Law enforcers recognition level emerging threats based on physical appearance and behavior signs the enemy

Purpose: examine the effectiveness of the training method of differential approach to the choice of means of influence on the action of law enforcers opponent with different levels of aggressiveness. Material : the experiment involved 15 students of the Kyiv National Academy of Internal Affairs and the 15 employees of the State Guard of Ukraine. Results : presented curriculum for special physical and tactical training. The program details the conceptual apparatus of THREATS and DANGERS manifestations of different levels of aggressiveness opponent (case analysis of its motor behavior). The study participants underwent 7 day course focused training. The basis of the course is an advanced theoretical base. The base is aimed at developing knowledge and skills of employees in determining the level of danger. Including threats from testing and modeling episodes of extreme situations the options cadets. Conclusions : In the simulated collision situations with aggressive opponent to the students significantly improved the adequacy of the response to the threat of execution time and within the legal grounds. Recognition was determined by the level of aggressiveness manifest manners enemy, his emotions, motivation, motor behavior, positional arrangement for 2 - 3 seconds. The program contributed to the development of qualities: attention, orientation, perception, motor lead.

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Use Of Tai Chi Elements To Increase Respiratory Amplitude

SPORT AND SOCIETY ◽

10.36836/uaic/fefs/10.20 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 11-20

Author(s):

Mihai-Alexandru Citea ◽

Marius Neculaes

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Tai Chi ◽

Sports Club ◽

Optimal Functioning ◽

Physiological Adaptations ◽

Competitive Activity ◽

Abdominal Breathing ◽

Study Participants ◽

Different Levels

High performance sport has a major impact on the physiological adaptations of the respiratory system. The importance of the optimal functioning of this system is essential to achieve top results in high performance sport but also in maintaining a long term health status. Science journals present numerous studies that highlight the benefits of practicing Tai Chi on the general population, with effects ranging from improving cardiac function, to influencing the immune system. The purpose of this study is to identify whether by practicing Tai Chi forms a athlete can change their breathing pattern and develop their respiratory amplitude. The subjects of the study were 22 fencing practitioners, accredited at the Iași Municipal Sports Club (C.S.M. Iași), aged between 14 and 18 years, with over 3 years of competitive activity. Materials and method: The study participants were evaluated initially and at the end of 7 months of practice. The frequency was 3 sessions per week, and the duration of each session was 20-30 minutes. The evaluation consisted in measuring the circumference of the thorax at 3 different levels: subaxillary, medial thorax (T6-T7) and lower rib (diaphragmatic) in maximal inspiration and expiration. Conclusions: A constant evolution is observed in most of the exposed cases. In cases where this evolution is not visible, a change in the breathing mode can be noticed, transforming from an upper rib breathing into a thoracic or abdominal breathing. With the exception of one case, all subjects had an improvement of the value in the lower rib level.

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The need to change the organization of athletes psychological training for competitions

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20202600032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 00032

Author(s):

Alexey Nikolaev ◽

Natalia Shlat ◽

Irina Kolbasova ◽

Julia Timofeeva

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Empirical Data ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Football Players ◽

Psychological Condition ◽

Psychological Training ◽

Tactical Training ◽

And Behavior

The article considers the arguments about the need to rethink the concept of athletes’ psychological training for the competition. The idea of the article is the shift to the teaching the means of individual psychological training of athletes for the competition. The accuracy of this concept is grounded on the empirical data. The article presents the data of the comparative analysis of employing by athletes the means of psychological training for the competition and opinion of coaches about it. The authors explain the reasons why coaches do not prepare football players psychologically in the process of physical, technical, and tactical training. 5 reasons to explain it are considered in the article. In the process of coaches’ training they are taught to regulate the psychological condition and behavior of athletes, but they are not taught how to train the athletes to do that themselves. The necessity of training football players in the means of self-regulation of their psychological condition for the matches has been proved.

