scholarly journals The Role of Banks in Shaping the Community of Firms (Theories and Russian History)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-36
Author(s):  
Andrei Yudanov
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Russian History ◽  
National Community ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Industry Relations

The paper is devoted to industrialization, which was the turning point of Russia's economic history, and to the resulting formation of the modern type national community of companies. From the perspective of the economic theory, the role of banks in the formation of a community of firms in the Russian Empire is considered in the article. The synthesis of two classical concepts is proposed: the decisive role of banks in public approval of innovation (Joseph Alois Schumpeter) and «the mission of banks» in the industrialization of backward states (Alexander Gerschenkron). It is concluded that not only German (as Gerschenkron believed), but also Russian banks fulfilled the historical mission of creating the large industry. On the other hand, under the direct influence of banks in Tsarist Russia a disharmonious community of firms was formed. It was characterized by hypertrophied large industry, underdeveloped small and medium-sized businesses as well as by the lack of an innovative sector. The responsibility of the banks is also enormous for syndicating Russian industry, which prevented the transformation of large Russian enterprises into efficient mass producers. In general, it is obvious that there is a strong and, at the same time, ambivalent (both positive and negative) influence of banks on the formation of the national community of firms. It seems that the past experience points to the need for state regulation of institutional bank-industry relations in our time.

Gaspirali v. Il'Minskii: Two Identity Projects for the Muslims of the Russian Empire

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Özgür Tuna
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Russian Empire

In 1913, an article in a Russian missionary journal compared two “very typical representatives” of Islamic studies in Russia: İsmail Bey Gaspıralı (1851–1914) and Nikolai Ivanovich Il'minskii (1822–1891). Nothing could better symbolize the two opposing points of view about the past, present and future of the Muslims of Russia in 1913. Il'minskii was a Russian Orthodox missionary whose ideas and efforts had formed the imperial perceptions and policies about the Muslims of the Russian empire in the late Tsarist period, while Gaspıralı was a Muslim educator and publisher whose ideas and efforts had shaped the Muslim society per se in the same period. Il'minskii, beginning in the 1860s, and Gaspıralı, beginning in the 1880s, developed two formally similar but inherently contradictory programs for the Muslims of the Russian empire. Schooling and the creation of a literary language or literary languages constituted the hearts of both of their programs. Besides their own efforts, both Gaspıralı and Il'minskii had a large number of followers that diligently worked to put their programs into practice among the Muslims of Russia. As a result of the inherent contradiction of these programs, a bitter controversy developed between what we may call the Il'minskii and Gaspıralı groups, which particularly intensified after the revolution of 1905. In this article, I will discuss the underlying causes and development of this controversy by focusing on the role of language in the programs of Gaspıralı and Il'minskii. Then, I will conclude my article with an evaluation of the legacies of these two individuals in their own time and beyond.

scholarly journals La historia económica en el Seminario de Historia Rural Andina

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Alejandro Salinas Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Theoretical Orientation ◽  
Rural History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Three Phases

<p>Este artículo analiza el rol del Seminario de Historia Rural Andina y de Pablo Macera en la formulación de los criterios teóricos y metodológicos que guiaron los primeros trabajos de la moderna historia económica peruana de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Se distinguen tres etapas en el continuo proceso de producción bibliográfica del SHRA (1966-1978, 1979-2000 y 2001-2015) destacando las perspectivas de los investigadores actuantes al interior de cada una de estas en el marco de los debates historiográficos ocurridos durante los últimos cincuenta años.</p><p> </p><p><strong>The Peruvian economical history and the role of the Seminario de Historia Rural Andina </strong></p><p>This article analyses the role of the Seminario de Historia Rural Andina and of Pablo Macera designing methodological and theoretical criteria guiding the first research efforts of modern Peruvian economical history in the second half of the XX Century. Such research has been divided into three phases: 1966-1978; 1979-2000; and 2001-2015. Each phase is marked by specific characteristics of the theoretical orientation of the investigators in the context of the history debates that have occurred in the past five decades.</p><p>Keywords: Peru; historiography; economic history; Seminar of Andean Rural History; Pablo Macera.</p>

Public finance during the reign of Catherine the Great

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2138-2150
Author(s):  
L.V. Gudakova ◽  
E.D. Grebennikova
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Banking System ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Monetary Reform ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
The Creation

