Clinically Applicable Self-Healing Dental Resin Composites

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Huyang ◽  
Jirun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Dental Resin ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Restoration Failure ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Dental Restorative

ABSTRACTSelf-healing is one of the most desired material properties. Herein, we present the design and development of a new self-healing dental composite (SHDC) that can heal micro-cracks autonomously. The SHDC has two functional components in addition to contemporary dental composites: healing powder (HP) and healing liquid (HL) encapsulated in silica microcapsules. The autonomous healing is triggered by micro-cracks which fracture microcapsules in their propagation path and release the HL. As a consequence, the released HL dissolves and reacts with the HP, and then fill the micro-cracks with a cement-like new material. This 3-step crack-release-heal process prevents micro-cracks from causing restoration failure, thus improving the service life of dental restorative material. The mechanical performance of the SHDC prepared were evaluated in terms of elastic modulus and fracture toughness, which were in the upper level compared to commercial dental restorative materials, and the self-healing capability was confirmed through fracture toughness recovery test. In addition, the SHDCs were made with clinically-tested, biocompatible materials, which makes them readily applicable as medical devices.

scholarly journals Development of an Innovative Urease-Aided Self-Healing Dental Composite

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Mostafa Seifan ◽  
Zahra Sarabadani ◽  
Aydin Berenjian
Keyword(s):  
Healing Process ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Dental Restoration ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Dental Composites ◽  
Resin Matrix ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Urease Enzyme ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Dental Restorative

Dental restorative materials suffer from major drawbacks, namely fracture and shrinkage, which result in failure and require restoration and replacement. There are different methods to address these issues, such as increasing the filler load or changing the resin matrix of the composite. In the present work, we introduce a new viable process to heal the generated cracks with the aid of urease enzyme. In this system, urease breaks down the salivary urea which later binds with calcium to form calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The formation of insoluble CaCO3 fills any resultant fracture or shrinkage from the dental composure hardening step. The healing process and the formation of CaCO3 within dental composites were successfully confirmed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS) methods. This research demonstrates a new protocol to increase the service life of dental restoration composites in the near future.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties Assessment of Low-Content Capsule-Based Self-Healing Structural Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5739
Author(s):  
Xenia Tsilimigkra ◽  
Dimitrios Bekas ◽  
Maria Kosarli ◽  
Stavros Tsantzalis ◽  
Alkiviadis Paipetis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Healing Efficiency ◽  
A Minor

Microcapsule-based carbon fiber reinforced composites were manufactured by wet layup, in order to assess their mechanical properties and determine their healing efficiency. Microcapsules at 10%wt. containing bisphenol-A epoxy, encapsulated in a urea formaldehyde (UF) shell, were employed with Scandium (III) Triflate (Sc (OTf)3) as the catalyst. The investigation was deployed with two main directions. The first monitored changes to the mechanical performance due to the presence of the healing agent within the composite. More precisely, a minor decrease in interlaminar fracture toughness (GIIC) (−14%), flexural strength (−12%) and modulus (−4%) compared to the reference material was reported. The second direction evaluated the healing efficiency. The experimental results showed significant recovery in fracture toughness up to 84% after the healing process, while flexural strength and modulus healing rates reached up to 14% and 23%, respectively. The Acoustic Emission technique was used to support the experimental results by the onsite monitoring.

scholarly journals Effect of Micro Solidification Crack on Mechanical Performance of Remote Laser Welded AA6063 Fillet Lap Joint in Automotive Battery Tray Construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4522
Author(s):  
Tianzhu Sun ◽  
Pasquale Franciosa ◽  
Conghui Liu ◽  
Fabio Pierro ◽  
Darek Ceglarek
Keyword(s):  
Laser Welding ◽  
Fusion Zone ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Lap Joints ◽  
Fatigue Durability ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Remote Laser Welding ◽  
Weld Fatigue ◽  
Weld Root

Remote laser welding (RLW) has shown a number of benefits of joining 6xxx aluminium alloys such as high processing speed and process flexibility. However, the crack susceptibility of 6xxx aluminium alloys during RLW process is still an open problem. This paper experimentally assesses the impact of transverse micro cracks on joint strength and fatigue durability in remote laser welding of AA6063-T6 fillet lap joints. Distribution and morphology of transverse micro cracks were acquired by scanning electron microscope (SEM) on cross-sections. Grain morphology in the weld zone was determined by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) while static tensile and dynamic fatigue tests were carried out to evaluate weld mechanical performance. Results revealed that increasing welding speed from 2 m/min to 6 m/min did not introduce additional transverse micro cracks. Additionally, welding at 2 m/min resulted in tensile strength improvement by 30% compared to 6 m/min due to the expansion of fusion zone, measured by the throat thickness, and refinement of columnar grains near fusion lines. Furthermore, the weld fatigue durability is significantly higher when fracture occurs in weld root instead of fusion zone. This can be achieved by increasing weld root angle with optimum weld fatigue durability at around 55°.

