scholarly journals FLORAL EXTRACTS OF ALLAMANDA BLANCHETII AND ALLAMANDA CATHARTICA ARE COMPARATIVELY HIGHER RESOURCE OF ANTI-OXIDANTS AND POLYSACCHARIDES THAN LEAF AND STEM EXTRACTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandreyi Ghosh ◽  
Sayantan Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Organic Extract ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Objective: The present study undertakes a comparative analysis of the level of secondary metabolites present in the leaf, flower and stem of the two ornamental plants, Allamanda blanchetii and Allamanda cathartica.Methods: The two plant species, Allamanda blanchetii and Allamanda cathartica were collected, washed, shade dried in room temperature and powered in mechanical grinder. Phytochemicals were extracted from the power with methanol and double distilled water. The estimation of flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharide were done by standard methods and the anti-oxidant activity was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) discoloration assay.Results: Our study reveals that the flower of both species contain highest amount of secondary metabolites in crude methanolic and aqueous extracts. In case of leaf, the methanolic extracts contain higher amount of polyphenol, flavonoid and anti-oxidant property in comparison to aqueous extracts, where as the aqueous extract contain higher amount of polysaccharide content than its counterpart. In stem, crude organic extract has higher amount of polyphenol and flavonoid and the aqueous extract has higher amount of polysaccharide and anti-oxidant property.Conclusion: The flower of Allamanda cathartica and Allamanda blanchetii has higher amount of flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharide and the floral extracts display comparatively higher anti-oxidant property.

scholarly journals Total flavonoids and phenolics content of the chosen genus Iris species

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavol Kaššák
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Iris Ensata ◽  
Iris Pseudacorus ◽  
Phenolics Content ◽  
Biochemical Research

This article contains the results of the measurements of the flavonoids and phenolics content in the five Iris species (Iris pseudacorus, Iris crocea, Iris spuria, Iris orientalis and Iris ensata). Chosen plants are mostly grown as ornamental plants because of their colourful flowers, but biochemical research in recent year show that these species also contain in their leaves, roots and flowers some interesting chemical substances that can be used in medicine. In this experiment were used 5 years old plants which were grown on the experimental grounds of Horticulture Faculty in Lednice. For the research were used rhizomes, because the rhizomes are by most authors considered as the richest source of the secondary metabolites. We used lyophilized rhizomes – to measure the content of flavonoids and phenolics in the fresh matter. And air dried rhizomes, which were dried in room temperature (22 °C) for fifteen and fifty days. The results show that the content of the flavonoids in the fresh (lyophylized) rhizomes was highest in the rhizomes of Iris pseudacorus and lowest in the rootstocks of Iris orientalis. The highest phenolics content in the fresh (lyophylized) rhizomes was also in the Iris pseudacorus, the lowest in the Iris crocea.

Biosynthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extracts of Aloe vera and Geranium and Bioleaching Solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Pawlowska ◽  
Zygmunt Sadowski
Keyword(s):  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Nanoparticles Synthesis ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Chemolithotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Cut Leaves

Present work deals with synthesis of copper nanoparticles at the room temperature, using two aqueous extracts prepared from green and dry leaves of Aloe vera and Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens). Finely cut leaves were placed in the flask with the distilled water. The mixture was boiled for 15 min at the temperature of 60°C. After boiling, the mixture was centrifuged and pure extract was used for copper nanoparticles synthesis. The source of copper ions was leaching solution obtained from the bioleaching of copper shale (Kupferschiefier) using chemolithotrophic bacteria such as Acidithiobacillusfrerooxidans. The bioleaching procedure was performed in the column reactor.

scholarly journals Phytochemistry, HPLC profile and antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) seeds grown in arid zones of Algeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Nasir Assam Benziane ◽  
Kamel Acem ◽  
Hbib Aggad ◽  
Mustapha Abdali
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