Subject. We study the main directions and special aspects of the monetary system development during the reign of Catherine II. We discuss the monetary reform associated with the introduction of bank notes and the emergence of the banking system, as well as the creation of new financial systems. Objectives. We focus on identifying the economic reasons that propelled Catherine the Great to use a new instrument of State regulation of the financial system, on showing how the creation of the banking system, still within the conditions of serfdom, acquired its own specifics. Methods. We apply the logical, historical and diachronous approaches, economic research methods. We also use the principles of historical method, dialectics, the method of scientific abstraction and analysis, which determine the foundations of the financial reforms of Catherine the Great. Results. We revealed the role of creating the banking system and non-banking institutions during the second half of the eighteenth century, classified their types and goals, determined the main characteristics of paper money. The monetary reform of Catherine the Great, which created favorable conditions for external borrowings, ensured the recovery of public finance in general. Conclusions. The study concludes on important role of State regulation in the development of financial infrastructure, on the need to use the experience in the modern practice of private enterprise development and capital accumulation. The findings can be used in lectures and seminars for basic courses, like History of Finance and Economic History.

scholarly journals Whither neoliberal penality? The past, present and future of imprisonment in the US

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sappho Xenakis ◽  
Leonidas K Cheliotis
Keyword(s):  
State Regulation ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Considerable Doubt

Debates about the trajectory of prison rates in the US, on one hand, and about the prospects of the neoliberal international order, on the other hand, suggest the time is ripe for a reappraisal of penological scholarship on the relationship between neoliberalism and imprisonment. With the aim of responding to this challenge, this article considers the relevance of the so-called ‘neoliberal penality thesis’ as a framework through which to interpret recent and ongoing developments in US imprisonment. We first set out the core propositions of the thesis and engage with a range of critiques it has attracted regarding the role of crime and government institutions, the evolution and functions of state regulation and welfare provision, and reliance on imprisonment as an indicator of state punitiveness. We then outline the principal arguments that have arisen about the direction of contemporary prison trends in the US, including since Donald Trump was elected to the presidency and took office, and proceed to distil their commonly opaque treatment of the intersections between neoliberalism and imprisonment, also clarifying their respective implications for the neoliberal penality thesis in light of the main critiques levelled previously against it. In so doing, we go beyond the penological field to take into account concerns about the vitality of neoliberalism itself. We conclude that international politico-economic developments have cast considerable doubt over the pertinence of neoliberalism as an organising concept for analysis of emergent penal currents.

scholarly journals Institutions

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglass C North
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Institutional Evolution ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Incentive Structure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Economic

Institutions are the humanly devised constraints that structure political, economic, and social interaction. They consist of both informal constraints (sanctions, taboos, customs, traditions, and codes of conduct), and formal rules (constitutions, laws, property rights). Throughout history, institutions have been devised by human beings to create order and reduce uncertainty in exchange. Together with the standard constraints of economics they define the choice set and therefore determine transaction and production costs and hence the profitability and feasibility of engaging in economic activity. They evolve incrementally, connecting the past with the present and the future; history in consequence is largely a story of institutional evolution in which the historical performance of economies can only be understood as a part of a sequential story. Institutions provide the incentive structure of an economy; as that structure evolves, it shapes the direction of economic change towards growth, stagnation, or decline. In this essay, I intend to elaborate on the role of institutions in the performance of economies and illustrate my analysis from economic history.

scholarly journals New Economic Policy – Practical Experience of Creating a New Socio-Economic Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
V. N. Kovnir ◽  
O. D. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Mixed Economy ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

The article describes the stages and main activities carried out in the framework of the new economic policy (19211927) are considered. The place and role of NEP in the economic history of Russia, despite the past 100 years, are still following discussion issues. In particular, the question of the impact of a new economic policy on the formation of a mixed economy in developed capitalist countries in the second half of the 20th century was relevant. In the 1920s, an economic system was built in Russia in Russia, which can be developed as a mixed economy, which has proven its flexibility and effectiveness in solving the most complicated economic tasks. The article analyzes the experience of NEP based on the use of the methodology of institutional theory. The activities of the authorities during this period were aimed at the adaptation of old institutes, skills, mentality of the population in the conditions of a tight deficit of all resources to new requirements, primarily in the economy. The importance of the tasks facing the tasks and the limited time released by history to their decision determined the choice of a rigid totalitarian style of economic management and society, which did not allow to reveal the potential capabilities of the ECAP economic mechanism.