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Bacteriophages: from isolation to application

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201022666210426092002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Abdallah S. Abdelsattar ◽

Alyaa Dawoud ◽

Salsabil Makky ◽

Rana Nofal ◽

Ramy K. Aziz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Industry ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Phage Genome ◽

Morphological Structure ◽

High Specificity ◽

Potential Alternative ◽

And Behavior ◽

Phage Isolation ◽

Different Levels ◽

Selection Of

: Bacteriophages are considered as a potential alternative to fight pathogenic bacteria during the antibiotic resistance era. With their high specificity, they are being widely used in various applications: medicine, food industry, agriculture, animal farms, biotechnology, diagnosis, etc. Many techniques have been designed by different researchers for phage isolation, purification, and amplification, each of which has strengths and weaknesses. However, all aim at having a reasonably pure phage sample that can be further characterized. Phages can be characterized based on their physiological, morphological or inactivation tests. Microscopy, in particular, has opened a wide gate not only for visualizing phage morphological structure, but also for monitoring biochemistry and behavior. Meanwhile, computational analysis of phage genomes provides more details about phage history, lifestyle, and potential for toxigenic or lysogenic conversion, which translate to safety in biocontrol and phage therapy applications. This review summarizes phage application pipelines at different levels and addresses specific restrictions and knowledge gaps in the field. Recently developed computational approaches, which are used in phage genome analysis, are critically assessed. We hope that this assessment provides researchers with useful insights for selection of suitable approaches for Phage-related research aims and applications.

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Effects of Distraction in On-Road Level 2 Automated Driving: Impacts on Glance Behavior and Takeover Performance

Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ◽

10.1177/0018720820936793 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 001872082093679

Author(s):

Shiyan Yang ◽

Jonny Kuo ◽

Michael G. Lenné

Keyword(s):

Automated Driving ◽

Test Drive ◽

Secondary Tasks ◽

Music Selection ◽

Driver Monitoring ◽

Monitoring Technologies ◽

And Behavior ◽

The Impact ◽

Level 2 ◽

Different Levels

Objective The paper aimed to investigate glance behaviors under different levels of distraction in automated driving (AD) and understand the impact of distraction levels on driver takeover performance. Background Driver distraction detrimentally affects takeover performance. Glance-based distraction measurement could be a promising method to remind drivers to maintain enough attentiveness before the takeover request in partially AD. Method Thirty-six participants were recruited to drive a Tesla Model S in manual and Autopilot modes on a test track while engaging in secondary tasks, including temperature-control, email-sorting, and music-selection, to impose low and high distractions. During the test drive, participants needed to quickly change the lane as if avoiding an immediate road hazard if they heard an unexpected takeover request (an auditory warning). Driver state and behavior over the test drive were recorded in real time by a driver monitoring system and several other sensors installed in the Tesla vehicle. Results The distribution of off-road glance duration was heavily skewed (with a long tail) by high distractions, with extreme glance duration more than 30 s. Moreover, being eyes-off-road before takeover could cause more delay in the urgent takeover reaction compared to being hands-off-wheel. Conclusion The study measured off-road glance duration under different levels of distraction and demonstrated the impacts of being eyes-off-road and hands-off-wheel on the following takeover performance. Application The findings provide new insights about engagement in Level 2 AD and are useful for the design of driver monitoring technologies for distraction management.

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Effects of Diet and Behavior Therapy on Social and Motor Behavior of Retarded Phenylketonuric Adults: An Experimental Analysis

Pediatric Research ◽

10.1203/00006450-197803000-00004 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 179-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

David Marholin ◽

Robert E Pohl ◽

R Malcolm Stewart ◽

Paul E Touchette ◽

Nancy M Townsend ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Behavior Therapy ◽

Experimental Analysis ◽

Motor Behavior ◽

And Behavior

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Altered Cytokine and BDNF Levels in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1057100/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yvonne M.Y. Han ◽

Suk Yu Yau ◽

Melody M.Y. Chan ◽

Chun Kwok Wong ◽

Agnes S. Chan

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽

Problem Behaviors ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Immune Functions ◽

