Significance of apigenin and rosmarinic acid mediated inhibition pathway of MurG, MurE and DNA adenine methylase enzymes with antibacterial potential derived from the methanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum

There is an alarming increase in the problem of resistance towards antibiotics amongst most of the pathogenic bacterial strains in recent years. This has drawn the attention of researchers around the world to search for novel and eco-friendly antibacterial compounds. Several biological sources have been explored in this respect but medicinal plants have taken a centre stage out of all. Plants have been known as a reservoir of number of bioactive compounds specially the antibacterial ones since time immemorial. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to analyze the antibacterial potential of the medicinal plant Achyranthes aspera. This study revealed that highest antibacterial activity was observed in the methanolic extract of stem against almost all test Bacteria. It showed maximum activity against E.coli (30 mm), followed by S. aureus (28 mm), Enterococcus sp.(25mm), Salmonella typhi ( 20 mm) and least activity was recorded in same extract against K.pneumoniae (6 mm). Four phytochemicals were screened in various solvent extracts. They are alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins and tannins.

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Antimicrobial Activity and HPLC Fingerprinting of CrudeOcimumExtracts

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2011/428019 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1430-1437 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. S. Deo ◽

F. Inam ◽

R. P. Mahashabde

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Strong Activity ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Strong Antimicrobial Activity

The antimicrobial activity of crude methanolic and aqueous extracts ofOcimum sanctumandOcimum kilimandsacharicumagainst gram positive, gram negative and antifungal activity was evaluated to find the zone of inhibition and to set a HPLC profile or fingerprint of these extracts. The crude methanolic extract ofOcimum sanctumshowed strong antimicrobial activity againstS.aureusandC. albicansand moderate activity againstE. coliandB. subtilis. The crude methanolic extract ofOcimum kilimandsacharicumshowed strong antimicrobial activity againstS. aureus, E. coliandC. albicansat higher concentration, same as that shown by the standard forC. albicans. It showed moderate activity againstB. subtilis. The crude aqueous extracts of Ocimum sanctum showed strong antimicrobial activity againstS.aureusand moderate against others. Whereas the crude aqueous extracts ofOcimum kilimandsacharicumshowed moderate activity against the gram positive and gram negative organisms and strong activity againstC. albicansat higher concentration, same as that shown by the standard forC. albicans.

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Evaluation of antipsychotic effect of methanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves on laboratory animals

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science ◽

10.7324/japs.2016.60527 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 171-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kailash Sharma ◽

Milind Parle ◽

Monu Yadav

Keyword(s):

Methanolic Extract ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Antipsychotic Effect

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Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of Ocimum sanctum L. against certain bacterial species and phytochemical analysis

Environment Conservation Journal ◽

10.36953/ecj.2021.22339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 341-345

Author(s):

Aparajita Gupta ◽

Mandeep Kaur

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Antibacterial Efficacy ◽

Minimum Value

In the present study antibacterial efficacy of aqueous and methanol extract obtained from leaves and stem of Ocimum sanctum L. was evaluated against certain test bacterial species viz. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. It is a traditional medicinal herb, commonly used for the treatment of various human health disorders. The antibacterial activity was determined by using agar well diffusion method. Among the solvent extracts tested, aqueous extract of leaves exhibited higher antibacterial activity as compared to methanolic extract of leaves. Maximum antibacterial activity was recorded 17.6 mm against Bacillus cereus and minimum value was recorded 14 mm against S. aureus. Maximum antibacterial efficacy of O. sanctum leaves was found 7.3mm against P. aeruginosa and minimum value was 5mm against B. cereus in methanolic extract. Similar trend has been observed in extract of stem of O. sanctum in aqueous and methanolic solvent. The antibacterial efficacy has been found nil in methanolic extract. However in aqueous extract moderate activity has been recorded i.e. 9.3 mm against E.coli and minimum 7.3 mm against K. pneumoniae. The trend of phytochemicals revealed non significant variation. Phytochemical analysis of leaves and stem extracts of O. sanctum revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents i.e. alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tanins, glycosides.