scholarly journals PERAN LIKUIDITAS DALAM ASSET PRICING DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
Catherine Dwiputri ◽  
Vina Christina Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Asset Pricing ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Systematic Risk ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The Past

Purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence about the role of liquidity in asset pricing in the Indonesian stock market. This study compares the role of liquidity as a characteristic of stocks and liquidity as a source of systematic risk. This study uses a total of 280 sample companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2006 - 2016. In measuring liquidity, this study uses the proportion of zero returns and because liquidity predicts future returns and also moves according to the past. For this reason it is necessary to have innovations to avoid stationarity issues because of the high persistence in liquidity so we use ARMA structure in the portfolio as data analysis method. Data processing was performed using the Fama-Macbeth (1973) model. The results of this study prove that market liquidity has a negative influence on stock returns on the Indonesian market. Thus, the role of liquidity as a systematic risk has an effect on asset pricing on the Indonesian stock market.

US Fertility Rates and Childbearing in American Economic History, 1800–2010

2018 ◽  
pp. 74-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha J. Bailey ◽  
Brad J. Hershbein
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Women's Wages ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Over the past two centuries, the United States has witnessed dramatic changes in fertility rates and childbearing. This chapter describes shifts in childbearing and family size from 1800 to 2010 and describes the role of different factors in this evolution. Demand factors such as industrialization, urbanization, rising family incomes, public health improvements, and the growth in women’s wages generally reduced the benefits and raised the costs of having many children. Supply factors such as increases in infant and child survival and improvements in the technology of contraception and abortion have also altered parents’ decisions about their childbearing. This chapter summarizes the long-run trends in US fertility rates and completed childbearing, both overall and by mothers’ race/ethnicity and geography. Next, it evaluates evidence on the determinants of childbearing, including both economic and demographic explanations for these patterns. A final section weighs the evidence supporting the existence of two fertility transitions.

Shipbuilding and the State in Japan since the 1850s

1977 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seymour Broadbridge
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Private Enterprise ◽  
Banking System ◽  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Government

In the past decade or so there have been several critical revisions of the long-accepted view of the important role of the state in Japan's economic development and programme of modernization generally. Professor Harry Oshima has attempted to demolish the argument that the Meiji governments' policies were at all economically beneficial. On the contrary, he has said, those policies retarded growth, particularly through their neglect of agriculture. Professor Hugh Patrick has cautioned us against giving the Meiji governments too much credit for the development of the banking system. Private enterprise, he has insisted, was also important. Most recently, Professor Kozo Yamamura has delivered yet another broadside against what he considers the myths of Japanese economic history. This time he criticizes the view that the government, by intervening and pioneering model plants, played a significant role in Meiji Japan's industrial dcvelopment.

scholarly journals ROLE OF STATE REGULATION IN OVERCOMING THE ECONOMIC CRISIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (9(39)) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Oleg M. Chechel
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Negative Phenomena

The article examines the issues related to state regulation of the economy during the crisis, considered the problems of determining the feasibility and effects of state regulation in times of crisis, proved that the market economy, due to its inherent weaknesses, is prone to causing the crisis. This process is objective and cyclical. In the past decade, the number of crises, including the world, has increased significantly, which is associated with the growth of the financial sector. Permanent repetition of negative developments in the financial system and has a direct impact on the economy, which proves the need to strengthen state regulation in this sphere. The methods that can be used by different countries, in order to overcome the crisis in the economy was analyzed. It is proved that the administrative methods of crisis management, as a rule, are used in countries where market laws are not effective enough. In turn, in the economically more developed countries are used market-based instruments of crisis management. The features of state regulation of economy in some countries during the recent global economic crisis was investigated. It was found that, in spite of such a list of measures to counter the crisis in the developed countries, they have some differences, primarily related to the specific characteristics and structure of the economy. It was determined that in all the years of independence, the national economy has repeatedly been in crisis, at the same time, even though the experience gained so far has not created an effective mechanism to counter these negative phenomena.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document