Effect of toughened polyamide-coated carbon fiber fabric on the mechanical performance and fracture toughness of CFRP

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832199945
Author(s):  
Jong H Eun ◽  
Bo K Choi ◽  
Sun M Sung ◽  
Min S Kim ◽  
Joon S Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Internal Damage ◽  
Impact Tests ◽  
Flexural Tests ◽  
The Impact

In this study, carbon/epoxy composites were manufactured by coating with a polyamide at different weight percentages (5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, and 20 wt.%) to improve their impact resistance and fracture toughness. The chemical reaction between the polyamide and epoxy resin were examined by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The mechanical properties and fracture toughness of the carbon/epoxy composites were analyzed. The mechanical properties of the carbon/epoxy composites, such as transverse flexural tests, longitudinal flexural tests, and impact tests, were investigated. After the impact tests, an ultrasonic C-scan was performed to reveal the internal damage area. The interlaminar fracture toughness of the carbon/epoxy composites was measured using a mode I test. The critical energy release rates were increased by 77% compared to the virgin carbon/epoxy composites. The surface morphology of the fractured surface was observed. The toughening mechanism of the carbon/epoxy composites was suggested based on the confirmed experimental data.

scholarly journals The Photoinitiators Used in Resin Based Dental Composite—A Review and Future Perspectives

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Andrea Kowalska ◽  
Jerzy Sokolowski ◽  
Kinga Bociong
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Degree Of Conversion ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Dental Composites ◽  
Dental Resin ◽  
Dental Resins ◽  
Light Curing

The presented paper concerns current knowledge of commercial and alternative photoinitiator systems used in dentistry. It discusses alternative and commercial photoinitiators and focuses on mechanisms of polymerization process, in vitro measurement methods and factors influencing the degree of conversion and hardness of dental resins. PubMed, Academia.edu, Google Scholar, Elsevier, ResearchGate and Mendeley, analysis from 1985 to 2020 were searched electronically with appropriate keywords. Over 60 articles were chosen based on relevance to this review. Dental light-cured composites are the most common filling used in dentistry, but every photoinitiator system requires proper light-curing system with suitable spectrum of light. Alternation of photoinitiator might cause changing the values of biomechanical properties such as: degree of conversion, hardness, biocompatibility. This review contains comparison of biomechanical properties of dental composites including different photosensitizers among other: camphorquinone, phenanthrenequinone, benzophenone and 1-phenyl-1,2 propanedione, trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide, benzoyl peroxide. The major aim of this article was to point out alternative photoinitiators which would compensate the disadvantages of camphorquinone such as: yellow staining or poor biocompatibility and also would have mechanical properties as satisfactory as camphorquinone. Research showed there is not an adequate photoinitiator which can be as sufficient as camphorquinone (CQ), but alternative photosensitizers like: benzoyl germanium or novel acylphosphine oxide photoinitiators used synergistically with CQ are able to improve aesthetic properties and degree of conversion of dental resin.

scholarly journals Research on Thermal Stability and Properties of Ca3ZrSi2O9 as Potential T/EBC Materials

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Yangyang Pan ◽  
Bo Liang ◽  
Yaran Niu ◽  
Dijuan Han ◽  
Dongdong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Thermal Barrier ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Barrier Coating

In this study, a new coating material for thermal barrier coating (TBC) or environment barrier coating (EBC) application, Ca3ZrSi2O9 (CZSO), was synthesized and prepared by atmospheric plasma spray (APS) technology. The evolution of the phases and microstructures of the coatings with different thermal-aged were characterized by XRD, XRF, EDS and SEM, respectively. The thermal stability was measured by TG-DTA and DSC. The mechanical and thermal properties, including Vickers hardness (HV), fracture toughness (KIC), thermal conductivity () and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) were focused on. It was found that the as-sprayed CZSO coating contained amorphous phase. Crystalline transformation happened at 900–960 ∘C and no mass changes took place from room temperature (RT) to 1300 ∘C. The phenomena of microcrack self-healing and composition uniformity were observed during thermal aging. The of coating was very low at about 0.57–0.80 Wm−1K−1 in 200–1200 ∘C. The combined properties indicated that the CZSO coating might be a potential T/EBC material.