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The Neuro-Protective Effect of the Methanolic Extract of Perilla frutescens var. japonica and Rosmarinic Acid against H₂O₂-Induced Oxidative Stress in C6 Glial Cells

Biomolecules & Therapeutics ◽

10.4062/biomolther.2015.135 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 338-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ah Young Lee ◽

Ting Ting Wu ◽

Bo Ra Hwang ◽

Jaemin Lee ◽

Myoung-Hee Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Glial Cells ◽

Rosmarinic Acid ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Perilla Frutescens ◽

Neuro Protective Effect

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Potential of Ocimum sanctum L. cell suspensions for rosmarinic acid production

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0034-1394838 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 80 (16) ◽

Author(s):

L Giraldo ◽

V Castro ◽

F Gregory ◽

ACP Dias

Keyword(s):

Rosmarinic Acid ◽

Acid Production ◽

Cell Suspensions ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

L Cell

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Antibacterial potential of methanolic and hexanic extracts of mud lobster (Thalassina anomala) from Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia

Research in Biotechnology ◽

10.25081/rib.2018.v9.3686 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Nor Hafishah Md Zohir ◽

Zakry Fitri Ab Aziz ◽

Amy Halimah Rajaee ◽

Masnindah Malahubban

Keyword(s):

Methanolic Extract ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Body Part ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Inhibitory Response ◽

Body Parts ◽

Hexane Extraction ◽

E Coli ◽

Hexane Extracts ◽

Antibacterial Potential

Present study demonstrated the antibacterial potential of three different body parts, abdomen, carapace and cheliped of mud lobster (Thalassina anomala) which were extracted with methanol and hexane. Three test bacteria were used in this study namely Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica. Present study found that in general, methanolic and hexane extracts of different body parts had variable inhibitory responses on different test bacteria with methanolic extract had greater inhibitory response than hexane extract. In methanol extraction, B. cereus significantly had greatest negative impact (p<0.05) on growth after treated with cheliped (21 mm zone of inhibition) extract of mud lobster as compared to carapace (9.2 mm) and abdominal (8.8 mm) extracts of mud lobster. Overall, the growth of S. enterica was much affected with the presence of all methanolic body-part extracts of mud lobster. In hexane extraction, B. cereus growth was not affected with all body-part extracts of mud lobster. However, E. coli and S. enterica were affected with no significantly different (p>0.05) among body-part extracts and between them. Present study concludes that the extracts of mud lobster of all body-part in methanol possess greater inhibitory effect on bacterial growth than extracts in hexane thus the methanolic extract of mud lobster has the potential to be exploited as a natural source of antibacterial agent.

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Antibacterial potential of indigenous plant extracts against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains isolated from New Delhi region

GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.30574/gscbps.2021.14.2.0053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 185-196

Author(s):

Jatin Chadha ◽

Manish Gupta ◽

Nishtha Nagpal ◽

Madhav Sharma ◽

Tarun Adarsh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Intervention Strategy ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Microbial Pathogens ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Antibacterial Potential

The extensive use of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections has led to the widespread emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, becoming increasingly difficult to treat with currently available antibacterial agents. The present study is based on prospecting the ethnomedicinal potential of Indian plant varieties for the treatment of MDR bacteria. Plants produce an array of diverse pharmacological compounds in defence against microbial pathogens which may be employed as a novel intervention strategy to combat MDR human pathogens. In the present study, the antimicrobial activity of extracts of four common Indian plants: Azadirachta indica (Neem), Murraya koenigii (Kadipatta), Phyllanthus emblica (Amla), and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) prepared in four solvents, water, methanol, ethanol, and chloroform was tested against nine MDR bacterial isolates. Kirby-Bauer well diffusion assays were adopted to assess the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against the MDR strains. The potency of plant extracts was examined by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). All MDR isolates including Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Bacillus subtilis, B. thuringiensis, B. cereus, Enterobacter xiangfangensis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were significantly inhibited by the plant extracts. Test extracts showed promising antibacterial potential against MDR P. aeruginosa and Bacillus sp. with low MIC values ranging between 0.02-1.56 mg/ml, while most plant extracts exhibited either moderate MBC values or bacteriostatic effects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates the potential use of endemic A. indica, M. koenigii, P. emblica, and O. sanctum as therapeutic agents against circulating MDR human pathogens in the national capital.

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