Preliminary study on integrated production of ethanol and lignin from bagasse pulp waste

Bagasse pulp waste (BPW) is a material generated from the depithing of sugarcane bagasse stems prior to pulping. It was subjected to a modified oxygen delignification or ammonia catalytic steam explosion (AE) pretreatment for delignification and retaining carbohydrates of raw materials, followed by simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) to ethanol. Based on this process, an environmentally sustainable two-stage process for lignin purification was employed to obtain nontoxic “green lignin”. The results indicated that both pretreatment methods, particularly AE, had outstanding performance in the SSCF process. The highest ethanol yield (based on dry matter of BPW), 67.5% for the AE pretreatment, was obtained from the SSCF procedure at 8% (w/v) solids loading. Furthermore, the obtained lignin products from this process possessed better structural integrity.

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Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion as an Energy Vector: Current Upgrading Development

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14102742 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 2742

Author(s):

Raquel Iglesias ◽

Raúl Muñoz ◽

María Polanco ◽

Israel Díaz ◽

Ana Susmozas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fossil Fuels ◽

Business Models ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Vector Current ◽

Energy System ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Environmentally Sustainable ◽

Legislative Framework ◽

Materials Used

The present work reviews the role of biogas as advanced biofuel in the renewable energy system, summarizing the main raw materials used for biogas production and the most common technologies for biogas upgrading and delving into emerging biological methanation processes. In addition, it provides a description of current European legislative framework and the potential biomethane business models as well as the main biogas production issues to be addressed to fully deploy these upgrading technologies. Biomethane could be competitive due to negative or zero waste feedstock prices, and competitive to fossil fuels in the transport sector and power generation if upgrading technologies become cheaper and environmentally sustainable.

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The issue of "oil shrinkage" during the compounding of oils in the processes of production, collection, preparation and transportation of hydrocarbon raw materials

Oil and Gas Studies ◽

10.31660/0445-0108-2021-2-104-113 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104-113

Author(s):

O. P. Deryugina ◽

E. A. Trapeznikov

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Colloidal System ◽

Main Pipelines ◽

Different Types ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

The Stability ◽

Mixed Oil

The article discusses the issue of industrial compounding, which improves the quality of the raw materials supplied to the main pipelines. Compounding from "to compound" (English) - to mix. When mixing different types of oil obtained, "incompatibility" is possible, which is expressed in the precipitation of a solid sediment and violation of the stability of the colloidal system and due to the differing properties of oils. Attention to this problem is due to the tightening of requirements for the quality of raw materials that must comply with modern standards. The article discusses the causes of the problem of "incompatibility" of oil during compounding and effective ways of solving it, substantiates the need for a preliminary study of the properties of mixed oil in order to identify possible incompatibility of various types of oil. The standard tests for determination of incompatibility indices characterizing the ability of raw materials to mix are considered. The article substantiates the need to develop methods for diagnosing the incompatibility of oils as the most important task of modern chemical science, the solution of which will improve the quality of the raw material obtained and solve many technological problems in the compounding process.

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Expression of serpins by Clostridium thermocellum and simultaneous saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass to enhance ethanol production

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.15.4.8662-8676 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 8662-8676

Author(s):

Maria Mushtaq ◽

Muhammad Javaid Asad ◽

Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder ◽

Syed Muhammad Saqlan Naqvi ◽

Saad Imran Malik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Production ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Corn Stover ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Clostridium Thermocellum ◽

Ethanol Yield ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Yeast Fermentation ◽

