scholarly journals Influence of seeding density and fertilizing on water consumption, growth and development of maize hybrids

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
V.I. Polyakov ◽  
L.M. Karpuk ◽  
I.D. Prymak
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Consumption Growth ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
The Difference

We presented the analysis of water consumption, growth, and development of maize hybrids depending on crops and fertilizer density. We conducted our research under Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University (Ukraine) educational and production center conditions in 2017-2019. During the active growing season of corn plants (June), moisture reserves in the 0-20 cm layer of the soil decrease to the level of unsatisfactory, and the plants experience a lack of moisture. Although, as results of defining moisture stocks in 0-100 cm layer of soil show, plants begin to assimilate it in the third ten-day period of May actively, and there is a sharp transition to good moisture stocks in the first ten-day period of June and to poor ones in the second and third ten-day periods of June. Cultivation of maize hybrids with FAO over 400 in unstable moisture conditions is quite risky because plants experience a significant lack of moisture in periods of their active growth and development. We have proved that at the density of crops within 55000/ha, the highest coefficients of water consumption were observed compared to plant densities of 65000 and 75000/ha. At hybrid DO Pivikha, the difference between average values of coefficient of water consumption at densities of crops 65000 and 75000/ha, was 25.5 and 46.75 m3/t, at hybrid DO ORLIK – 14.25 and 41.0 m3/t and at hybrid DO SARMAT respectively 17.5 and 39.0 m3/t. We found that the mineral system of fertilization compared with the organic-mineral and organic promotes water consumption growth per unit production in DN Pivikha by 4-15 m3/t, in DN ORLIK by 1-7 m3/t, and in DN SARMAT by 7-15 m3/t. The obtained patterns, for the most part, do not exceed the value of NIR0.05. In general, the duration of the growing season of the plants of the hybrid DO Pivikha was 109 days, and the hybrid DO ORLIK was 122, and the hybrid DO SARMAT was 129 days. These hybrids were in optimal conditions for growth and development and met the declared values of FAO, since for PO Pivikha, the limits of the optimal duration of the vegetation period were determined as 107-115 days, for the hybrid DO ORLIK - 120-125, and for the hybrid DO SARMAT - 128-130 days.

Irrigation regime and water consumption of potatoes in the Republic of Bashkortostan, depending on the reclamation condition of lands

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Guzel Gumerova ◽  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Dmitry Kucher ◽  
Anatoly Shuravilin ◽  
Elena Piven
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
The Republic

Data of long-term researches (2015–2018) in southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan, is justified theoretically and experimentally the mode of irrigation of potatoes on leached chernozems of unsatisfactory, satisfactory and good ameliorative condition of irrigated lands. For the growing periods of potatoes with different heat and moisture supply, the number of watering, the timing of their implementation, irrigation and irrigation norms are established. On lands with unsatisfactory meliorative state the number of irrigation depending on weather conditions of potato vegetation period varied from 0 to 3 (1.5 on average) with average irrigation norm – 990 m3/ha. With satisfactory meliorative state of lands the number of irrigation on average increased from 0 to 4 (2.3 on average) with irrigation norm – 1305 m3/ha. On lands with good meliorative state the number of irrigation was the highest – from 1 to 5 (3 on average) with average irrigation irrigation norm is 1653 m3/ha. It was noted that in the dry periods of potato vegetation the greatest number of watering was carried out (3–5 watering), and in the wet periods (2017) watering was not carried out except for the area with a good reclamation state, where only one irrigation was carried out by the norm of 550 m3/ha. Water consumption of potato was studied in dynamics as a whole during the growing season and the months of the growing season depending on weather conditions of vegetation period and land reclamation condition of irrigated lands, as well as in the control (without irrigation). The lowest total water consumption was in the area without irrigation and averaged 226.8 mm. In irrigated areas, its values increased to 319-353.4 mm. The average daily water consumption varied from 2.12 to 3.3 mm. The highest rates of potato water consumption were observed in June and July, and the lowest – in May and August. In the total water consumption of potatoes on the site without irrigation, the largest share was occupied by atmospheric precipitation and in addition to them the arrival of moisture from the soil. Irrigation water was used in irrigated areas along with precipitation, the share of which was 30.2–46.1 %.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF BRASSICA RAPA'S GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, DEPENDING ON THE TERRITORY OF SOWING THE SEED

2019 ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Serhii Vdovenko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
The Third ◽  
Golden Ball ◽  
And Control