Abstract Fenugreek is an herb that has the ability to resist multiple environmental insults, pests, diseases and many pathogens through the synthesis of substances allowing this plant protection, these substances are called phytochemical compounds or secondary metabolites. The aim of this study is to characterize these secondary metabolites in the extracts of fenugreek seeds grown in Algeria and compare the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of the aqueous extracts obtained by maceration and decoction. We carried out a “phytochemical screening” on both types of extracts in order to highlight the different classes of secondary metabolites and assaying total polyphenols by the method of Follin ciocaltchu, total alkaloids and tannins contained in these aqueous extracts and appreciate their antioxidant activity using the FRAP technique. A characterization of phytochemical molecules of the two types of Fenugreek extracts was done by chromatographic method with HPLC. Several phytochemical groups were identified in the extracts of fenugreek: tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenes and reducing nitrogen compounds. Chromatographic analysis of the samples show that 4 phytochemical molecules were identified in the aqueous maceration extract: kaempferol, genistein, vanillin and myrecitine and 3 molecules for the aqueous extract of decoction are: rutin, kaempferol and vanillin. The aqueous extract of decoction was characterized by the total polyphenols content (31.7 ± 0.031 mg GAE / 100 g of extract), total alkaloids (2.12 ± 0.015%) and tannins (9.75 ± 0.06%) that are higher than those obtained in the aqueous extract of maceration: total polyphenols (18.9 ± 0.12 mg GAE / 100g of extract), total alkaloids (1.71 ± 0.02%) and 8.69 ± 0.02% for the tannins. A non-significant difference was marked for antioxidant activity found in both types of extracts (56.90 ± 0.013 mg AAE / 100g decoction extract against 56.37 ± 0.24 mg AAE / 100g maceration extract). In the end we conclude that fenugreek may be a promising plant genetic resource responsible for an important biological activity, except its nutritional and therapeutic properties due to their phytochemical compounds.

CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND MICROSCOPIC DETECTION OF GLUCOSINOLATES IN RAPESEED USING N,2,6-TRICHLORO-p- BENZOQUINONEIMINE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. YIU ◽  
F. W. COLLINS ◽  
R. G. FULCHER ◽  
I. ALTOSAAR
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Microscopic Studies

A new histochemical method for detecting glucosinolates in rapeseed (Brassica napus L. ’Midas’) methanolic extracts and rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. ’Candle’) hand-cut sections has been developed using N,2,6-trichloro-p-benzoquinoneimine (TCQ) as the staining reagent. The specificity of TCQ was established by the following experiments. (1) TCQ was used as a spray reagent for detecting thio sugars separated from (a) crude and (b) partially purified rapeseed extracts on silica gel coated chromatograms. By comparison, the reaction of TCQ was relatively more selective than that of alkaline silver nitrate as it detected fewer spots on the chromatogram. (2) Rapeseed extracts and glucosinolate (GS) standards were analyzed on the same plate by one- and two-dimensional chromatography. After spraying with TCQ two of the three spots originated from the extract had the same color (yellow) reaction and similar Rf values as those of 3-butenyl GS and 2-hydroxy-3-butenyl GS. (3) Gas chromatography was used to identify the TCQ-reactive compounds present in the rapeseed extract. 3-butenyl GS and 2-hydroxy-3-butenyl GS were present as major constituents while 4-pentenyl GS, 2-hydroxy-4-pentenyl GS and an hydroxyindolylmethyl GS formed the minor entity. The use of TCQ for detecting glucosinolates in situ was established by the following microscopic studies. Hand-cut sections were prepared, stained with TCQ and examined microscopically. Protein bodies found inside cells of the cotyledon were the only stained (yellow in color) structures. The number of yellow-colored protein bodies decreased if the sections were left untreated at room temperature for more than 10 min prior to staining. Treatment of the sections with distilled water, 70% methanol or myrosinase before staining diminished the stainability of the protein bodies.Key words: Rapeseed structure, glucosinolates, chromatographic analyses, N,2,6-trichloro-p-benzoquinoneimine

scholarly journals Characterization and anti-oxidant activity of Cucurbita maxima Duchesne pulp and seed extracts

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Peninah Njoki Muchirah ◽  
◽  
Rebecca Waihenya ◽  
Shadrack Muya ◽  
Leila Abubakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Percolation Method ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
Seed Extracts

