scholarly journals The influence of hydro-meteorological conditions on the spread of chicken cestodiasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Bogach ◽  
A. P. Paliy ◽  
L. V. Perotsʼka ◽  
І. V. Pyvovarova ◽  
V. Y. Stoyanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
The South ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Raillietina Echinobothrida ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Selyaninov Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Poultry Farming

Today one of the important problems in poultry farming and bird keeping both in homesteads and on farms is the spread of endoparasites, which cause a significant decrease in productivity and significant economic damage. Raillietinosis and daveniosis are natural focal tape helminthiases that parasitize in the small intestine of poultry. The research on chicken cestodiasis was carried out on poultry farms in the south of Odessa Region of Ukraine during 2017 and 2019. 4219 chickens of different age groups were examined, which used walking areas, with 1965 chickens – in 2017 and 2254 – in 2019. To assess the wet and dry periods with daily average temperatures above 10 °C, that is the period of active vegetation, the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient (SHC) was used (1937), according to which the spread of chicken cestodiasis was determined. In the south of Odessa Region, the moderate and severe period increased from four to seven months, at which the hydrothermal coefficient amounted to 0.4–0.8. The period of sufficient moisture at a hydrothermal coefficient of 1.0–1.5 decreased from three months of 2017 to two months of 2019 and the hydrothermal coefficient was not calculated for five and three months, respectively. In 2017, the hatching of cestode eggs with bird manure was recorded for nine months: from March (10.1%) to November (5.8%) with high rates in June (27.2%) and September (37.1%), while in 2019, cestode eggs were recorded in February (12.7%) and up to December (2.4%), that is, for 11 months, with the highest rates in May (41.8%) and September (43.9%). The species composition of chicken cestodes is represented by four species: Raillietina echinobothrida (74.2%), which dominates due to a longer low hydrothermal coefficient, as well as R. tetragona (9.8%), R. cesticillus (10.8%) and Davainea proglottina (5.2%). The invasion of ants with cysticercoid R. echinobothrida in 2017 amounted to 19.6%, and in 2019 – 25.9% with an intensity of 1 to 4 specimens.

scholarly journals Avian mycoplasmosis monitoring in the Russian Federation in 2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
A. E. Menshchikova ◽  
T. N. Brundakova ◽  
M. S. Volkov ◽  
V. N. Irza
Keyword(s):  
Serological Test ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Mycoplasma Synoviae ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Poultry Farming

Under the conditions of intensive poultry farming and high concentration of poultry in a limited area mycoplasmoses cause significant economic damage to commercial poultry farming. Of greatest interest are respiratory mycoplasmosis and infectious synovitis, the causative agents of which are Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae, respectively. Considering that both diseases are included in the OIE list of notifiable diseases, it is necessary to perform constant control for their spread. The paper presents an analysis of serological test results for antibodies to mycoplasmosis agents in 2019. Six respiratory mycoplasmosis positive samples – and 129 infectious synovitis positive samples were detected when testing 2,401 chicken serum samples by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results of monitoring tests of samples received from 31 poultry farms (nine RF Subjects) indicate a decrease in the number of Mycoplasma gallisepticuminfected stocks and stable Mycoplasma synoviae situation. The respiratory mycoplasmosis epidemic situation on indoor poultry farms might have improved due to obtaining the poultry for commercial parent stocks from mycoplasmosis-free sources, better sanitary and hygienic conditions, elimination of the disease provoking factors, and the use of the disease-specific means of prevention in the parent broiler stocks. The infectious synovitis situation remains tense despite the fact that the number of Мycoplasma synoviae-infected farms decreased in comparison with the monitoring results for 2015–2018. Most seropositive stocks were detected on the layer farms (50.0% – in 2019). It seems appropriate to increase the amount of tests to be performed and the number of farms covered by testing in 2020 to more fully present the disease spread situation in commercial poultry farming in Russia.

MYCOTOXINS AND MYCOTOXICOSES OF ANIMALS AS AN ACTUAL PROBLEM OF AGRICULTURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
R. S. Ovchinnikov ◽  
◽  
А. V. Kapustin ◽  
A. I. Laishevtsev ◽  
V. A. Savinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Poultry Farming

Mycotoxins and mycotoxicoses represent an actual problem for various fields of agriculture – cattle breeding, pig breeding, poultry farming, fish farming. Mycotoxins (MT) cause harm to the health of animals and enormous economic damage, products of animal husbandry contaminated with mycotoxins can pose a threat to human health. This problem is important from the point of view of providing food and fodder security of the country.

