scholarly journals La historia económica en el Seminario de Historia Rural Andina

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Alejandro Salinas Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Theoretical Orientation ◽  
Rural History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Three Phases

<p>Este artículo analiza el rol del Seminario de Historia Rural Andina y de Pablo Macera en la formulación de los criterios teóricos y metodológicos que guiaron los primeros trabajos de la moderna historia económica peruana de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Se distinguen tres etapas en el continuo proceso de producción bibliográfica del SHRA (1966-1978, 1979-2000 y 2001-2015) destacando las perspectivas de los investigadores actuantes al interior de cada una de estas en el marco de los debates historiográficos ocurridos durante los últimos cincuenta años.</p><p> </p><p><strong>The Peruvian economical history and the role of the Seminario de Historia Rural Andina </strong></p><p>This article analyses the role of the Seminario de Historia Rural Andina and of Pablo Macera designing methodological and theoretical criteria guiding the first research efforts of modern Peruvian economical history in the second half of the XX Century. Such research has been divided into three phases: 1966-1978; 1979-2000; and 2001-2015. Each phase is marked by specific characteristics of the theoretical orientation of the investigators in the context of the history debates that have occurred in the past five decades.</p><p>Keywords: Peru; historiography; economic history; Seminar of Andean Rural History; Pablo Macera.</p>

scholarly journals The Role of Banks in Shaping the Community of Firms (Theories and Russian History)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-36
Author(s):  
Andrei Yudanov
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Russian History ◽  
National Community ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Industry Relations

The paper is devoted to industrialization, which was the turning point of Russia's economic history, and to the resulting formation of the modern type national community of companies. From the perspective of the economic theory, the role of banks in the formation of a community of firms in the Russian Empire is considered in the article. The synthesis of two classical concepts is proposed: the decisive role of banks in public approval of innovation (Joseph Alois Schumpeter) and «the mission of banks» in the industrialization of backward states (Alexander Gerschenkron). It is concluded that not only German (as Gerschenkron believed), but also Russian banks fulfilled the historical mission of creating the large industry. On the other hand, under the direct influence of banks in Tsarist Russia a disharmonious community of firms was formed. It was characterized by hypertrophied large industry, underdeveloped small and medium-sized businesses as well as by the lack of an innovative sector. The responsibility of the banks is also enormous for syndicating Russian industry, which prevented the transformation of large Russian enterprises into efficient mass producers. In general, it is obvious that there is a strong and, at the same time, ambivalent (both positive and negative) influence of banks on the formation of the national community of firms. It seems that the past experience points to the need for state regulation of institutional bank-industry relations in our time.

scholarly journals Institutions

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglass C North
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Institutional Evolution ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Incentive Structure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Economic

Institutions are the humanly devised constraints that structure political, economic, and social interaction. They consist of both informal constraints (sanctions, taboos, customs, traditions, and codes of conduct), and formal rules (constitutions, laws, property rights). Throughout history, institutions have been devised by human beings to create order and reduce uncertainty in exchange. Together with the standard constraints of economics they define the choice set and therefore determine transaction and production costs and hence the profitability and feasibility of engaging in economic activity. They evolve incrementally, connecting the past with the present and the future; history in consequence is largely a story of institutional evolution in which the historical performance of economies can only be understood as a part of a sequential story. Institutions provide the incentive structure of an economy; as that structure evolves, it shapes the direction of economic change towards growth, stagnation, or decline. In this essay, I intend to elaborate on the role of institutions in the performance of economies and illustrate my analysis from economic history.

scholarly journals New Economic Policy – Practical Experience of Creating a New Socio-Economic Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
V. N. Kovnir ◽  
O. D. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Mixed Economy ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

The article describes the stages and main activities carried out in the framework of the new economic policy (19211927) are considered. The place and role of NEP in the economic history of Russia, despite the past 100 years, are still following discussion issues. In particular, the question of the impact of a new economic policy on the formation of a mixed economy in developed capitalist countries in the second half of the 20th century was relevant. In the 1920s, an economic system was built in Russia in Russia, which can be developed as a mixed economy, which has proven its flexibility and effectiveness in solving the most complicated economic tasks. The article analyzes the experience of NEP based on the use of the methodology of institutional theory. The activities of the authorities during this period were aimed at the adaptation of old institutes, skills, mentality of the population in the conditions of a tight deficit of all resources to new requirements, primarily in the economy. The importance of the tasks facing the tasks and the limited time released by history to their decision determined the choice of a rigid totalitarian style of economic management and society, which did not allow to reveal the potential capabilities of the ECAP economic mechanism.

scholarly journals The Eternal Peasant and the Timeless Village. Archaeology and Ideologies of the Past

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-73
Author(s):  
Rainer Schreg
Keyword(s):  
Rural Life ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Rural History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
The One

The perspectives on the medieval village and on the historical role of peasants have changed throughout the history of research. Traditional views on history saw rural life as unchangeable and therefore presumed that villages were rooted in the migration period. Modern research recognised the formation of the medieval village as a complex long-term process that, depending on the region, culminated in the 11th – 13th century. This paper takes a closer look at the situation in southwestern Germany, analysing research history on the one hand and selected episodes of medieval rural history on the other. The paper suggests that due to traditional views on the structure of history, peasants’ agency has been undervalued.  

