scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical aspects of adaptation-compensatory processes of hydrobionts under the effect of technological factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
O. Honcharova ◽  
◽  
O. Sekiou ◽  
P. Kutishchev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Technological Factors ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Active Substances

Purpose. To study the functional status in the body of the common carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) after the addition of biologically active substances in feed composition as an adaptogene and corrector of metabolic processes including the antioxidant system, catalase activity in carp body. Methodology. The experimental part of the study was performed at the laboratory of the Scientific and Research Laboratory “Aquaculture Perspectives”, Scientific and Research Laboratory of “S. Pentelyuk Physiological and Biochemical Studies”, Scientific and Research Laboratory of Ecological and Chemical Analysis and Water Monitoring of the State Education Institution “Kherson State Agrarian and Economical University” and at the laboratory of the “Kherson Production and Experimental Hatchery of Ordinary Fish Breeding”. The duration of the experimental part was 30 days. During this period, visual observation of the fish was carried out, biological material was collected for the study in accordance with the current methods in fish farming. Cytological studies of blood were carried out on smears using Micromed MDC-500-5MP eyepiece camera. ThermoMix equipment was used to transport biological material to the laboratory. The hydrochemical parameters in tanks of the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) were investigated by express methods (tests) with the corresponding recording of results in the work journal. The reaction and ethology of the common carp Cyprinus carpio to the light was carried out using digital equipment and a LDT test. Findings. The obtained results demonstrated the positive effect of the feed factor as an adaptogene and growth stimulator on the redistribution of metabolic energy in the carp body, which in turn had a stimulating effect on the development rate and improved the general functional status of the fish body. The paper presents the results of morpho-functional, biochemical parameters of carp blood in ontogenesis when grown in recirculating aquaculture systems against the background of the application of elements to improve technological aspects while improving the adaptive capabilities of the fish body. It was found that the feed factor, when introduced into the general economic ration, promoted an increase in the average carp body weight in the experimental group, improved the parameters of homeostatic equilibrium in comparison with fish in the control group. Positive results of a scientific and experimental study on the use of the additive as an adaptogene were obtained; it was studied with the aim of activating protective mechanisms, metabolic processes of aquatic organisms under constant or systematic exposure to stress factors of a technological nature. The study showed that the body weight, yield, total number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin content, total protein, and the level of catalase activity in the experimental groups of fish exceeded these parameters in the control group. The results obtained allowed noting the activation of the antioxidant system, the restructuring of physiological and biochemical processes, mobilization systems in the carp body in the experimental group. Originality. We found a correcting effect of the feed factor on metabolic processes, the adaptive capacity of the fish organism, as well as an increase in the resistance of the body as a whole. After implementing the technological scheme of cultivation of a feed factor of natural origin as an adaptogene against the background of the influence of technological stress factors, we found a correlation between the morpho-functional, biochemical parameters of carp blood and stress markers. Addition of biologically active substances of natural origin with a pronounced adaptive and correcting physiological and biochemical parameters into the general diet of carp improved the adaptive capacity. The antioxidant system was activated against the background of the action of technological factors. Practical value. The results of scientific and experimental studies of the functional status of carp body under the influence of technological factors were presented. Parameters of the development of carp in ontogenesis when growing in recirculating aquaculture systems against the background of the introduction of multilevel elements to improve technological aspects were studied. The results demonstrated the positive effect of biologically active substances invlufrf in the feed mixture, in particular, activation of the growth rate, increase in body weight, and yield. Key words: functional state of the carp body, adaptive and compensatory parameters, development rate, recirculation systems, technological factors.

scholarly journals System of antioxidant protection of the body of piglets under the action of feed additive “Sylimevit”

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (104) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
L. V. Vyslotska ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
O. V. Kozenko ◽  
V. I. Khalak ◽  
M. V. Chornyj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Direct Acting ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Technological Stress