In order to study the effect of the time of sowing seeds on the passage of morphogenesis and productivity of rapeseed, the scheme included experiments where the seeds were sown in I, II, III in April, I and II in May. The experiment used varieties of Golden Ball, Purpurleopop, Purpurov and Geisha, and control was the variant in which the seeds of the Golden Ball varieties were sown in the second decade of April with a row spacing of 45 cm. laboratory - to determine the total yield; statistical - to establish the reliability of the investigated factors. Seed germination analysis used in the experiment ranged from 78.9% to 81.1% on average. The highest indicator of seed germination was characterized by the Purpulepop variety, where the studied value was 83.2%, which was dominated by the seed germination of the control variant by 2.1%. In the early stages of sowing seeds, the period of seedling formation was shorter. Seeding of seeds in the first two decades of April on the surface of the soil was observed for 8 days. The short sprouting period was characterized by all varieties of turnips. As a result of sowing turnip seeds at a later date, namely in the third decade of April - the first and second decade of May and the setting of a higher soil temperature, the period of germination was extended and ranged from 8 to 10 days. By using the term of sowing seeds I-II decade of April, the short interphase period was characterized by Purpleupop and Purpurova varieties, where the specified period was only 22 days. The sowing of turnip seeds at a later date ensured the formation of an interphase period of "seedlings - leaf rosette" in 23-25 days except Purpulopop variety. The interphase period "leaf rosette - the beginning of rooting" and "the beginning of rooting - technical maturity" determined the benefits of early seeding, namely in the first decade of April on varieties Purpulopop and Purpurov.The short vegetation period was characterized by the Golden Ball plants for sowing seeds in the first and third decades of April and the first of May. During the specified seeding period the duration of the growing season was only 40 days. A longer vegetation period was characterized by plants of the Geisha variety for sowing seeds in the first two decades of April. As a result of the use of the researched elements of technology to grow turnips in open soil, the total yield varied from 11.0 t / ha to 24.0 t / ha. The most productive is the first sowing of rapeseed, where its value ranged from 20.6 t / ha to 22.7 t / ha. At the same time, when sowing seeds in the first decade of April, the yield of turnip varieties Purpulepop was the highest and was 22.7 t / ha, or the increase was 2.4 t / ha.

scholarly journals Formation of reproductive organs in an early-ripening soybean variety, depending on the daylight duration

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Valentina Sinegovskaya ◽  
Anna Levina
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Soybean Variety ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Sowing Period

To study the reaction of an early-ripening soybean variety to the formation of plant reproductive organs under the influence of different length of daylight hours, studies of 2 sowing periods in a growing house with a new early-ripening variety Sentyabrinka of the FSBSI FRC VNII of Soybean were conducted. Artificial reduction of the daylight duration to 8 hours was established from the phase of the 3rd triple leaf with alternating day and night periods in each variant 7 times during the growing season. The control was plants whose growth and development took place in natural light conditions. According to the research results, it was found that the change in the daylight duration during the vegetation period had a significant impact on the duration of the phases of plant growth and development, the growing season as a whole. When sowing soybeans on May 28 with a natural daylight, the height of plants and their seed productivity were higher than those of plants with a shortened daylight. At this sowing period, the highest productivity was obtained from one plant – 9.3 g, which is 1.0 g more compared to soybean plants with a sowing period of June 3. The growth of plants, the formation of reproductive organs and the seed productivity of the early-repining variety Sentyabrinka depended on the duration of daylight, which can be regulated by the sowing period.

Evaluation of the level of N supply in maize hybrids at different nutritional levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
A. Ványiné Széles
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Stochastic Correlation ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Average Precipitation ◽  
Average Rainfall

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of fertilisation and year on the SPAD value and on the dynamics of the SPAD value during the growing season.The results proved that the SPAD value steadily decreased over the growing season in a dry year, whereas it increased in a year with favourable precipitation. Fertilisation increased the SPAD values significantly (P<0.001). The significantly highest SPAD value, in both dry years and those with average rainfall, was achieved by applying 60 kg N ha −1 fertiliser active ingredient at the 6-leaf stage, and 120 kg N ha −1 at both the 12-leaf stage and the 50% silking stage.The correlation between fertilisation and SPAD values was greatly affected by the year, being closest in 2004 when there was an average precipitation supply, and weakest in 2007, the driest year. The correlation between the factors was weak at the 6-leaf stage, but became stronger as the vegetation period proceeded.As the growing season progressed, the SPAD values decreased in the dry year, but increased in the year with average precipitation supplies. Nutrient uptake was relatively intensive until the 12-leaf stage in the average year. In the dry year, the decrease in the SPAD value was the most intensive at the 50% silking stage.There was no stochastic correlation between the SPAD value measured at the 6-leaf stage and the yield, but the correlation between the two variables became stronger during the vegetation period.

