scholarly journals Peculiarities of cellular, humoral links of immunity and dynamics of immunoglobulins in community-acquired pneumonia in adults and their importance for diagnostics and prognosis of the disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Bereznyakov ◽  
Oleksiy Korzh ◽  
Sergiy Krasnokutskiy
Keyword(s):  
Immune Status ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
City Council ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immune Disorders ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Ig G ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The aim of our work was to study the characteristics of the immune status based on the analysis of the cellular, humoral links of immunity and dynamics of immunoglobulins in adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and their importance in the pathogenesis and prognosis of the disease. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in the period 2017-2020 on the basis of the therapeutic department of the Municipal non-profit enterprise “City Clinical Multidisciplinary Hospital № 25” of Kharkiv City Council. The study involved 20 adult patients with CAP aged 18 to 80 years (mean age 36.5±10.3). The control group consisted of 20 apparently healthy individuals (mean age 39.5±12.5). The study of the immune status of patients was carried out by determining the phagocytic index, the content of lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, CD20+ and the level of immunoglobulins of classes A, G, M in the dynamics of the disease: on the first and tenth days after hospitalization. Results. On the first day of hospitalization, there was a significant imbalance in phagocytosis, T- and B-links of immunity. On the tenth day of treatment, the phagocytic index, the number of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+ and CD20+ increased. An increase in Ig M, a decrease in Ig A and Ig G were also noted. Thus, standard therapy for patients with CAP leads to its clinical and radiological resolution, but is not accompanied by the normalization of immunity parameters. Conclusions. The features of immune disorders in patients with CAP were revealed: pneumonia increases the imbalance in the cellular link of immunity, the level of CD3+ and CD4+ decreases, there is no dynamics of the relative amount of CD20+. There are no significant changes in the humoral link of the immune status. For the treatment of patients with CAP, in addition to standard pharmacotherapy, it is necessary to include drugs that stimulate the immune system

scholarly journals ARG16GLY POLYMORPHISM IN THE Β2-ADRENOCEPTOR GENE IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1200-1203
Author(s):  
Vladyslava V. Kachkovska ◽  
Anna V. Kovchun ◽  
Iryna O. Moyseyenko ◽  
Iryna O. Dudchenko ◽  
Lyudmyla N. Prystupa
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polymorphic Variants ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Arg16gly Polymorphism ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The aim: The objective of the study was to analyze the frequency of Arg16Gly polymorphism in the β2 -adrenoceptor (β2 -АR) gene in patients with bronchial asthma (BA) and to assess the association of the polymorphism with BA risk. Materials and methods: We examined 553 BA patients and 95 apparently healthy individuals. Arg16Gly polymorphism in the β2 -АR gene (rs1042713) was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Statistical analysis of obtained results was performed using SPSS–17 program. Results: It was established that distribution of Arg/Arg, Arg/Gly, and Gly/Gly genotypes for Arg16Gly polymorphism in the β2 -АR gene was 44.2%, 40.0%, 15.8% in the control group vs. 31.3%; 45.7% and 23.0 among BA patients, respectively (χ2 = 6.59; р = 0.037). No significant difference was observed with regards to the distribution of genotypes for Arg16Gly polymorphism in the β2 -АR gene in men and women controls (χ2 = 4.05; р = 0.13) and BA patients (χ2 = 4.34; р = 0.11). BA risk was 1.74 times higher in the minor allele carriers (Arg/Gly + Gly/Gly genotypes) for Arg16Gly polymorphism in the β2 -АR gene. Conclusions: Analysis of Arg16Gly polymorphic variants in the β2-AR gene showed a statistically significant difference in the distribution of Arg/Arg, Arg/Gly, and Gly/Gly genotypes in patients with BA and apparently healthy individuals due to the higher frequency of Arg/Arg genotype in controls and higher frequency of Gly/Gly genotype in patients with asthma. No difference with regard to gender was found in the distribution of genotypes.

Use of Bacillus subtilis PB6 enriched with choline to improve growth performance, immune status, histological parameters and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Abramowicz ◽  
Magdalena Krauze ◽  
Katarzyna Ognik
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Probiotic Preparation ◽  
Poultry Nutrition

Context Probiotics used in poultry nutrition may promote the propagation of beneficial bacteria and limit the growth of pathogens, improving the body’s resistance to disease. Aims The aim of the study was to establish the dose and timing of administration of a probiotic preparation containing live cultures of Bacillus subtilis PB6 and choline that would have the most beneficial effect on histological parameters and microbiological status of the intestine, immune status, and growth performance of broiler chickens. Methods In total, 980 one-day-old Ross 308 male chickens, divided into seven groups of 140 (each group with seven replications of 20 individuals), were used in the experiment. The birds were reared until Day 42 of life. In the control group, birds received water without addition of the probiotic preparation. In three continuous treatments, birds received the probiotic preparation in their water at doses of 0.05, 0.1 or 0.25 g/L from Day 1 to Day 42 of rearing. In three periodic treatments, birds received the same doses of the probiotic preparation, but only during Days 1–7, 15–21 and 29–35 of rearing. Key results Addition of the probiotic preparation to the drinking water of broiler chickens increased the total number of aerobic bacteria as well as the length of the intestinal villi and the depth of the crypts. It also reduced the number of fungi and coliform bacteria. In addition, increases were noted in the lysozyme content, the phagocytic index, and the level of immunoglobulin A. Conclusions The probiotic preparation containing B. subtilis and choline administered continuously at a dose of 0.25 g/L in water throughout the rearing period had the most beneficial effect on the composition of the microbiome, and improved the mucous membrane structure of the intestine (increasing villus length and intestinal crypt depth), immunity, and growth performance of the broiler chickens. Implications The use of probiotics in poultry nutrition improves the health of animals and makes breeding more profitable. Administration of this probiotic improves disease resistance, jejunal histological parameters, and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Preliminary evidence of immune function modulation by thyroid hormones in healthy men and women aged 55–70 years