One of the conditions for obtaining high-quality pig products is the use of feed additives, which contain all the necessary biologically active substances, eliminating their deficiency in feed and acting as catalysts for metabolic processes in pigs. That is why the aim of the study was to study the effect of feed additive “Sylimevit” on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic parts of the antioxidant system of piglets after weaning. Two groups of piglets were formed – control and experimental, in the amount of 10 individuals in each group, selected on the principle of analogues – age, breed and body weight. During the weaning period, the piglets were kept under the sow in special machines, had constant access to the mother, and from the age of 5 days – free access to concentrated feed. Feeding of animals was carried out in accordance with the norms for a given age of pigs. Prior to the study, a clinical and physiological examination of the piglets was performed. Their general condition and activity when eating food were taken into account. On the 28th day of life, the piglets were weaned from the sow and regrouped from different nests in order to be further maintained during the period of fattening and rearing with a change in the structure of the diet, which served as technological stress for the animals. From the age of 5 days, piglets of all groups were fed pre-starter feed. Piglets of the experimental group, from 21 to 40 days of age, were additionally fed the feed supplement “Sylimevit” at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight per day. Feeding piglets Silimevit feed enhances their antioxidant status. The use of this feed additive in piglets contributed to the activation of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic parts of the antioxidant defense system of piglets after weaning, as indicated by an increase in blood 35-day-old piglets superoxide dismutase activity by 26.9 % (P < 0.001), catalase – 41.1 % (P < 0.001), glutathione peroxidase – by 52.7 % (P < 0.05), glutathione reductase – by 53.5 % (P < 0.05), the content of reduced glutathione – by 75 % (P < 0.001). This is due to the fact that silimevit contains active substances such as milk thistle and vitamins, which are strong direct-acting antioxidants and directly interact with free radicals and reactive oxygen species.

The effect of an herb mixture supplement on the performance of milking sheep during the summer feeding period

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronisław Borys ◽  
Anna Jarzynowska
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Summer Feeding

An experiment was conducted on 66 milking ewes of the Koluda prolific dairy sheep breed, housed indoors, during summer feeding based on alfalfa forage. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of our own herb mixture supplement added to concentrate feed (in the amount of 10 or 20 g/sheep/day) for milking sheep on consumption of feed and nutrients, as well as body weight, body condition, milk yield, chemical composition of the milk and condition of the udder. The addition of herbs to the concentrate feed increased its content of biologically active substances (ethereal oils and flavonoids) in proportion to the amount of herbs added. The use of the herb supplement had no effect on the body weight or body condition of the sheep. The addition of herbs in the amount of 20 g/sheep/day improved udder health, evaluated on the basis of the electrical resistance of the milk. The use of herbs increased lactation persistence and daily milk yield, which translated to greater milk production. Milk yield from sheep fed with supplements of 10 and 20 g of herbs was greater than in the control, by 8.2% and 16.4%, respectively. No effect of the herb mixture was noted on the content of the basic chemical components of the milk, other than a reduction in the content of milk fat in the case of the 20 g herb supplement.

Neutral Lipids of Oats Fruit (Avena Sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
N. K. Yuldasheva ◽  
S. D. Gusakova ◽  
D. Kh. Nurullaeva ◽  
N. T. Farmanova ◽  
R. P. Zakirova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Active Substances

Introduction. Lipids are a widespread group of biologically active substances in nature, making up the bulk of the organic substances of all living organisms. They accumulate in plants in seeds, as well as in fruits and perform a number of vital functions: they are the main components of cell membranes and the energy reserve for the body.Aim. Study of neutral lipids of sown oats (Avena sativa L.).Materials and methods. The objects of the study were fruits (grains) of oats of the sown variety "Tashkent 1," harvested in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Results and discussions. Neutral lipids of oat grains have been found to contain 13 fatty acids with a predominance of the sum of oleic, linolenic and linoleic acids. The total degree of unsaturation was almost 78%. Absorption bands characteristic of these substances were observed in the IR spectrum of MEGC.Conclusion. According to the results of the NL analysis, oat grains consisted of triacylglycerides and free LCDs, which were accompanied by hydrocarbons, phytosterols, triterpenoids and tocopherols.