scholarly journals The growth characteristics of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. in the greenhouse conditions of the Southern coast of the Crimea

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 05013
Author(s):  
Andrey Pashtetsky ◽  
Yuri Plugatar ◽  
Oleg Ilnitsky
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Juniperus Excelsa ◽  
The Crimea

The dependence of the growth intensity of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb on some environmental factors in the greenhouse conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea was studied. Vegetation and trunk diameter growth (d,%) started after March 15. There are two growth peaks: the first growth peak (15.03.–27.07.) led to an increase in d,% by 7.12% (0.053% per day) – with a slowdown in growth (28.04 –27.05) and (13.07 – 25.07) associated with a decrease in air temperature. The second – (12.09 – 18.11) led to an increase in d,% by 5.06% (0.075% per day), while also slowing growth at this time (05.11.–14.11.) was observed. After the second phase of active growth (14.11), there is an access to the growth plateau with the resumption of the growing season only in March next year. During the studied vegetation period (2019), the increase in trunk diameter d,% was 12.18% or 1.89 mm. Optimal conditions of maxima and boundaries of optimal regions for the first growth peak: d%=f(I,Ta) – Ta=22–28°C, I=500–800 mkmol/m2s, for d,%=f(I,Da) – Da=1.8–2.3 kPa, I=500–800 mkmol/m2s. For the second growth peak: d%=f(I,Ta) – Ta=22–26°C, I=400–750 mkmol/m2s, for d,%=f(I, Da) – Da =0.3–1.2 kPa, I=400–750 mkmol/m2s.

scholarly journals The soil water balance and the development of spring soft wheat under various cultivation technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Belyaev ◽  
M. M. Silanteva ◽  
A. V. Matsyura ◽  
L. V. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat

The steppe zone has always attracted people with its resources, despite the fact that it is a zone of risky agriculture. In this research we discovered that soil water balance under the spring soft wheat was negative most of the time of the vegetation period in the Rebrikhinsky district of the Altai Region, and soil moisture consumption during the observation period depends on the technology options and an average values was in the range from 100.9 mm to 131.9 mm. An average soil moisture consumption was 42.5% of spring moisture reserves. In the plots where autumn soil cultivation was not carried out, the average water consumption for the vegetation period was 41.7% of the spring moisture reserves, while in those plots where it was 43.2%, i.e., only 1.5% more. The absence of both autumn and spring tillage led to the consumption of 38.8% moisture from spring soil moisture reserves during the growing season. In the case when only spring tillage was carried out, this value was 44.7%, and if both cultivations were carried out - 43.2%. The difference in the sowing rates practically did not affect the total moisture consumption from the soil, it amounted to 42.2-42.8% of the spring moisture reserves. The maximum difference in water consumption was found when comparing the equipment used for spring tillage and sowing. So, when using Catros and DMC-9000, respectively, an average of 47.5% of spring moisture reserves was spent during the growing season, while using Russian-made equipment – KPE-3,8 or BDM-6*4 and SZP-3.6А, it was 38.9%. The moisture reserves in the meter soil layer decreased in direct proportion to the increase in average plant height.

scholarly journals Growth and development of soybean varieties of the northern ecotype depending on the influence of limiting factors of the growing season

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Marina Evgenievna Belyshkina ◽  
Tamara Petrovna Kobozeva ◽  
Elena Vasilevna Gureyeva
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Heat And Moisture

Based on long-term data, the article considers the peculiarities of growth and development of soybean varieties of the Northern ecotype depending on the conditions of the growing season and the influence of limiting factors. The need of soy plants for heat and moisture increases from seed germination to germination, then to the phases of flowering and bean formation, while their uniform distribution is important. In the absence of abnormal periods of drought or waterlogging, soybean varieties of the Northern ecotype Mature in August – early September. The purpose of the research was to determine the degree of influence of variability of agrometeorological conditions of the vegetation period in different years on the production process of soybean varieties of the Northern ecotype and to assess the possibility of their cultivation in the Ryazan and other regions of the Central district of the Non-Chernozem zone. The experiments were carried out in 2009–2019 years with varieties of soya of Northern ecotype Mahewa, Bright and the Whale. The limiting factor in some years of research in the conditions of the Ryazan region was the lack of moisture, while the biological minimum temperatures were maintained at all stages of growth and development. As a result of the analysis of the average annual temperature and precipitation data, the most favorable conditions for the cultivation of all the studied soybean varieties for seeds are formed in the Bryansk, Oryol and Ryazan regions. For Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kaluga, Moscow, Smolensk and Tula regions, the varieties Kasatka and Mageva are recommended, for Kostroma, Tver, and Yaroslavl – Kasatka. In all areas of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone, these varieties can be used to obtain green mass, silage and haylage.