Cumulative reproductive performance effect on overall lifetime productivity in Merino sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1470
Author(s):  
J. S. Richards ◽  
M. A. Sladek ◽  
G. J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
New South ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The South ◽  
Performance Effect ◽  
South West ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effect Of Age

Reproduction is an important driver of profitability in commercial sheep flocks. Historically, Merino flocks have been run with a fixed age structure, ignoring individual merit and casting for age at a specific age. More recently, research has focussed on utilising the variation within age groups by keeping productive older ewes longer and culling less productive ewes earlier. Previous studies have also examined the effect of age on reproduction and the impact of reproduction status on productivity, but little research has been conducted on cumulative effects of reproductive performance on later productivity, reproduction and health. The present study examined the impact of higher lifetime reproduction on other key production and fitness traits in older ewes run under commercial conditions. Data were collected from two commercial wool-producing properties in the South West Slopes and the Central West Plains of New South Wales during 2009–2011. Reproduction, fleece measurements, bodyweight and condition and dental health were recorded during the study. The results showed that age had a bigger effect on productivity and dental health than did cumulative lifetime reproduction. Environment and genetics determined the level of impact, with minimal loss in productivity from increased age of animals occurring in the South West Slopes flock, whereas the Central West Plains flock would appear to require closer monitoring of productivity as ewes aged. The data collected did not allow separation of the genetic and environmental influences within the study. Retaining animals with a higher reproductive performance past normal culling age does not necessarily result in reduction of productivity or ewe health, but this must be monitored.

scholarly journals Morphoquantitative study of the submucous plexus (of Meissner) of the jejunum-ileum of young and old guinea pigs

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo César Zanesco ◽  
Romeu Rodrigues de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Submucous Plexus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electronic Microscope

OBJECTIVE: To study the aging of submucous plexus of the small intestine (jejunum-ileum) of the guinea pigs from the quantitative, structural and ultrastructural perspective. METHOD: Chemical preparations of membrane of the jejunum-ileum of old and young animals with the use of light and electronic microscope. RESULTS: The ganglia of young animals presented between 1 and 56 neurons and the old animals presented from 1 to 30 neurons. The mean density of the ganglia by cm² in the young jejunum-ileum was of 551±36.89 and in the old one 413±11.86. The density of the neurons was 5011±291.11 neurons/cm² average in young animals and 2918±120.70 neurons/cm² in the old ones. The size of the neurons varied in both age groups. The collagen fibers in the ganglia of old animals they were condensed. Degenerated mitochondrias in the interior of the cell were frequent in the old animals. CONCLUSION: In submucous plexus of the jejunum-ileum there is a loss of 38% of the neurons with aging.

scholarly journals Age, Growth and Ovarian Histology of Sardinella aurita (Valenciennes, 1847) in the South of Atlantic Moroccan Coast

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 191-204
Author(s):  
Ayoub Baali ◽  
Oum Keltoum Belhsen ◽  
Khalil Chahdi Ouazzani ◽  
Khadija Amenzoui ◽  
Ahmed Yahyaoui
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Length Frequency Distribution ◽  
Length Frequency ◽  
The South ◽  
Moroccan Coast ◽  
Sardinella Aurita

Otoliths reading and length frequency distribution were used for age determination and growth estimation of Sardinella aurita (round sardinella) stock of Southern Atlantic coast of Morocco. Both otoliths' method for age determination and Bhattacharya’s method for length frequency analysis showed five age groups. The growth performance index revealed that there is significant accordance among method of length frequency distribution and otoliths reading for stock assessment studies of Sardinella aurita stock in the south of Morocco. The microscopic observation of female gonads using histology method was investigated for the first time in our study area and confirms the presence of five principal stages of ovary of sardinella aurita: immature, maturing virgin and recovering spent, mature (or pre-spawning phase), spawning, post-spawning or spent. In addition, our results of the fecundity showed that the mean relative fecundity obtained is estimated at 193 ± 98 oocytes/g which is lower compared to those obtained in other areas in the Atlantic coast.

scholarly journals ЧУТЛИВІСТЬ ЗБУДНИКІВ БАКТЕРІАЛЬНИХ ХВОРОБ ПТИЦІ ДО АНТИБАКТЕРІАЛЬНИХ ПРЕПАРАТІВ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(71)) ◽  
pp. 182-185
Author(s):  
A.A. Fotina ◽  
Zh.E. Klischova
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Pathological Material

