scholarly journals Antibacterial potential of methanolic and hexanic extracts of mud lobster (Thalassina anomala) from Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Hafishah Md Zohir ◽  
Zakry Fitri Ab Aziz ◽  
Amy Halimah Rajaee ◽  
Masnindah Malahubban
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Response ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Hexane Extraction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Present study demonstrated the antibacterial potential of three different body parts, abdomen, carapace and cheliped of mud lobster (Thalassina anomala) which were extracted with methanol and hexane. Three test bacteria were used in this study namely Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica. Present study found that in general, methanolic and hexane extracts of different body parts had variable inhibitory responses on different test bacteria with methanolic extract had greater inhibitory response than hexane extract. In methanol extraction, B. cereus significantly had greatest negative impact (p<0.05) on growth after treated with cheliped (21 mm zone of inhibition) extract of mud lobster as compared to carapace (9.2 mm) and abdominal (8.8 mm) extracts of mud lobster. Overall, the growth of S. enterica was much affected with the presence of all methanolic body-part extracts of mud lobster. In hexane extraction, B. cereus growth was not affected with all body-part extracts of mud lobster. However, E. coli and S. enterica were affected with no significantly different (p>0.05) among body-part extracts and between them. Present study concludes that the extracts of mud lobster of all body-part in methanol possess greater inhibitory effect on bacterial growth than extracts in hexane thus the methanolic extract of mud lobster has the potential to be exploited as a natural source of antibacterial agent.

scholarly journals The Inhibitory Effect of some Plant Extracts on some Pathogenic Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Yasmeen I. Al-Hadidy ◽  
Sabraa S. Yaseen ◽  
Ghazwan M. Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Eucalyptus Leaves ◽  
Alcoholic Extraction

The purpose of the present study is to assay the inhibitory effect of five concentrations 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 % of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts for leaves of the Sidr (Zizyphusspin-csit) and Eucalyptus leaves (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) in vitro, against the three types of the experimental bacteria, which Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium for their clinical importance as common, pathogenic in urinary tract infection by using the well diffusion assay method .The results showed that antimicrobial activity depends on kind of extract and tested microorganism. and the most bioactivity was done by methanol extract than the aqueous extract, the methanolic extract of Sidr leaves presented  the inhibitory effectiveness of all the species used  in this study ,the highest inhibition was 36 mm at 50%concentration against E. coli and methanolic extract of eucalyptus leaves showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of all bacteria except E. coli, showed resistance to the extract, As for the aquatic extracts, all the bacteria species illustrated resistance to the aquatic extracts of the leaves of the Sidr except Staph .aureus Inhibition rates were recorded at 17 and 15 mm at the concentration (30 and 20%), respectively, and the aquatic extracts of Eucalyptus leaves had no inhibitory effect on the growth of all the species used in this study, except S. typhimurium bacteria and all concentrations used. The  result of the qualitative chemical detection of the active compounds found in the extract indicated that it s contains, mainly like flavonids, alkaloids, Tannins and phenols, Saponins, Glycosides. in aquatic and alcoholic extraction.     http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.010

scholarly journals Work-Related Musculoskeletal Complaints in Surgeons

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1482
Author(s):  
Andreea Luciana Rață ◽  
Sorin Barac ◽  
Loredana Luciana Garleanu ◽  
Roxana Ramona Onofrei
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Lumbar Pain ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Musculoskeletal Complaints ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal complaints and potential risk factors among Romanian surgeons. Ninety-five surgeons of different specialties (62.11% males) completed a questionnaire about work-related musculoskeletal complaints (WMSCs). Ninety-one surgeons (95.78%) experienced WMSCs at least in one body part in the last year. Most surgeons reported pain in four body parts (33.68%). The most common WMSCs were reported on the lower back (74.73%), followed by complaints in the neck region (55.79%), shoulder and upper back (46.32%), knee (31.58%), wrist–hand (16.84%), elbow (14.74%), hip (11.58%) and ankle–foot (4.21%). Surgeons rated their pain more severe on upper back, lower back and knees. A higher percentage of male surgeons reported upper back pain (χ2(1) = 5.818, p = 0.015). Significant age differences were found between the reported pain sites (F8,278 = 2.666, p = 0.008); the surgeons reporting wrist–hand pain were younger than those reporting neck, shoulders, elbows, dorsal and lumbar pain. Surgeons with significantly less experience in years reported significantly more WMSCs in wrist–hand, hip and ankle–foot regions compared with those more experienced (p < 0.05). Surgeons are at high risk of developing work-related musculoskeletal complaints, which affects both their professional and personal life. Further studies are needed to identify all risk factors and ergonomic strategies to reduce the prevalence and the negative impact of WMSCs.