Second Generation Bioethanol ◽

Simultaneous Saccharification

Utilization of biomass for production of second generation bioethanol was considered as a way to reduce burdens of fossil fuel in Pakistan. The materials wheat straw, rice straw, cotton stalk, corn stover, and peel wastes were used in this experiment. Various parameters, such as acidic and alkali pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis by cellulases, and effect of proteases inhibitors on ethanol production, were examined. Fermentation was completed by the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Clostridium thermocellum separately, and their ethanol production were compared and maximum ethanol yield was obtained with wheat straw i.e.,11.3 g/L by S. cerevisiae and 8.5 g/L by C. thermocellum. Results indicated that a higher quantity of sugar was obtained from wheat straw (19.6 ± 1.6 g/L) followed by rice straw (17.6 ± 0.6 g/L) and corn stover (16.1 ± 0.9 g/L) compared to the other evaluated biomass samples. A higher yield of ethanol (11.3 g/L) was observed when a glucose concentration of 21.7 g/L was used, for which yeast fermentation efficiency was 92%. Results also revealed the increased in ethanol production (93%) by using celluases in combination with recombinant Serine protease inhibitors from C. thermocellum. It is expected that the use of recombinant serpins with cellulases will play a major role in the biofuel production by using agricultural biomass. This will also help in the economics of the biofuel.

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Effect of Pre-hydrolysis on Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Native Rye Starch

Food and Bioprocess Technology ◽

10.1007/s11947-020-02434-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 923-936 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ewelina Strąk-Graczyk ◽

Maria Balcerek

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽

Ethanol Yield ◽

Matter Content ◽

Raw Material ◽

Process Efficiency ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Sem Images ◽

Simultaneous Saccharification

Abstract The rising population and increasing demand for food place added pressure on the agricultural sector to maintain high process efficiency while implementing environmentally friendly methods. In this study, we investigate the effect of pre-hydrolysis of native rye starch and its influence on the yield of ethanol obtained by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) from high gravity rye mashes with 25% and 28% w w−1 dry matter content. Fermentation was carried out in a 3-day system at a temperature of 35 ± 1 °C using the dry distillery yeast Ethanol Red (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The characteristics of the tested raw material and changes in the native rye starch during enzymatic hydrolysis were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM images revealed characteristic changes on the surface of the starch, which was found to have a layered structure, as well as interesting behavior by the yeast during SSF when the glucose concentration in the environment was lowered. Both in the mashes with 25% and 28% w w−1 dry matter, starch pre-hydrolysis did not significantly increase either the initial amounts of sugars available to the yeast or the fermentation efficiency and ethanol yield in comparison to the mashes without this pre-treatment.

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Effect of Various Pretreatment Methods on Bioethanol Production from Cotton Stalks

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation5010005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Konstantinos Dimos ◽

Thomas Paschos ◽

Argiro Louloudi ◽

Konstantinos G. Kalogiannis ◽

Angelos A. Lappas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Production ◽

Substrate Concentration ◽

Ethanol Yield ◽

Direct Conversion ◽

Hydrothermal Pretreatment ◽

Solid Loading ◽

Hydrolysis Time ◽

Cotton Stalks ◽

Sequential Combination ◽

Simultaneous Saccharification

Cotton stalks (CS) are considered a good candidate for fuel-ethanol production due to its abundance and high carbohydrate content, but the direct conversion without pretreatment always results in extremely low yields due to the recalcitrant nature of lignocelluloses. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of various chemical and physicochemical pretreatment methods, i.e., alkali, microwave-assisted acid, organosolv, hydrothermal treatment, and sequentially organosolv and hydrothermal pretreatment, on chemical composition of CS and subsequent ethanol production applying pre-hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF) at high solid loading. The best results in terms of ethanol production were achieved by the sequential combination of organosolv and hydrothermal pretreatment (32.3 g/L, using 15% w/v substrate concentration and 6 h pre-hydrolysis) with an improvement of 32% to 50% in ethanol production compared to the other pretreatments. Extending pre-hydrolysis time to 14 h and increasing substrate concentration to 20% w/v, ethanol production reached 47.0 g/L (corresponding to an ethanol yield of 52%) after 30 h of fermentation.

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Materials for the 21st century

Europhysics news ◽

10.1051/epn/2018502 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (5-6) ◽

pp. 14-17

Author(s):

Jessica Wade ◽

Sebastian Wood

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Economic Impact ◽

21St Century ◽

Consumer Demand ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Environmentally Sustainable ◽

Sustainable Solutions

The combined challenges of growing populations, climate change and increasing scarcity of raw materials is driving innovation in materials and design. The motivation to innovate comes from the economic impact of not doing so, as well as consumer demand, with mature customers actively seeking out more environmentally sustainable solutions.