The using of antibiotics and antimicrobials drugs without control may leads to the development of numerous complications and resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics. The using of antibiotics and antimicrobials drugs should are controlled on poultry farms. That is why the monitoring and determination of sensitivity of bacterial diseases agents to antimicrobial drugs are very important. Results of salmonellas’ and kolibakterias’ monitoring in poultry’s farms of Ukraine are introduced in the article. Researches were conducted at the Department of veterinary sanitary examination, microbiology, zoohygiene and safety and quality of livestock products of Sumy NAU. Sampling for microbiological studies was conducted from the hatchery and from pathological material and premises where poultry of different age groups was held. The spread of the disease, morbidity, mortality, mortality rate, age characteristics, economic loss what diseases cause to the poultry farms were counted. Identification of Salmonella and Escherichia was conducted by ELISA with using of RIDASCREEN® and LOCATE® test systems, according to methodical recommendations of RIDASCREEN® and LOCATE® test systems using. The results were read visually or after addition of storageco with ELISA–photometer (reader) at 450 nm. Sensitivity to antibiotics was determined by disco – diffusion method in agar. Microbiological monitoring of a number of poultry farms in Ukraine has shown that agents of bacterial diseases’ are widely spread. Between the isolated microflora largest number were accounted for Salmonella (54.1%) and the Escherichia (30.8 per cent). The rest (15,1%) were isolated cultures of Proteus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Campylobacteria, Enterobacteria, and Clostridia Citrobacter. This indicates that systematic control over the availability of the causative agents of bacterial infections in all critical points of production of poultry products is very necessary. Among isolates that were isolated from ill poultry and poultry objects, differences in their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents from active substances that officially have registered in our country were discovered. Bactericidal activity of relatively isolated cultures was showed by colistin, ftorfenicol, zeftiocur, TimTil 250, doxicyclin, enroxil and sarafloxacin.  

scholarly journals Ways to Reduce Energy Costs in Poultry Farms

2018 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Aleksey Sklyar ◽  
Margarita Postnova
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Poultry Farming

Currently, the modern poultry farms are located in regions with different climatic conditions. Thus, the component of the electric power being the base for combined heating and ventilating systems, lighting, and local heating of poultry farms, is great in power engineering on the territory of the Russian Federation. The analysis of energy costs of poultry farms showed that of the estimated options for reducing the cost of electricity for poultry farms, one of the most effective can be an alternative source such as the generation of own electricity. Naturally, for biological production with a continuous technological cycle (poultry farming, for example), seems to be replace about 45-55 % of the needs of the factory and serve as a reserve for the rest, but not cover all 100 % of needs.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Analysis of Neural Tuberculosis in Brazil from 2010 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raissa Barreto Lima ◽  
Thaís Machado Belitardo de Carvalho ◽  
Matheus Campos Ribeiro de Souza ◽  
Lara Teixeira de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Carolina Pachêco de Menezes Rios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The South ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevention And Health Promotion ◽  
Using Data

Background: Neural tuberculosis is an infection of the central nervous system caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bearing in mind that neural tuberculosis is the most severe form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and results in significant morbidity and mortality rates, it is important to analyze its sociodemographic characteristics in Brazil. Objectives: To describe the sociodemographic characteristics of neural tuberculosis cases in Brazil in the period from 2010 to 2020. Design and Setting: Cross-sectional, retrospective, and descriptive study, carried out using data collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and the Hospital Information System (SIH / SUS) of confirmed cases and hospitalizations for neural tuberculosis. Methods: Variables used: region, sex, age group, color/race and year of service. Results: In the period from 2010 to 2020, the number of notified cases of meningoencephalic tuberculosis was 7.451, with mean cases per year of 677.36. The Southeast region was the most affected with 43.8% of the total cases, followed by the South and Northeast regions, with 24.1% and 20.1%, respectively. There was a wide predominance in individuals aged 30-39 years (42.8%) and in the age group 40-59 years (35.9%). The male sex was the most affected with 63.3% of the total. Conclusions: The study shows a predominance of cases in the South and Southeast regions, with a significant prevalence of males and age groups of 20- 59. This could be an alert for new prevention and health promotion strategies for the most affected groups.

Patterns of Analgesic Utilization in the Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea (MSH).

