scholarly journals Effect of dietary protein intake on the body composition and metabolic parameters of neutered dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Mayumi Kawauchi ◽  
Juliana Toloi Jeremias ◽  
Paula Takeara ◽  
Danilo Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Júlio Cesar de Carvalho Balieiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Time Interaction

AbstractNeutering is a common veterinary recommendation and is often associated with obesity development. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of two different amounts of protein intake by neutered dogs regarding maintenance energy requirement (MER), body composition, and biochemical and hormonal parameters. A total of fourteen healthy adult dogs were fed either a diet containing 59·7 g protein/1000 kcal (4184 kJ) (P60) or a diet with 94·0 g protein/1000 kcal (4184 kJ) (P94) for 26 weeks after neutering to maintain their body weight prior to neutering. A mixed model was fitted to verify diet, time and diet × time interaction effects on biochemical parameters, serum concentrations of insulin, glucagon, leptin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). MER and the body composition data were evaluated within diets (paired t test) and within times (unpaired t test). A time effect was found for fructosamine, TAG, total lipids and IGF-1 serum concentrations. The diet × time interaction was significant for glucagon (P < 0·05). No differences between diets in the MER within each time were found. However, there was a reduction in the MER of dogs fed the P60 diet 26 weeks after neutering (P = 0·042). The fat body mass of dogs fed the P60 diet increased (P < 0·05) after neutering, even without a body-weight change. Some of the biochemical parameters changed over time, but all remained within the normal range. For the period evaluated in the present study, a diet with 94·0 g of protein/1000 kcal (4184 kJ) metabolisable energy seems to be a beneficial nutritional strategy to maintain the MER and the body composition of dogs after neutering.

The chemical composition of sows during their first lactation

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Mullan ◽  
I. H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Commercial Practice

ABSTRACTIt is common for sows in commercial practice to lose body weight during lactation and if the loss is excessive then performance may be impaired. However, there is little information on the composition of this loss of body weight. In a 2 × 2 factorial experiment gilts were given daily either 2·7 (H) or 1·5 (L) kg food during gestation and either a high (H) (mean intakes of 3·4 and 4·9 kg/day for the H-H and L-H groups, respectively) or low (L, 2·0 kg/day) food intakes during a 31-day lactation. Seventy-three animals were slaughtered at various stages over all treatments and body composition determined by chemical analysis. The content of lipid (Li, kg) and protein (Pr, kg) in the empty body were closely related to live weight (LW, kg) and depth of backfat measured by ultrasound (P2, mm); Li = 0·381 LW + 1·042 P2 - 31·099 (R = 0·95) and Pr = 0·11 LW - 013 P2 + 4·46 (R = 0·67). Prediction equations were used to predict the composition of animals from a previous experiment (Mullan and Williams, 1989). Increasing food intake prior to farrowing increased the amount of lipid (67 v. 38 kg), protein (20 v. 17 kg), water (73 v. 63 kg) and ash (5 v. 4 kg) in the empty body at farrowing. For sows given 2·0 kg/day food during lactation about half of the total loss of body weight was lipid (835 and 570 g/day for the H-L and L-L groups, respectively) and proportionately 0-10 was protein tissue (165 and 125 g/day, respectively). When sows were fed to appetite the heaviest animals lost both lipid (520 g/day) and protein (130 g/day) whereas animals in the L-H group maintained their lipid reserves but lost 65 g protein per day. This study demonstrates the considerable amounts of lipid and protein which may be mobilized by the sow during lactation to buffer the nutritional stress through a low intake of food. The body composition of the sow during the first lactation can be accurately predicted from live weight and depth of backfat.

Body Composition Modifications Due to the “Search, Rescue and Survival Training” in Male Military Firefighter Cadets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Ramos de Barros ◽  
Verônica Pinto Salerno ◽  
Thalita Ponce ◽  
Míriam Raquel Meira Mainenti
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Fat Percentage