The study aimed to characterize phytochemical composition of C. maxima seeds and pulp. The ethanol and aqueous extract of C. maxima seeds and pulp were done using percolation method. The phytochemical composition of ethanol and aqueous extract were determined using methodology described by the association of official analytical chemists. Qualitative screening of both aqueous and ethanol seed and pulp extracts showed presence of alkaloids, flavanoids, phenolics, carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, terpenoids and proteins. The quantitative tests reported concentration of 0.336g/100g of phenols, 0.012g/100g flavanoids and 0.009g/100g tannins in seed aqueous extracts while 0.213g/100g, 0.175g/100g and 0.016/100g in pulp respectively. The levels of phenols, flavanoids and tannins reported in ethanol extracts were 0.277g/100g, 0.246g/100g and 0.010g/100g in pulp and 0.530g/100g, 0.252g/100g and 0.064g/100g in seed respectively. Saponins were present in ethanol extracts only. The percentage content of alkaloids was 4.9% in pulp and 5.97% in seed aqueous extracts while ethanol pulp and seed extracts was 9.49% and 9.74% respectively. All extracts showed significant levels of anti-oxidant activity at different concentration levels. The presence of these phytochemical compounds shows that C. maxima are a potential medicinal candidate that needs to be explored further for actual use as in pharmaceutical industry

scholarly journals ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 502-508
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saleh Faisal ◽  
Usman Nawaz ◽  
Abdul Matin Khan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Level ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
P Value ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Diabetic Rabbits

Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate the hypoglycaemic effects ofCassia sophera’s powdered seeds and its different fractions. Study Design: An experimentalstudy. Setting: Faculty of Veterinary, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Period:November 2014 to February 2017. Methodology: Initial experiments were designed to find outthe hypoglycaemic effects of Cassia sophera powdered seeds in increasing doses i.e. 2, 3, 4g/kg body weight at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours intervals. The effects of methanolic and aqueousextracts equivalent to 4g/kg body weight of Cassia sophera seeds were also studied in bothnormal and diabetic rabbits. Results: At 4 hours interval, 2grams/kg body weight of grindedseeds results no significant decrease in mean blood level of glucose. At 8 and 12 hours intervals,a significant decrease while at 4, 8 and 12 hours a highly significant reduction were observedwith both 3g/kg and 4g/kg body weight. With methanolic and aqueous extracts equivalent to4g/kg body weight, normal rabbits showed significant decrease i.e. with P value less than 0.05at 8 and 12 hours. In addition, the methanolic extract of Cassia sophera seeds produced betterhypoglycaemia as compared to aqueous extract. The effects of these extracts were comparableto Acetohexamide. The same study was also done in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits and it wasnoticed that Cassia sophera powdered seeds caused significant decrease in blood glucoselevel at increasing doses 2, 3 and 4gram/kg of body weight and highly significant reduction(with P value less than 0.001) in blood level of glucose was noticed with methanolic extracts at4 hours interval which continued upto 8 hours while treatment with aqueous extract with Cassiasophera seeds showed highly significant decrease at 12 hours. Conclusion: It is concludedthat powdered seeds of Cassia sophera constitutes more than one type of hypoglycaemicelements, which have exerted a significant and consistent hypoglycaemic effects in normal andalloxan treated diabetic rabbits.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial, Anti-Oxidant and Cytotoxic Activity of Organic Extracts of Mahogany Seeds

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
. Assaduzzaman ◽  
Md. Ziaul Amin ◽  
Mohammad Habibur Rahman ◽  
Md. Rasel Uddin ◽  
Md. Shohanuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Oxidative Stresses ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Anti Oxidant

The perception of normal medicine is changing, and the use of traditional or herbal medicine increasing worldwide due to our harmonious nature of the biological system. Many parts of the plants possess an impressive array of medicinal benefits, mahogany seed is one of them. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial, anti-oxidant and cytotoxic activity of organic extracts of mahogany seeds. For determination of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity disk diffusion and brine shrimp lethality bioassay were used. DPPH free radical test were performed for evaluation of antioxidant activity. Ethanol, n-hexane and aqueous extracts were examined with the total number of 10 bacterial strain. Here, ethanol extract showed higher antimicrobial activity than n-hexane and aqueous extract for both gram positive and negative bacteria. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay LC50 values were 82 μg/ml, 95 μg/ml and 93 μg/ml for ethanol, n-hexane and aqueous extracts respectively. The scavenging DPPH free radicals were found to be concentration dependent. The LC50 value was measured at 140µg/ml, 160µg/ml and 180µg/ml for ethanol, n-hexane and aqueous extract. The results of this study indicated that the mahogany seeds can be used as an easily accessible source of natural antioxidants and Cytotoxic compounds which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stresses and cell culture assay.