THE INFLUENCE OF SORPTION-DETOXIFYING MEANS ON CUMULATION OF 90SR IN BONE TISSUE OF WHITE RATES WITH COMBINED INTAKE OF 137CS, CD AND PB

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
L. L. Zakharova ◽  
◽  
G. A. Zhorov ◽  
V. N. Obryvin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Animal Body ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Active Substances

The article presents the results of laboratory studies of the effect of sorption-detoxifying means on the accumulation of 90Sr in the body of white rats. The efficiency of a number of selective and polyfunctional sorbents, detoxicants and other biologically active substances and the developed on their basis sorption-detoxifying complexes as means of efferent therapy and detoxification of the animal body at the combined intake of xenobiotics of radiation and chemical nature was evaluated. It was found that 90Sr cumulation in bones (at the level of 53,3–60,8%) was reduced to the greatest extent with the combined use of substances of different mechanisms of action and origin. The effectiveness of separate use of detoxifying drugs did not exceed 29,1%.

CONSUMER PROPERTIES OF PASTA WITH POWDER FROM MARIGOLD INFLORESCENCES (TAGETES L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
SHAPOVALOVA Nataliia ◽  
VEZHLIVTSEVA Svitlana ◽  
ANTIUSHKO Dmytro
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Active Substances

Background. The deficiency of essential nutrients in the human body is the root cause of reduced efficiency, general resistance of the body to various diseases. That is an urgent problem in the context of the spread of coronavirus infection. In this regard, the search for opportunities to meet the needs of the population in food products that contain biologically active substances (BAS) through the use of high-value and at the same time available plant raw materials is extremely important. Marigolds attract special attention among such raw materials. The aim of the work is to study the chemical composition and evaluate the consumer properties of Tagetes L. varieties, zoned in the Kiev region, to prove the possibility of increasing the biological value of pasta by adding to their recipe powder from marigold inflorescences. Materials and methods. The object of research is pasta of B group (noodles). Inflorescences of marigolds of different varieties gathered during the flowering period in July-September 2019–2020 in the territory of Vasylkiv and Obukhiv districts of Kyiv region, Ukraine were used as enriching plant raw materials. The quality of finished pasta was assessed by organoleptic and physicochemical indexes (moisture content and titratable acidity). The content of mineral elements in the fine powder of marigold inflorescences was determined on the EXHERT-3L device, the quantitative composition and BAS identification – by spectrophotometric analysis on the device Specord-200 Analytic Jena UV-vis. The integrated quality index of pasta products was calculated taking into account the importance factors of individual indexes. Results. Comparing the obtained results, we can state that all the studied varieties – Gold Kopfen, Orange Flame, Hawaii, Equinox are characterized by high biological value, regardless of the area of collection. As a result of calculated and experimental studies it was determined that the addition of 7 % of the supplement does not provide the required supply of vitamins and minerals. Replacing the flour in the recipe by 20 % significantly improves the mineral composition, but deteriorates the taste and aromatic properties of pasta. The most optimal and rational amount of added additive is 15 %, as it improves the organoleptic properties of pasta and enriches their BAS. Conclusion. The usage of non-traditional vegetable raw materials, in particular powder from marigold inflorescences, which is rich in biologically active substances, allows not only to expand the range, improve the quality of finished products, but also increase the biological value of the product. The optimal amount of additive –powder from marigold inflorescences, was defined. It is 15 % by weight of flour in the production of noodles. This concentration allows not only to improve the organoleptic properties, but also to increase the content of biologically active substances – vitamins, micro- and macronutrients. The usage of non-traditional natural raw materials (powder from marigold inflorescences) allows to abandon artificial colorsand give the finished pasta a pleasant colorand aroma.

scholarly journals Fruits of plants of Amelanchier genus (Amelanchier Medic) as source of biologically active substances and minerals

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-304
Author(s):  
Elena A. Laksaeva
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Polysaccharide Complex ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Active Substances