ABSTRACT Introduction To train and prepare cadets for a career as firefighters in Rio de Janeiro, the second-year students of the Officers Training Course are submitted to a Search, Rescue, and Survival Training (SRST) course, which is characterized by long periods of high physical exertion and sleep restriction during a 9-day instruction module, and food restriction during a 7-day survival module. The present study investigated changes in the body composition of 39 male cadets submitted to SRST during training and 4 weeks of recovery with no restrictions in food consumption. Materials and Methods Each cadet was evaluated by anthropometric measurements at six time points: pre-SRST; after the first module; after the second module; and after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of recovery. Measurements included body girths and skinfolds, to estimate trunk (chest and waist) and limbs (arm and thigh) dimensions, as well as body composition. Repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman test were applied (depending on each data distribution). Results Statistically significant decreases in body weight (76.2; 69.8-87.2 to 63.9; 58.9-73.5 kg) and fat free mass (FFM, 69.2; 63.7-77.2 to 60.1; 56.2-68.0 kg) were observed following the second module of SRST. Following a single week of recovery, the FFM returned to pre-SRST values. Body weight returned to pre-training levels in 2 weeks. Body fat percentage and mass also significantly decreased during SRST (9.0; 7.7-12.3 to 6.5; 5.1-9.3% and 6.9; 5.6-10.0 to 6.9; 5.6-10.0 kg, respectively), which showed a slower and more gradual recovery that reached pre-SRST values after 4 weeks. The girths of arm, thigh, chest and waist significantly decreased due to SRST. The girths of the limbs (arm and thigh) returned to pre-training values after one month of recovery, while the girths of the trunk (chest and waist) did not return to pre-SRST values during the study period. Conclusions The findings suggest that men who experience periods of high energy demands and sleep restriction followed by a period of food restriction will endure unavoidable physical consequences that can be mostly reversed by a 1-month recovery.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Diet Quality Profile of the Lithuanian Team of Deaf Women’s Basketball Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6749
Author(s):  
Marius Baranauskas ◽  
Valerija Jablonskienė ◽  
Jonas Algis Abaravičius ◽  
Rimantas Stukas
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Women's Basketball ◽  
Basketball Team

There are about 466 million people with hearing impairments in the world. The scientific literature does not provide sufficient data on the actual nutrition and other variables of professional deaf athletes. The objectives of this study were to investigate and evaluate the body composition, the physical working capacity, the nutrition intake, and the blood parameters of iron and vitamin D in the Lithuanian high-performance deaf women’s basketball team players. The female athletes (n = 14) of the Lithuanian deaf basketball team aged 26.4 ± 4.5 years were recruited for an observational cross-sectional study. A 7-day food recall survey method was used to investigate their actual diet. The measurements of the body composition were performed using the BIA (bioelectrical impedance analysis) tetra-polar electrodes. In order to assess the cardiorespiratory and aerobic fitness levels of athletes, ergo-spirometry (on a cycle ergometer) was used to measure the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and the physical working capacity at a heart rate of 170 beats per minute (PWC170). The athletes’ blood tests were taken to investigate the red blood cells, hemoglobin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ferritin, transferrin, iron concentrations, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). The consideration of the VO2peak (55.9 ± 6.1 mL/min/kg of body weight, 95% CI: 51.8, 58.9) and the low VO2peak (56–60 mL/min/kg of body weight) (p = 0.966) in the deaf women’s basketball team players revealed no differences. For the deaf female athletes, the PWC170 was equal to 20.3 ± 2.0 kgm/min/kg of body weight and represented only the average aerobic fitness level. The carbohydrate and protein intakes (5.0 ± 1.3 and 1.3 ± 0.3 g/kg of body weight, respectively) met only the minimum levels recommended for athletes. The fat content of the diet (38.1 ± 4.1% of energy intake) exceeded the maximum recommended content (35% of energy intake) (p = 0.012). The mean blood serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and ferritin (24.1 ± 6.6 nmol/L and 11.0 ± 4.1 µg/L, respectively) predicted vitamin D and iron deficits in athletes. Female athletes had an increased risk of vitamin D and iron deficiencies. Regardless of iron deficiency in the body, the better cardiorespiratory fitness of the deaf female athletes was essentially correlated with the higher skeletal muscle mass (in terms of size) (r = 0.61, p = 0.023), the lower percentage of body fat mass (r = −0.53, p = 0.049), and the reduced intake of fat (r = −0.57, p = 0.040).

Nutritional Status of Patients Undergoing Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Heide ◽  
Andreas Pierratos ◽  
Ramesh Khanna ◽  
Jean Pettit ◽  
Raymond Ogilvie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Over Time

Nutritional follow-up of 20 CAPD patients for 18–24 months showed a decrease in total body nitrogen, increase in total body potassium and body weight, and a decrease in protein intake over time. There was no correlation between changes in TBN and the biochemical parameters measured. Serial dietetic assessments and measurements of total body nitrogen as well as adherence to an adequate protein intake will assist in the prevention of malnutrition in CAPD patients.

scholarly journals Composition of the human foetus

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharad V. Apte ◽  
Leela Iyengar
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Foetus ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

1. The body composition was determined of forty-one fetuses of different gestational ages born to mothers belonging to a low socio-economic group of the population.2. With increasing gestational age the water content fell from 88% at 28 weeks to 76% at term; the fat content increased from 2.1% to 11.2% and the protein content increased from 6.9 to 9.3%.3. The changes in body composition were more closely related to body-weight than to gestational age.4. The calcium, Phosphorus and magnesium contents of the body per unit fat-free weight progressively increased with gestational age, and at term the values appeared to be considerably lower than those reported in the literature. The Ca:P ratio was constant at different body-weights.5. The body iron content per unit of fat-free weight increased marginally with increasing gestational age. The value was almost 30% lower than the values reported from elsewhere.6. It is suggested that chemical composition and nutrient stores of the developing foetus can be considerably influenced by the state of maternal nutrition.