Self-Healing and Repairing Concrete Cracks Based on Bio-Mineralization

2014 ◽  
Vol 629-630 ◽  
pp. 494-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Xiang Qian ◽  
Mian Luo ◽  
Li Fu Ren ◽  
Rui Xing Wang ◽  
Rui Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Capillary Suction ◽  
Water Permeation ◽  
Carbonate Ions ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Small Cracks ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

In this paper, three bio-mineralization mechanisms were proposed to repair cement-based materials cracks. The common feature is that the three are all induced by bacterial. A type of bacterial which can decompose urea and release carbonate ions could be applied to repair micro cracks on concrete surface when combining calcium ions. But what need to be noted is that the way of repairing cracks is passive. Some alkaliphilic bacterial spores could be added to concrete when casted and two different types of bacterial were used to realize the function of self-healing. The sources of carbonate ions made them different, the one release carbonate dioxide through its own cellular respiration, the other could transfer carbon dioxide in air to bicarbonate. Coefficient of capillary suction, apparent water permeation coefficient and area repairing rate were applied to characterize the repairing effectiveness. The tests results were that all three bio-mineralization mechanisms showed excellent repair effect to small cracks formed at early ages. When the bacteria were immobilized by ceramsite, the self-healing effect could be improved for the cracks formed at late ages.

The Fracture Toughness Characteristics of Three Dental Composite Resins

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-231
Author(s):  
Y. Higo ◽  
D. Damri ◽  
S. Nunomura ◽  
K. Kumada ◽  
N. Sawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Dental Composite Resins

Design and development of novel reactive amine nanocontainers for a self-healing epoxy adhesive: self-repairing investigation using the lap shear test

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (27) ◽  
pp. 21023-21032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Khoee ◽  
Zahra Kachoei
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Shear Test ◽  
Epoxy Adhesive ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Lap Shear Test ◽  
P Recovery

Recovery of fracture toughness of a self-healing epoxy adhesive is achieved by using a novel amine nanocontainer.

Mechanical responses of microencapsulated self-healing cementitious composites under compressive loading based on a micromechanical damage-healing model

2021 ◽  
pp. 105678952110112
Author(s):  
Kaihang Han ◽  
Jiann-Wen Woody Ju ◽  
Yinghui Zhu ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Tien-Shu Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Micromechanical Model ◽  
Cementitious Composites ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Damage Degree ◽  
Healing Efficiency ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Healing Agent ◽  
Damage Healing

The cementitious composites with microencapsulated healing agents have become a class of hotspots in the field of construction materials, and they have very broad application prospects and research values. The in-depth study on multi-scale mechanical behaviors of microencapsulated self-healing cementitious composites is critical to quantitatively account for the mechanical response during the damage-healing process. This paper proposes a three-dimensional evolutionary micromechanical model to quantitatively explain the self-healing effects of microencapsulated healing agents on the damage induced by microcracks. By virtue of the proposed 3 D micromechanical model, the evolutionary domains of microcrack growth (DMG) and corresponding compliances of the initial, extended and repaired phases are obtained. Moreover, the elaborate studies are conducted to inspect the effects of various system parameters involving the healing efficiency, fracture toughness and preloading-induced damage degrees on the compliances and stress-strain relations. The results indicate that relatively significant healing efficiency, preloading-induced damage degree and the fracture toughness of polymerized healing agent with the matrix will lead to a higher compressive strength and stiffness. However, the specimen will break owing to the nucleated microcracks rather than the repaired kinked microcracks. Further, excessive higher values of healing efficiency, preloading-induced damage degree and the fracture toughness of polymerized healing agent with the matrix will not affect the compressive strength of the cementitious composites. Therefore, a stronger matrix is required. To achieve the desired healing effects, the specific parameters of both the matrix and microcapsules should be selected prudently.

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