An interest in plants of Amelanchier genus is stimulated by the necessity of search for plant sources rich in biologically active substances and possessing the ability to influence different physiological processes in a human organism. The article gives information about places of growth of different species of Amelanchier (Amelanchier Medic) and about the fact that its fruits contain high concentration of free sugars, relatively low level of organic acids, sufficient amounts of various vitamins and provitamins and a complex of mineral substances. Nutritive and biological value of Amelanchier fruits in complex may produce a beneficial effect on different biochemical and physiological processes of normal vital activity of a human organism. The data are given about a positive influence of enteral introduction of polysaccharides isolated from Amelanchier fruits, on different physiological processes that enhance adaptational reserves of an organism of experimental animals. In particular, it was shown that watersoluble polysaccharide complex (WSPC) of Amelanchier fruits activates erythropoiesis increasing the amount of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in blood of experimental animals and raises concentration of iron. WSPC improves physical working capacity and increases the body mass of experimental animals. Addition of watersoluble polysaccharide complex of Amelanchier fruits to blood of a healthy donor increases thermal, osmotic and peroxide resistance of erythrocyte membranes thus protecting cells against damage under action of adverse factors in the experiment. Fruits of plants of Amelanchier genus may be recommended to be used as a food additive or a product in dietary and prophylactic therapy.

COMPLEX FEED ADDITIVE TO NORMALIZE METABOLIC PROCESSES OF COWS

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Н.В. БОГОЛЮБОВА ◽  
Р.А. РЫКОВ
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Alt Activity

Изучен способ нормализации обменных процессов и повышения продуктивности молочных коров при использовании комплекса биологически активных веществ. Эксперимент проведен на коровах голштинской породы (n=12) с продуктивностью за предыдущую лактацию 9000 кг молока. За 20 дней до отела и в течение 65 дней после коровы опытной группы получали комплексную кормовую добавку (ККД), включающую минерал шунгит, холин в «защищенной» форме, пробиотик «Целлобактерин+» и жмых льняной, в количестве 200 г на голову в сутки в смеси с концентратами. Для изучения обменных процессов в организме коров (n=5) в конце опыта отобраны пробы крови и определены основные биохимические показатели. Для оценки продуктивных качеств проводили контрольные дойки. Отмечено повышение в крови коров опытной группы концентрации общего белка на 2,8%, глюкозы — на 26,8% (P≤0,01), фосфолипидов — на 15,2% (P≤0,05), снижение мочевины на 23,6% (P≤0,05), билирубина — на 23,8% (P≤0,01), активности АЛТ на 13,11 (P≤0,05), АСТ — на 14,6% (P≤0,05). Использование ККД позволило снизить и привести в норму активность ферментов: лактатдегидрогеназы (ЛДГ), гаммаглутаминтрансферазы (ГГТ), креатинкиназы. Повышение интенсивности обменных процессов и нормализация показателей, характеризующих работу печени с использованием в питании комплекса биологически активных веществ ферментно-пробиотического, антиоксидантного и липотропно-гепатопротекторного действия, привело к повышению молочной продуктивности. A method of normalizing metabolic processes and increasing the productivity of dairy cows using a complex of biologically active substances has been studied. The experiment was carried out on Holstein cows (n = 12) with a productivity for the previous lactation of 9000 kg of milk. 20 days before calving and within 65 days after the cows of the experimental group received a complex feed supplement (CFS), including the mineral shungite, choline in a "protected" form, the probiotic "Cellobacterin +" and flaxseed cake, in an amount of 200 g per head per day mixed with concentrates. To study metabolic processes in the body of cows (n = 5), at the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken and the main biochemical parameters were determined. To assess the productive qualities, control milking was carried out. An increase in the blood of cows of the experimental group was noted in the concentration of total protein by 2.8%, glucose - by 26.8% (P≤0.01), phospholipids — by 15.2% (P≤0.05), a decrease in urea by 23,6% (P≤0.05), bilirubin - by 23.8% (P≤0.01), ALT activity by 13.11 (P≤0.05), AST — by 14.6% (P≤ 0.05). The use of CFS made it possible to reduce and normalize the activity of enzymes: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma glutamine transferase (GGT), creatine kinase. An increase in the intensity of metabolic processes and the normalization of indicators characterizing the work of the liver with the use of a complex of biologically active substances of enzymatic-probiotic, antioxidant and lipotropic-hepatoprotective action in the diet led to an increase in milk productivity.

