and teacher has individual, evolving musical pathways in life, the syllabus and the system require consistency and uniformity. The challenge, then, is to provide diverse, equitable, and quality opportunities for all children to learn and achieve to the best of their abilities. This chapter discusses the designing and implementation of large-scale curriculum as experienced in secondary schools in Queensland, Australia. The experiences detailed explore the possibilities offered through externally moderated school-based assessment. Also discussed is the centrality of system-level clarity of purpose, principles and processes, and the provision of supportive networks and mechanisms to foster autonomy for a diverse range of music educators and contexts. Implications for education systems that desire diversity, equity, and quality are discussed, and the conclusion provokes further conceptualization and action on behalf of students, teachers, and the subject area of music.

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