scholarly journals The Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Citrullus colocynthis Seeds

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Sundus J. Al-Janabi ◽  
Ali O. Abed ◽  
Majda J. Durwish ◽  
Fitua M. GaAziztta
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Hexane Extracts

Crude methanolic and hexane extracts of seeds of citrullus colocynthis were examined for antimicrobial effects of different concentrations ranging from (3.1- 50) mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Psendomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Entero coccus spp. and Candida albicans. The agar well diffusion methode was used in this study.The extract was found to be active against S.aureus, B.subtilis, P. vulgaris, K. pneumoniae, and PS. aeruginosa at concentrations of (50, 25, 12.5, 6.25) mg/ml.while S. pyogenes and L.monocytogenes were sensitie at (50, 25, 12.5) mg/ml. E. coli shown sensitivity at (50, 25)mg/ml. Enterococcus spp. and Salmonella typhi showed no response. Candida albicans was sensitive to all different concentrations. Hexane extract was less effective against the tested microorganisms than methanolic extract. The results support the notion that Citrullus colocynthis seeds extract may have a role in pharmacentical uses, like antimicrobial drugs.

Transport of escherichia coli through soil to groundwater traced by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rothmaier ◽  
A. Weidenmann ◽  
K. Botzenhart
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Rapd Pattern ◽  
Geological Situation ◽  
Different Strains

Isolates (50) of E. coli obtained from liquid manure (20 bovine, 20 porcine) were genotyped using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Typing revealed 9 and 14 different strains in bovine and porcine liquid manure respectively with no strains in common. One porcine strain, showing a simple RAPD pattern, was subcultured and spread on a test field (1.5l/m2 at 1010 cfu/l) in a drinking water protection zone with loamy to sandy sediments in the Donauried area, Baden-Wurttemberg. Soil samples and groundwaters were collected at monthly intervals October 1994 – June 1995 during which 114 E. coli isolates were recovered. The first occurrence and maximum concentration of E. coli in soil samples taken from more than 20cm depth was in January 1995, declining rapidly with depth and time. All isolates from soil and only one from groundwater showed the RAPD pattern of the spread E. coli strain. The results could not demonstrate a severe negative impact of the spreading of liquid manure on the bacteriological quality of the groundwater in the given geological situation. The distinct strain patterns found in different kinds of liquid manure suggest that genotyping of E. coli by RAPD may be an adequate tool for tracing sources of faecal contamination.

Studies on antibacterial potential and phytochemical screening of different extract of Achyranthes aspera

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5138
Author(s):  
Shyamji Shukla* ◽  
Priyanka Soni ◽  
Harish K. Kewat
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Achyranthes Aspera ◽  
Biological Sources ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

There is an alarming increase in the problem of resistance towards antibiotics amongst most of the pathogenic bacterial strains in recent years. This has drawn the attention of researchers around the world to search for novel and eco-friendly antibacterial compounds. Several biological sources have been explored in this respect but medicinal plants have taken a centre stage out of all. Plants have been known as a reservoir of number of bioactive compounds specially the antibacterial ones since time immemorial. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to analyze the antibacterial potential of the medicinal plant Achyranthes aspera. This study revealed that highest antibacterial activity was observed in the methanolic extract of stem against almost all test Bacteria. It showed maximum activity against E.coli (30 mm), followed by S. aureus (28 mm), Enterococcus sp.(25mm), Salmonella typhi ( 20 mm) and least activity was recorded in same extract against K.pneumoniae (6 mm). Four phytochemicals were screened in various solvent extracts. They are alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins and tannins.