The regional centile table of the newborn’s body weight for the city of Kiev and the Kiev region

2018 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
V.V. Bila ◽  
◽  
V.O. Golyanovsky ◽  
V.M. Muravyov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Perinatal Center ◽  
Unbalanced Diet ◽  
The City ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

The objective: to develop a regional gestational percentiles table of body weight for newborns in Kiev and Kyiv’s oblast. Materials and methods. Data of the body weight of newborns were collected from Kyiv City Perinatal Center from January 2016 by January 2017. The total number included 5244 live births in the period of gestation 40+0–40+6 weeks of gestation. The standard deviation of the body weight, expressed as the percentage of the average body weight of all newborns, as well as the percentil calculator developed by Hadlock et al, supported by the WHO (2008), was used to generate the percentages and curves of the body weight. Materials and methods. A newborn body weight percentile table was constructed, depending on the gestational age. Differences were observed between the current average body weight of newborns for Kyiv and current WHO links. Conclusion. We found a rise in the average body weight of newborns, which we associate with excessive, unbalanced diet and the prescribing of a complex of multivitamins and biologically active substances during pregnancy. This indicates the importance of using this table for differential diagnosis of normal fetal growth from intrauterine growth restriction and small for fetal gestational age within the region of Kyiv and oblast. Key words: delayed fetal growth, percentile table of the city of Kiev, average body weight of newborns, percentile schedule.

EFFECTS OF ADRENALECTOMY ON THE RELEASE OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND THE ONSET OF PUBERTY IN FEMALE RATS

1977 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. A. MEIJS-ROELOFS ◽  
P. KRAMER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

The involvement of the adrenal gland in the release of gonadotrophins and the onset of puberty in female rats was studied. Two and four days after adrenalectomy (ADX) on either day 5 or 10 after birth, a significant decrease in the concentration of FSH was found; 4 days after ADX on either day 15 or 20, FSH concentrations had increased significantly compared with sham-operated and/or intact controls. However, in the rats adrenalectomized on day 15 or 20, the body weights were lower than in control rats. Relative uterine weights (mg/100 g body wt) in adrenalectomized rats never differed from those of control rats. A delay in the time at which vaginal opening and the first oestrus occurred was found in rats adrenalectomized at 20 or 25 days of age; however this delay was accompanied in these rats by a retardation in the gain in body weight. It is argued that the effects of ADX on both the release of gonadotrophins and the onset of puberty are primarily, and presumably exclusively, due to the effects on general bodily development (expressed in body weight). The lack of effect of ADX on uterine weight supports the hypothesis that 'oestrogen-like' products from the adrenal gland are not biologically active as oestrogens.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary protein intake on the body composition and metabolic parameters of neutered dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Mayumi Kawauchi ◽  
Juliana Toloi Jeremias ◽  
Paula Takeara ◽  
Danilo Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Júlio Cesar de Carvalho Balieiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Time Interaction

AbstractNeutering is a common veterinary recommendation and is often associated with obesity development. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of two different amounts of protein intake by neutered dogs regarding maintenance energy requirement (MER), body composition, and biochemical and hormonal parameters. A total of fourteen healthy adult dogs were fed either a diet containing 59·7 g protein/1000 kcal (4184 kJ) (P60) or a diet with 94·0 g protein/1000 kcal (4184 kJ) (P94) for 26 weeks after neutering to maintain their body weight prior to neutering. A mixed model was fitted to verify diet, time and diet × time interaction effects on biochemical parameters, serum concentrations of insulin, glucagon, leptin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). MER and the body composition data were evaluated within diets (paired t test) and within times (unpaired t test). A time effect was found for fructosamine, TAG, total lipids and IGF-1 serum concentrations. The diet × time interaction was significant for glucagon (P < 0·05). No differences between diets in the MER within each time were found. However, there was a reduction in the MER of dogs fed the P60 diet 26 weeks after neutering (P = 0·042). The fat body mass of dogs fed the P60 diet increased (P < 0·05) after neutering, even without a body-weight change. Some of the biochemical parameters changed over time, but all remained within the normal range. For the period evaluated in the present study, a diet with 94·0 g of protein/1000 kcal (4184 kJ) metabolisable energy seems to be a beneficial nutritional strategy to maintain the MER and the body composition of dogs after neutering.

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