Children With Asd ◽

Chemokine Ligand ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

And Behavior ◽

Study Participants

Abstract Previous studies have shown that immunological factors are involved in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The present study examined whether immunological abnormalities are associated with cognitive deficits and problem behaviors in children with ASD and whether children with ASD show different immunological biomarkers and brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF levels than typically developing (TD) children. Sixteen TD and 18 children with ASD, aged 6–18 years, voluntarily participated in the study. Participants’ executive functions were measured using neuropsychological tests, and behavioral measures were measured using parent ratings. Immunological measures were assessed by measuring the levels of chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) in participants’ blood serum. Children with ASD showed greater deficits in cognitive functions as well as altered levels of immunological measures when compared to TD children, and their cognitive functions and behavior deficits were significantly associated with increased CCL5 levels and decreased BDNF levels. These results provide evidence to support the notion that altered immune functions are associated with neuronal deficits, are indexed by decreased levels of BDNF and manifest as selective cognitive and behavioral symptoms in individuals with ASD.

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Extracting temporal relationships between weakly coupled peptidergic and motoneuronal signaling: application to Drosophila ecdysis behavior

10.1101/2021.04.06.438565 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Miguel Piñeiro ◽

Wilson Mena ◽

John Ewer ◽

Patricio Orio

Keyword(s):

Motor Behavior ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Motor Sequence ◽

Neuronal Populations ◽

Animal Physiology ◽

Temporal Relationships ◽

Weakly Coupled ◽

Tightly Coupled ◽

Central Nervous Systems ◽

And Behavior

Neuromodulators, such as neuropeptides, can regulate and reconfigure neural circuits to alter their output, affecting in this way animal physiology and behavior. The interplay between the activity of neuronal circuits, their modulation by neuropeptides, and the resulting behavior, is still poorly understood. Here, we present a quantitative framework to study the relationships between the temporal pattern of activity of peptidergic neurons and of motoneurons during Drosophila ecdysis behavior, a highly stereotyped motor sequence that is critical for insect growth. We analyzed, in the time and frequency domains, simultaneous intracellular calcium recordings of peptidergic CCAP (crustacean cardioactive peptide) neurons and motoneurons obtained from isolated central nervous systems throughout fictive ecdysis behavior induced ex vivo by Ecdysis triggering hormone. We found that the activity of both neuronal populations is tightly coupled in a cross-frequency manner, suggesting that CCAP neurons modulate the faster oscillation of motoneurons. To explore this idea further, we used a probabilistic logistic model to show that calcium dynamics in CCAP neurons can predict the oscillation of motoneurons, both in a simple model and in a conductance-base model capable of simulating many of the observed neural dynamics features. Finally, we developed an algorithm to quantify the motor behavior observed in videos of pupal ecdysis, and compared their features to the patterns of neuronal calcium activity recorded ex vivo . We found that the motor activity of the intact animal is more regular than the motoneuronal activity recorded from the ex vivo preparations during fictive ecdysis behavior; the analysis of movement patterns also allowed us to identify a new post-ecdysis phase.

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The Effects of Minimal Group Membership on Young Preschoolers’ Social Preferences, Estimates of Similarity, and Behavioral Attribution

Collabra ◽

10.1525/collabra.44 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Nadja Richter ◽

Harriet Over ◽

Yarrow Dunham

Keyword(s):

Social Preferences ◽

Group Membership ◽

Social Judgments ◽

Group Boundaries ◽

Minimal Group ◽

Group Members ◽

And Behavior ◽

Study Participants ◽

Explicit Measures ◽

Social Assortment

We investigate young children’s sensitivity to minimal group membership. Previous research has suggested that children do not show sensitivity to minimal cues to group membership until the age of five to six, contributing to claims that this is an important transition in the development of intergroup cognition and behavior. In this study, we investigated whether even younger children are sensitive to minimal cues to group membership. Random assignment to one of either of two color groups created a temporary, visually salient minimal group membership in 3 and 4-year-old study participants. Using explicit measures, we tested whether children preferred minimal group members when making social judgments. We find that, in the absence of any knowledge regarding the two groups, children expressed greater liking for ingroup than outgroup targets. Moreover, children estimated that ingroup members would share their preferences. Our findings demonstrate that from early in development, humans assess unknown others on the basis of minimal cues to social similarity and that the perception of group boundaries potentially underlies social assortment in strangers.