US Fertility Rates and Childbearing in American Economic History, 1800–2010

2018 ◽  
pp. 74-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha J. Bailey ◽  
Brad J. Hershbein
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Women's Wages ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Over the past two centuries, the United States has witnessed dramatic changes in fertility rates and childbearing. This chapter describes shifts in childbearing and family size from 1800 to 2010 and describes the role of different factors in this evolution. Demand factors such as industrialization, urbanization, rising family incomes, public health improvements, and the growth in women’s wages generally reduced the benefits and raised the costs of having many children. Supply factors such as increases in infant and child survival and improvements in the technology of contraception and abortion have also altered parents’ decisions about their childbearing. This chapter summarizes the long-run trends in US fertility rates and completed childbearing, both overall and by mothers’ race/ethnicity and geography. Next, it evaluates evidence on the determinants of childbearing, including both economic and demographic explanations for these patterns. A final section weighs the evidence supporting the existence of two fertility transitions.

Shipbuilding and the State in Japan since the 1850s

1977 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seymour Broadbridge
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Private Enterprise ◽  
Banking System ◽  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Government

In the past decade or so there have been several critical revisions of the long-accepted view of the important role of the state in Japan's economic development and programme of modernization generally. Professor Harry Oshima has attempted to demolish the argument that the Meiji governments' policies were at all economically beneficial. On the contrary, he has said, those policies retarded growth, particularly through their neglect of agriculture. Professor Hugh Patrick has cautioned us against giving the Meiji governments too much credit for the development of the banking system. Private enterprise, he has insisted, was also important. Most recently, Professor Kozo Yamamura has delivered yet another broadside against what he considers the myths of Japanese economic history. This time he criticizes the view that the government, by intervening and pioneering model plants, played a significant role in Meiji Japan's industrial dcvelopment.

scholarly journals Las narrativas nacionales en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la historia: Una revisión sobre los libros de texto y las narrativas de los estudiantes

Panta Rei ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
César López Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Historical Thinking ◽  
History Textbooks ◽  
National Narratives ◽  
The Past ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
20Th Century History ◽  
The One ◽  
Siglo Xx

Tradicionalmente, las narrativas nacionales han jugado un papel central en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la historia. Sin embargo, desde finales del siglo XX, existe un énfasis en señalar lo inadecuado de estas narrativas para el desarrollo del pensamiento histórico. Este artículo, mediante una revisión sistemática, analiza la evolución del papel de las narrativas nacionales en los últimos 25 años. Para ello, se analiza por un lado el papel de las narrativas nacionales en los manuales de historia. Por otro lado, se recogen los principales avances producidos en cómo los estudiantes narran la historia de su nación. Las investigaciones muestran una pervivencia de estas narrativas nacionales en la transmisión y comprensión del pasado, si bien continúan surgiendo proyectos relevantes para desnacionalizar la enseñanza del pasado. Finalmente, se discuten algunos de los retos futuros que se plantean para este tipo de investigaciones. Traditionally, national narratives have played a central role in the teaching and learning of history. However, since the end of the 20th century, history educators have pointed out how these narratives can hinder the development of historical thinking. Through a systematic literature review, this article analyses the role of national narratives as it has evolved in the last 25 years. On the one hand, studies focused on the role of national narratives in history textbooks are analysed. On the other hand, the article reflects on the advances in research on how the students narrate the past of their nation. In general, research shows the relevance of these national narratives in the way the past is produced and consumed. Nevertheless, new projects continue to emerge which propose to denationalize the past. Finally, some of the new challenges for this line of research are discussed.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

A literature review on firms' internationalisation through e-commerce

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-143
Author(s):  
Riccardo Resciniti ◽  
Federica De Vanna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
International Business ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

The rise of e-commerce has brought considerable changes to the relationship between firms and consumers, especially within international business. Hence, understanding the use of such means for entering foreign markets has become critical for companies. However, the research on this issue is new and so it is important to evaluate what has been studied in the past. In this study, we conduct a systematic review of e-commerce and internationalisation studies to explicate how firms use e-commerce to enter new markets and to export. The studies are classified by theories and methods used in the literature. Moreover, we draw upon the internationalisation decision process (antecedents-modalities-consequences) to propose an integrative framework for understanding the role of e-commerce in internationalisation

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