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Fuel Ethanol Production from Wet Oxidised Corn Stover by S. Cerevisiae

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.963 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 343-344 ◽

pp. 963-967 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhang Qiang ◽

Anne Belinda Thomsen

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Production ◽

Corn Stover ◽

Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Ethanol Yield ◽

Liquid Fraction ◽

Raw Material ◽

Wet Oxidation ◽

Inhibition Effect ◽

Simultaneous Saccharification

In order to find out appropriate process for ethanol production from corn stover, wet oxidation（195°C，15 minutes）and simultaneous sacchariﬁcation and fermentation (SSF) was carried out to produce ethanol. The results showed that the cellulose recovery of 92.9% and the hemicellulose recovery of 74.6% were obtained after pretreatment. 86.5% of cellulose was remained in the solid cake . After 24h hydrolysis at 50°C using cellulase（Cellubrix L）,the achieved conversion of cellulose to glucose was 64.8%. Ethanol production was evaluated from dried solid cake and the hydrolysate was employed as liquid fraction . After 142 h of SSF with substrate concentration of 8% (W/V), ethanol yield of 73.1 % of the theoretical based on glucose in the raw material was obtained by S. cerevisiae(ordinary baker’ yeast) . The corresponding ethanol concentration and volumetric productivity were 17.2g/L and 0.121g/L.h respectively. The estimated total ethanol production was 257.7 kg/ton raw material by assuming consumption of both C-6 and C-5. No obvious inhibition effect occurred during SSF. These instructions give you the basic guidelines for preparing papers for WCICA/IEEE conference proceedings.

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Archaeometric Characterisation of Decorated Pottery from the Archaeological Site of Villa dei Quintili (Rome, Italy): Preliminary Study

Geosciences ◽

10.3390/geosciences9040172 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 172 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Michela Ricca ◽

Giuseppe Paladini ◽

Natalia Rovella ◽

Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo ◽

Luciana Randazzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Archaeological Site ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Geochemical Study ◽

Renaissance Period ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Materials Used

This work focused on the study of decorated pottery dated back to the 16th century from the Roman archaeological site of Villa dei Quintili, a monumental complex located in the south-eastern part of Rome (Italy). A minero-petrographic and geochemical study was undertaken to analyse five archaeological samples in order to define textural features and raw materials used for their production, along with the chemical and physical composition of the superficial decorative glazed coatings. For this purpose, different analytical methods were used, such as polarising optical microscope (POM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman spectroscopy, X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), and electron microprobe analysis coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (EMPA-EDS). The results of such a multidisciplinary approach allowed us to achieve important results crucial to recognise the shards as majolica of the Renaissance period, improving knowledge about manufacturing processes of these renowned painted ceramic artefacts.

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Production of ethanol from Jerusalem artichoke by mycelial pellets

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-55117-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chao Zhang ◽

Daoji Wu ◽

Hongqi Yang ◽

Huixue Ren

Keyword(s):

Lower Cost ◽

Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Ethanol Yield ◽

New Technology ◽

Jerusalem Artichoke ◽

Mycelial Pellets ◽

Repeated Use ◽

Easy Operation ◽

Simultaneous Saccharification

AbstractMycelial pellets formed by Aspergillus niger A-15 were used to immobilize the ethanol producing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae C-15. The operation parameters, such as agitation speed, temperature and mixed proportion of strains were studied. The optimal adsorption 66.9% was obtained when speed was 80r/min, temperature was 40 °C and mixed proportion(mycelial pellets: yeasts) was 1:10. With Jerusalem artichoke flour as substrate, 12.8% (V/V) of ethanol was obtained after 48 h by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using mycelial pellets. And mycelial pellets could tolerate 19% (volume fraction) ethanol. The above results proved that this new technology was feasible, and it had the advantages of higher ethanol yield, long service life, repeated use, easy operation and lower cost in producing ethanol.

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