scholarly journals Allelopathic potential and cytostatic activity of Antarctic moss Sanionia georgicouncinata (Amblystegiaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-268
Author(s):  
O. Dziuba ◽  
A. Liubinska ◽  
P. Khoyetskyy ◽  
T. Bedernichek
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Cytostatic Activity ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Maritime Antarctic ◽  
Regional Warming ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
The Antarctic

From the first half of the XX century, the maritime Antarctic was a region with high regional warming rates. At the beginning of the XXI century, regional warming strongly slowed down, but during the next twenty years the near-surface temperatures and mean annual precipitation at the Antarctic Peninsula will most probably increase. Higher temperatures and precipitation make the conditions in the maritime Antarctic more favourable for plants, including invasive species. Moreover, the increasing number of Antarctic tourists unintentionally transport thousands of seeds to the Antarctic on their clothes and equipment. In such circumstances, it is important to evaluate possible defensive mechanisms of native plant species, including their allelopathic potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic potential and cytostatic activity of Sanionia georgicouncinata. This species is widespread in the maritime Antarctic and is one of the most abundant moss species on the Argentine Islands (Wilhelm Archipelago). Seeds of cucumber Cucumis sativus, radish Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus, wheat Triticum vulgare, and amaranth Amaranthus paniculatus were used as bioassay species. Fresh green biomass of S. georgicouncinata was used to prepare aqueous extracts with 1 : 10, 1 : 50, and 1 : 100 plant to water ratios. The average root length of wheat sprouts and cucumber sprouts in distilled water did not differ significantly from those in plant extracts. The root length of radish sprouts in 1 : 50 plant extract was significantly shorter than in distilled water. Meanwhile, in 1 : 50 and 1 : 100 water extracts, roots of amaranth plants were significantly longer than in water. The number of lateral roots of cucumber sprouts in water and studied aqueous extracts varied from 1 to 6 with medians from 3 to 4. The medians of control (distilled water) and sample groups (aqueous extracts) did not differ significantly, but only 38.1 ± 6.1% of cucumber sprouts developed lateral roots in the 1 : 10 aqueous extract of S. georgicouncinata, and even less – 28.3 ± 7.5% in the 1 : 50 aqueous extract. The results of this study show that the allelopathic potential of S. georgicouncinata is low. However, a significant cytostatic activity of the studied extracts shows that this species may still affect other plants and animals. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of the studied extracts on root growth and germination of the invasive plants, particularly Poa annua.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF VOLATILE OIL OF IXORA COCCINIEA AGAINST BURN ISOLATES.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-169
Author(s):  
S Pria ◽  
O.N. Shanmugapriya
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Government Hospital ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Volatile oils are one of the groups of secondary metabolites produced by some plants. Their probable users against burn microbes have received little attention. Burn swabs obtained from ten burned patients at Government hospital, led to the isolation of bacteria using standard methods, the microorganisms were isolated. Then chloroform, methanol and aqueous extract of volatile of Ixora Cocciniea against S.aureus, E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P.vulgaris and K.pnemoniae exhibited antibacterial were found efficacious respectively.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and antioxidant evaluation of millet varieties of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Nosheen Naz ◽  
Allah Rukha ◽  
Nighat Raza ◽  
Umar Farooq ◽  
Kashif Razzaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Evaluation ◽  
Average Quantity ◽  
Β Carotene

The current research was planned to measure the comparative phytochemical and anti-oxidative potential of aqueous and methanolic extracts of two indigenously grown millet varieties of Pakistan. The locally available millet varieties, i.e. MB-87 and AF-POP flours were chemically characterized through the proximate and mineral analysis. The antioxidant extract was prepared in water and methanol. The extracts were screened for saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids and tannins; methanolic extract of MB-87 and AF-POP showed flavonoids in an average quantity (++), whilst aqueous extract had only trace (+) values. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of saponins only in the aqueous extract of both varieties. However, terpenoids and tannins were present in both methanolic and aqueous extracts. During antioxidant evaluation, millet methanolic extracts showed higher level of TPC and DPPH of MB-87 and AF-POP as 0.30±0.001 & 0.23±0.0012 mg GAE/g and 48±0.96 &46±1.09%, respectively. However, the β-carotene activity of the aqueous extract of both varieties (MB-87 and AF-POP) was recorded higher. In a nutshell, the methanolic extract of MB-87 has an appreciable atioxidant profile. Furher research should be planned to screen the important constituents of Pakistani millet varieties.

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