Effect of Growth Rate on Mineral Retention and Body Composition of Growing Lambs

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 102-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wan Zahari ◽  
J K Thompson ◽  
D Scott
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fast Rate ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secondary Objective

The effects of plane of nutrition on the body composition of growing sheep are very apparent when animals are compared at the same age following different nutritional histories. These differences are, however, less obvious when animals of the same breed and sex are compared at the same body weight and at present there is some conjecture whether composition is affected by growth rate. This uncertainty is not limited to fat and protein but includes the bone and ash, fraction and the ash composition.The primary objective of this trial was to study the effects of different growth rates achieved by feeding different amounts of the same concentrate diet on the composition of empty-body gain and on the retention of minerals by growing lambs. A secondary objective was to examine the effect of adding supplementary calcium carbonate to the basal diet at the fast rate of growth.

Effect of exercise duration on feed intake and body composition of Swiss albino mice

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 500-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bulbulian ◽  
K. K. Grunewald ◽  
R. R. Haack
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Daily Exercise ◽  
Albino Mice

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of daily exercise of varying duration on the body composition, weight, and feed intake of mature Swiss albino mice. Fifty-four male mice were equally divided into a control group and five exercise groups (n = 9) performing 20, 40, 60, 120, and 240 min of daily exercise on a treadmill (7.2 m/min). Feed intake and body weight were measured weekly for 10 wk. At the completion of the study the mice were killed and the animal carcasses were chemically analyzed for fat, dry matter, and protein content. The results of this study demonstrate no differences in the body weight among groups (P less than 0.97) with all groups gaining 4.5–5.8 g during the 10-wk period. However, fat content decreased significantly from 15.7% in the control to 12.0% in the 120- and 240-min exercise groups (P less than 0.05). In contrast, protein content showed an insignificant rising trend from 13.0 to 14.6% with increasing duration of exercise. Feed intake showed a nonsignificant drop during the 20-min exercise treatment and remained unchanged among groups. These data show a slight but variable appetite-suppressing effect of light exercise in mice accompanied by favorable body composition changes even in the absence of differences in body weight. These findings suggest the mouse to be an acceptable experimental model for body composition and exercise studies.

Evaluation of Different Mixed Model Nonlinear Functions to Describe the Body Weight Growth of Pigs of Different Sire and Dam Lines1

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Schinckel ◽  
M.E. Einstein ◽  
S. Jungst ◽  
C. Booher ◽  
S. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nonlinear Functions ◽  
Weight Growth

Assessment of body composition measure of bioelectrical impedance in patients operated for pancreatic, gastric and colorectal cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Przemysław Dzierżek ◽  
Krzysztof Kurnol ◽  
Wojciech Hap ◽  
Ewelina Frejlich ◽  
Agata Diakun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intracellular Water ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Neoplastic Disease

Introduction An adequate level of nutrition is important in the period of reconvalescence in patients undergoing major surgery, in particular due to neoplastic disease. Bioelectrical impedance (BIA - Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis) is a widely used technique for assessing body composition. BIA measurement is easy, fast, cheap and repeatable. Material and methods The body composition of 56 patients (25 women and 31 men) was assessed with bioelectrical impedance analysys. All patients was hospitalized and operated in the Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Wrocław Clinical University Hospital in 2017-2018. Results The average weight loss on the 4th postoperative day is 1.32%, and at discharge from hospital 4.23% of body weight in relation to body weight at admission to the ward. The percentage of fat tissue (FM-Fatt Mass) in patients admitted to the ward is above the normal range. The change in body weight composition in hospitalized patients is mainly related to the amount of adipose tissue and the amount of extra- and intracellular water (ECW-Extracellular Water, ICW-Intracellular Water). Conclusions Bioelectrical impedance can be an easy and effective method to assess body composition and its change in patients undergoing major surgery. Patients operated on due to pancreatic cancer lose the highest percentage of body weight until discharge from the ward in relation to body weight at the time of admission to the ward from the analyzed groups. Weight loss mainly occurs as fat loss (FM).

Body composition of Romney-Southdown cross and Merino sheep foetuses at a constant age and a constant body weight

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Australian Merino

1. Body shape and carcass composition have been measured in a dated series of Romney-Southdown cross and Australian Merino sheep foetuses.2. Large differences in shape exist between the two breed groups and these result from growth rate differences in certain components of the bone and muscle tissue.3. Carcass composition at any particular foetal weight, however, is more uniform. In relation to body weight, the Merino has a higher proportion of bone in the body but the proportion of muscle is the same in both breed groups. Nevertheless, the distribution of muscle tissue is changed as there s i a higher proportion of muscle in the hind limb of the Romney-Southdown cross.

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