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 2577-2577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir K. Ballas ◽  
William F. McCarthy ◽  
Robert I Bauseman ◽  
Oswaldo L Castro ◽  
Paul S. Swerdlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Analgesic Use ◽  
At Home

Abstract Abstract 2577 Poster Board II-554 Introduction: Chronic and acute pain are characteristic of sickle cell disease (SCD). Opioids are often used at large doses to achieve pain relief. This report summarizes the relationship of patient characteristics to patterns of analgesic utilization by patients in MSH, including both at-home use and use during medical contacts requiring hospital utilization (ER or in-patient admission). Patients and Methods: The sample is the N=299 patients with homozygous SCD enrolled in the MSH, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study of hydroxyurea (HU) as a treatment for SCD. Details of the study have been previously reported (N Engl J Med 1995). Age was examined as 4 quartiles (ages 18–24, 25–29, 30–35, and 36+). For geographic location, MSH sites were clustered into 2 regions (North/South) and 4 regions (Northeast/NE, Midwest/MW, South and West). Data on analgesics use were from three sources. (1) At biweekly follow-up visits, providers recorded the type(s) and dosage of analgesic(s) used at home during that period. (2) In biweekly at-home diaries, patients reported any analgesic use each day. Data from the diaries and the follow-up visits were matched to calculate average daily doses for each biweekly period. (3) During medical contacts, providers recorded types and doses of parenteral and oral analgesics. All doses were converted into equianalgesic doses; those for hospital contacts were divided by contact duration to obtain daily averages. Results: Males and females did not differ in frequency of at-home analgesic use or the number of different analgesics used during each biweekly period. Equianalgesic dosing at home was numerically lower for females but the difference was not statistically significant. For hospital contacts, females were marginally less likely to report any analgesics use (p=.08) but reported more use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS) (p=.009). Equianalgesic dosing for parenteral analgesics was significantly lower for females (p=.015). There were significant age differences in at-home analgesic use. The 18–24 and 36+ quartiles used analgesics less often (p=.001) and used fewer total analgesics (p<.0001); however, equianalgesic dosing did not differ. During hospital contacts, parenteral analgesic use did not differ, but the 18–24 and 36+ age groups were more likely to use both oral analgesics (p=.009) and NSAIDS (p<.0001).By geographic location, there was extreme site-to-site variation. When grouped into 2 regions, lower in-hospital parenteral (p=.0007) dosing, marginally lower oral dosing (p=.09), and fewer total medications used (p=.08) were reported in the South. For 4 regions, frequency of at-home analgesic use and the total number of analgesics used were highest in the NE and lowest in the West. During hospital contacts, parenteral use was highest in the NE and lowest in the West, but the pattern was reversed for oral use and NSAIDs. Average daily dose in-hospital was lower in the South than in the NE or MW. Conclusion: In the MSH, patterns of analgesic utilization were sex, age, and location dependent. In hospital, females have lower dosing and less frequent use along with a greater likelihood of using NSAIDS, possibly substituting for parenteral use. By age, at-home use was lower in the youngest and oldest groups, and in hospital these age groups used more oral analgesics and NSAIDs – again, possibly substituting for parenteral use. Finally, regional differences suggested more frequent parenteral use in the NE, lower parenteral doses in the South, and more frequent oral and NSAID use in the West. Regional differences may reflect site- and provider-specific prescription policies and preferences, but sex and age may also significantly influence analgesic use in adult sickle cell patients. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Impact of Probiotic and Zinc on Brush-border Enzyme and Histoenzymatic Profile in the Small Intestine of Pre and Post-weaned Piglets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arup Kalita ◽  
M. Talukdar ◽  
K. Sarma ◽  
P.C. Kalita ◽  
J.M. Gali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Standard Management ◽  
Brush Border Enzyme

Background: Probiotics and zinc are commonly used and beneficial in pig production. This work aimed to assess the effect of probiotic and zinc on brush-border enzyme activity and histoenzymatic study of the small intestine in pre and post-weaned piglets. Methods: Eighteen LWY piglets were divided equally into control and treatment groups. The piglets were maintained in standard management conditions and were weaned at 28 days of age. The treatment group of piglets fed a mixture of probiotics orally @ 1.25 x 109 CFU/day and zinc @ 2000 ppm/day from birth to 10 days of age. At three different age-groups viz. day 20 (pre-weaning), day 30 (weaning) and day 60 (post-weaning), the animals were sacrificed. For disaccharidase enzyme estimation, the mucosal brush border of the small intestine was scrapped off and the experiment was conducted. For histoenzymatic assay, the small intestine samples were preserved in liquid nitrogen at -196ºC immediately after sacrifice. They were sectioned at 10µm thickness maintained at -20ºC and stained for different histochemical staining. The statistical analysis of the data using the appropriate statistical tests was also conducted. Result: The activity of different brush-border enzymes such as maltase, sucrase and lactase was more in the treatment group of piglets. The activity of different histochemical enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, adenosine tri-phosphatase and non-specific esterase was increased in the treated group of piglets.

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