scholarly journals Production of Ecologically Safe Products When Processing Plants with a Preparation Based on Biohumus

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Olga Zakharova ◽  
Farrukh Musaev ◽  
Mustafa Mustafayev ◽  
Dmitry Kucher ◽  
Farid Mustafayev
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Drug Solution

Biohumus-based preparations are widespread in agricultural production due to the high content of nutrients for plants, which improve their growth and development and, as a result, productivity. GTK indicates sufficient moisture during the growing season, but, given the nature of precipitation, in certain periods, pea plants that are sensitive to moisture, experience a lack of it in the soil and atmospheric air. The research was carried out in the farm Belousov I.V. of Starozhilovsky district. The area of plots is 40 m2. Water for the preparation of the drug solution was taken from a pond located 20 m from the pea field. The object of the study is the seed pea (Pisumsativum), which belongs to the Fabaceae family, the genus Pisum, which forms nodules on metamorphosed roots. As a result, there is a different intensity of nutrient and water consumption in ontogenesis. Watering and spraying pea plants with Humistar preparation made it possible to reliably prove high agronomic and economic efficiency in option 2: activation of enzymes, an increase in the mass of nodules on roots to 69 mg/plant, an improvement in growth to 57 cm and plant development by 5–15 days, an increase in peas yield up to 27,7 dt/ha, accumulation of dry matter in seeds up to 59 g and an increase in the level of profitability up to 80,7%.

scholarly journals Sowing terms as a way to increase yield of soybean varieties with different vegetation period

1970 ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
V.H. Moldovan ◽  
Zh.A. Moldovan ◽  
S.I. Sobchuk
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Individual Productivity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Late Sowing

Purpose. To study of the influence of sowing terms on plant growth and development, formation of indicators of individual productivity and seed yield by soybean varieties with different vegetation period in conditions of the western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field experiment, calculation and weight, mathematical statistics. Results. Weather conditions in the years of the research were characterized by high average daily temperatures against the background of uneven distribution of precipitation by phases of soybean development, which together with the studied factor had a significant impact on the growth and development of soybean plants and seed yield formation. It was found that the studied soybean varieties with different growing seasons react differently to growing conditions. The timing of sowing significantly affects the height of attachment of the lower bean, the number of beans per plant and seeds in the bean, the weight of 1000 seeds and the weight of seeds per 1 plant. However, they have almost no effect on the number of seeds in the bean. It was investigated that the soybean variety Diadema Podillya forms the highest yields at the optimal and late sowing dates, while the soybean of the KiVin, Knyazhna, Khutoryanochka and Triada varieties – at the late sowing period (second decade of May). The increase in seed yield compared to sowing in the optimal time (first decade of May) was 6.6%, 3.1%, 13.8% and 9.6%, respectively. Conclusions. Sowing terms in interaction with the weather conditions of the growing season, have a significant impact on the formation of indicators of individual productivity and seed yield of soybean varieties with different growing seasons. That is why in the conditions of climate change, uneven moisture supply during the growing season and the emergence of new varieties it is advisable to continue research to study the impact of sowing dates, in interaction with other factors, on the formation of individual productivity and yield of soybean seeds.

CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY ELEMENTS INFLUENCE ON NEW SPRING BARLEY BREWING VARIETIES YIELDS

1970 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
O. A. Artyukhova ◽  
O. V. Gladysheva ◽  
V. A. Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mass Growth ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Cultivation Technology

The effect of applying various norms of mineral fertilizers on the biological indicators of crop plants during their growth and development in the Central non-black earth region in 2017-2019 was studied on the varieties of spring barley Vladimir, Reliable and Yaromir.such indicators as plant height, photosynthetic apparatus area, green mass growth, and elements of the yield structure were Studied. It was revealed that on average during the growing season, when the norms of mineral fertilizers were increased, the area of leaf plates increased and, as a result, the increase in green mass growth relative to the control variants increased by 56.3 % at (NРК)30, 82.3 % at (NРК)60, and 126.7 % at (NРК)90. The introduction of mineral fertilizers also influenced the formation of the crop structure. There was an increase in the tillering coefficient of varieties by 15.7%, 5.7 % and 21.3 % (Vladimir, Reliable and Yaromir, respectively) relative to the control, an increase in the number of grains in the ear from 15.1 to 22.4 PCs., the weight of 1000 grains from 48.0 to 55.7 g. and the weight of grain per ear from 0.7 to 1.2 g. There was a strong correlation between the doses of mineral fertilizers and the grain yield from + 0.80 to +1.0, and the variability was calculated.      

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