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Políticas sociales de protección a las familias en dificultad en tiempos de pandemia

Áreas. Revista Internacional de Ciencias Sociales ◽

10.6018/areas.467221 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 171-182

Author(s):

Enrique Pastor Seller

Keyword(s):

Social Services ◽

Social Protection ◽

Political Role ◽

The Social ◽

El Sistema ◽

Social Difficulties ◽

Policies And Programs ◽

And Behavior ◽

Different Levels

Families generate social capital for society, playing an essential economic, social and political role for social cohesion and sustainability. The emergence of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has profoundly altered family realities and care strategies. The pandemic has highlighted the weaknesses of social protection policies in general and those aimed at families in particular. The article analyzes the changes in family structure and behavior, the social exclusion of households and the protection policies and programs aimed at families with greater social difficulties that are developed by the different public administrations in Spain. The research methodology is based on the systematization and analysis of statistical sources, updated studies and research, and the content analysis of the policies, plans and measures that are developed from the different levels of public administration, especially in the social services system. The research results confirm that social policies for the protection and support of families are scarce, insufficient in coverage and amount, fragmented and unequal in the territories. It is necessary to increase the extension of coverage and the quality of services and social benefits to improve the quality and living conditions of families, especially in times of pandemic peñando un papel económico, social y político imprescindible para la cohesión y sostenibilidad social. La irrupción del coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 ha alterado profundamente las realidades familiares y las estrategias de cuidado. La pandemia ha evidenciado las debilidades de las políticas de protección social en general y las destinadas a las familias en particular. El artículo analiza los cambios en la estructura y comportamientos familiares, la exclusión social de los hogares y las políticas y programas de protección destinadas a las familias con mayores dificultades sociales que se desarrollan desde las diferentes administraciones públicas en España. La metodología de investigación se basa en la sistematización y análisis de fuentes estadísticas, estudios e investigaciones actualizadas y el análisis de contenido de las políticas, planes y medidas que se desarrollan desde los distintos niveles de administración pública, especialmente en el sistema de servicios sociales. Los resultados de la investigación constatan que las políticas sociales de protección y apoyo a las familias son escasas, insuficientes en cobertura y cuantía, fragmentadas y desiguales en los territorios. Es necesario incrementar la extensión de cobertura y la calidad de servicios y prestaciones sociales para mejorar la calidad y condiciones de vida de las familias, especialmente en tiempos de pandemia.

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Mudik during the Covid-19 pandemic, anxiety, and depression among students in Indonesia

Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat ◽

10.22146/bkm.61744 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Metta Rahmadiana ◽

Supra Wimbarti ◽

Ira Paramastri ◽

Atik Triratnawati

Keyword(s):

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Primary Source ◽

Female Students ◽

Self Report ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Male And Female ◽

Related Information ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Study Participants ◽

Different Levels

Purpose: This study explores the occurrence and different levels of anxiety and depression among male and female students who perform or do not perform mudik (homecoming). Investigate the primary source of COVID-19 related information among students. Methods: Online questionnaires consisting of the self-report level of anxiety and depression were delivered to study participants after completing the online informed consent. Quantitative analysis was conducted using the IBM SPSS version 20.0.Results: From a total of 2018 study participants, n=936 were students. Depression (M=8.68; SD= 5.45) was higher among students who did not perform mudik. Meanwhile, the prevalence rate of depression (M=7.18; SD=4.99) was also higher among students who performed mudik. A significant difference [sig (2-tailed) = 0.017; p <0.05)] regarding the level of anxiety was reported higher among female students (M=7.80; SD=4.6) than male students (M=7.03; SD=4.7) and no significant difference [sig (2-tailed) = 0.173; p> 0.05] was reported for the level of depression between male and female students. Instagram was reported as the primary source of COVID-19 related information. Conclusion: This current study supports the notion regarding the occurrence of common mental disorders among students as an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, regardless of whether homecoming was performed or not. Different levels of anxiety and depression were reported between the male and female student population.

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