Some key body parts and polysemy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Priestley
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Cultural Bias ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Visible Body

This chapter discusses body part nouns, a part of language that is central to human life, and the polysemy that arises in connection with them. Examples from everyday speech and narrative in various contexts are examined in a Papuan language called Koromu and semantic characteristics of body part nouns in other studies are also considered. Semantic templates are developed for nouns that represent highly visible body parts: for example, wapi ‘hands/arms’, ehi ‘feet/legs’, and their related parts. Culture-specific explications are expressed in a natural metalanguage that can be translated into Koromu to avoid the cultural bias inherent in using other languages and to reveal both distinctive semantic components and similarities to cross-linguistic examples.

scholarly journals A novel bis(pyrazolyl)methane compound as a potential agent against Gram-positive bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Seguí ◽  
John J. Aguilera-Correa ◽  
Elena Domínguez-Jurado ◽  
Christian M. Sánchez-López ◽  
Ramón Pérez-Tanoira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Liver Carcinoma ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Therapeutic Compounds ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

AbstractThis study was designed to propose alternative therapeutic compounds to fight against bacterial pathogens. Thus, a library of nitrogen-based compounds bis(triazolyl)methane (1T–7T) and bis(pyrazolyl)methane (1P–11P) was synthesised following previously reported methodologies and their antibacterial activity was tested using the collection strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, the novel compound 2P was fully characterized by IR, UV–Vis and NMR spectroscopy. To evaluate antibacterial activity, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBICs), and minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs) assays were carried out at different concentrations (2–2000 µg/mL). The MTT assay and Resazurin viability assays were performed in both human liver carcinoma HepG2 and human colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cell lines at 48 h. Of all the synthesised compounds, 2P had an inhibitory effect on Gram-positive strains, especially against S. aureus. The MIC and MBC of 2P were 62.5 and 2000 µg/mL against S. aureus, and 250 and 2000 µg/mL against E. faecalis, respectively. However, these values were > 2000 µg/mL against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. In addition, the MBICs and MBECs of 2P against S. aureus were 125 and > 2000 µg/mL, respectively, whereas these values were > 2000 µg/mL against E. faecalis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. On the other hand, concentrations up to 250 µg/mL of 2P were non-toxic doses for eukaryotic cell cultures. Thus, according to the obtained results, the 2P nitrogen-based compound showed a promising anti-Gram-positive effect (especially against S. aureus) both on planktonic state and biofilm, at non-toxic concentrations.

scholarly journals Flavone-Rich Fractions and Extracts from Oroxylum indicum and Their Antibacterial Activities against Clinically Isolated Zoonotic Bacteria and Free Radical Scavenging Effects

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1773
Author(s):  
Patchima Sithisarn ◽  
Piyanuch Rojsanga ◽  
Pongtip Sithisarn
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Young Fruit ◽  
Oroxylum Indicum ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria

Oroxylum indicum extracts from the seeds collected from Lampang and Pattani provinces in Thailand, and young fruits and flowers exhibited in vitro display antioxidant and antibacterial activities against clinically isolated zoonotic bacteria including Staphylococcus intermedius, Streptococcus suis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, β-hemolytic Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The orange crystals and yellow precipitates were obtained from the preparation processes of the seed extracts. The orange-red crystals from the seeds collected from Lampang province exhibited strong in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging effects (EC50 value = 25.99 ± 3.30 μg/mL) and antibacterial effects on S. intermedius and β-hemolytic E. coli while the yellow precipitate from the same source exhibited only antioxidant activity. Quantitative analysis of phytochemicals in O. indicum samples by spectrophotometric and HPLC techniques showed that they contained different amounts of total phenolic, total flavonoid and three major flavones; baicalin, baicalein and chrysin contents. Young fruit extract, which contained low amounts of flavone contents, still promoted antibacterial effects against the tested bacteria with IC50 values lower than 1 mg/mL and MIC values between 4 to 10 mg/mL in S. intermedius, S. aureus and S suis while higher IC50 and MIC values against P. aeruginosa and β-hemolytic E. coli were found. From scanning electron microscopy, the extract of the young fruit of O. indicum promoted morphological changes in the bacterial cells by disrupting the bacterial cell walls, inducing leakage of the cellular content, and generating the abnormal accumulation of cells. The mechanism of action of the extract for this antibacterial effect may be the disruption of the cell membrane and abnormal cell aggregations. Regression analysis of the results suggests the correlation between total phenolic and total flavonoid contents and antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Baicalin was found to have a high correlation with an inhibitory effect against β-hemolytic E. coli while three unidentified peaks, which could be flavones, showed high correlations with an inhibitory effect against S. intermedius, S. suis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.

scholarly journals The signing body: extensive sign language practice shapes the size of hands and face

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mora ◽  
Anna Sedda ◽  
Teresa Esteban ◽  
Gianna Cocchini
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Spatial Context ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Space Condition ◽  
Hand Size ◽  
Stable Representation ◽  
The Face

AbstractThe representation of the metrics of the hands is distorted, but is susceptible to malleability due to expert dexterity (magicians) and long-term tool use (baseball players). However, it remains unclear whether modulation leads to a stable representation of the hand that is adopted in every circumstance, or whether the modulation is closely linked to the spatial context where the expertise occurs. To this aim, a group of 10 experienced Sign Language (SL) interpreters were recruited to study the selective influence of expertise and space localisation in the metric representation of hands. Experiment 1 explored differences in hands’ size representation between the SL interpreters and 10 age-matched controls in near-reaching (Condition 1) and far-reaching space (Condition 2), using the localisation task. SL interpreters presented reduced hand size in near-reaching condition, with characteristic underestimation of finger lengths, and reduced overestimation of hands and wrists widths in comparison with controls. This difference was lost in far-reaching space, confirming the effect of expertise on hand representations is closely linked to the spatial context where an action is performed. As SL interpreters are also experts in the use of their face with communication purposes, the effects of expertise in the metrics of the face were also studied (Experiment 2). SL interpreters were more accurate than controls, with overall reduction of width overestimation. Overall, expertise modifies the representation of relevant body parts in a specific and context-dependent manner. Hence, different representations of the same body part can coexist simultaneously.

scholarly journals The Phytochemical Analysis of Vinca L. Species Leaf Extracts Is Correlated with the Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antitumor Effects

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 3040
Author(s):  
Alexandra Ciorîță ◽  
Cezara Zăgrean-Tuza ◽  
Augustin C. Moț ◽  
Rahela Carpa ◽  
Marcel Pârvu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Release ◽  
Nitric Oxide Concentration

The phytochemical analysis of Vinca minor, V. herbacea, V. major, and V. major var. variegata leaf extracts showed species-dependent antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic effects correlated with the identified phytoconstituents. Vincamine was present in V. minor, V. major, and V. major var. variegata, while V. minor had the richest alkaloid content, followed by V. herbacea. V. major var. variegata was richest in flavonoids and the highest total phenolic content was found in V. herbacea which also had elevated levels of rutin. Consequently, V. herbacea had the highest antioxidant activity followed by V. major var. variegata. Whereas, the lowest one was of V. major. The V. minor extract showed the most efficient inhibitory effect against both Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. On the other hand, V. herbacea had a good anti-bacterial potential only against S. aureus, which was most affected at morphological levels, as indicated by scanning electron microscopy. The Vinca extracts acted in a dose-depended manner against HaCaT keratinocytes and A375 melanoma cells and moreover, with effects on the ultrastructure, nitric oxide concentration, and lactate dehydrogenase release. Therefore, the Vinca species could be exploited further for the development of alternative treatments in bacterial infections or as anticancer adjuvants.

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