2009 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare F Hodkinson ◽  
Ellen E A Simpson ◽  
John H Beattie ◽  
Jacqueline M O'Connor ◽  
David J Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Cytotoxic Lymphocytes ◽  
Hormone Concentration ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Concentration ◽  
Apparently Healthy

A reciprocal relationship between the endocrine and immune system has been demonstrated under pathophysiological conditions. However, few studies have assessed the relationship between thyroid hormones and immune function in apparently healthy individuals. Therefore, to clarify our understanding of normal physiological endocrine–immune interactions this study aimed to examine the interrelationships between thyroid hormones and immunity in healthy individuals. Total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4) and markers of immune status were assessed in 93 free-living and apparently healthy individuals aged 55–70 years. T3 and T4 concentrations were determined by commercially available kits. Immune status was assessed using flow cytometry and biochemical markers. Statistical analysis was performed by partial correlation, controlling for age. Thyroid hormone concentration was positively associated with markers of inflammation (P≤0.05), natural killer-like T cells (P≤0.001), expression of interleukin-6 (IL6) by activated monocytes (P≤0.05); percentage expression of memory T-lymphocytes (P≤0.01), memory T-helper lymphocytes (P≤0.05) and memory T-cytotoxic lymphocytes (P≤0.05), and higher IL2 receptor density on CD3+T-lymphocytes (P≤0.05). Thyroid hormone concentration was inversely associated with early lymphocyte apoptosis (P≤0.05) and the ratio of naïve- to memory T-cytotoxic lymphocytes (P≤0.05). The current study provides preliminary evidence of a role for T3 and T4, within normal physiological ranges, in the maintenance of lymphocyte subpopulations, and in mediating the inflammatory response. In conclusion, these findings highlight the potential implications of altered thyroid function in older individuals and the importance of future research examining thyroid–immune interactions.

scholarly journals The features of the composition of the gut microbiota in patients with hypertension and abdominal obesity

Pathologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-310
Author(s):  
S. M. Koval ◽  
I. O. Snihurska ◽  
K. O. Yushko ◽  
O. V. Mysnychenko ◽  
V. Yu. Halchynska
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Test System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The aim of this work was to study the features of the composition of the gut microbiota (GM) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH), which occurs against the background of abdominal obesity (AO). Materials and methods. The paper presents the data on examination of 70 patients with AH of 2–3 degrees (46 patients with AO and 24 patients without obesity – with normal body weight (NBW)). The control group included 20 apparently healthy individuals with NBW. The patients underwent detailed standard clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination. Determination of the quantitative composition of GM was carried out by the method of polymerase chain reaction with hybridization-fluorescence detection of results in real time using the test system “COLONOFLOR-16 (biocenosis)” (“ALFA-LAB”). In this work, a statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using standard methods and Microsoft Excel 17.0. Results. A significant change in the composition of GM were found in patients with AH, which proceeds against the background of AO, in comparison with apparently healthy individuals and with patients with AH without obesity (with NBW). In the group of AH patients with the presence of AO, significant decrease in the number of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Аkkermansia muciniphila was found in comparison with apparently healthy individuals. The number of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Аkkermansia muciniphila in these patients was also significantly lower than in hypertensive patients with NBW. At the same time, the ratio of Bacteroides fragilis/Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was significantly higher than in the control group and the group of hypertensive patients without obesity – with NBW. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate a possible role for the deficiency of such representatives of GM as Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Аkkermansia muciniphila and an increase in the ratio of Bacteroides fragilis/Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the pathogenesis of AH, which occurs against the background of AO.

scholarly journals The Participation of the Organism Adaptation Mechanisms to the Lack of Oxygen According to the Assessment of the Fethemoglobin Content in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Community-acquired Pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2-3 (35-36) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
V. Bereznyakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Fetal Hemoglobin ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
Oxygen Transport System

Introduction. Сommunity-acquired pneumonia (COP) is a global socio-medical problem. At emergence of pneumonia by any genesis, hypoxia develops. Oxygen homeostasis of the body is provided by the coordinated interaction of external respiration, circulatory system and oxygen-transport system of the blood. Hypoxia, due to the malfunction of the external respiratory system, causes the formation of compensatory changes, in the implementation of which involved components of the oxygen transport system. Molecular genetic mechanisms play an important role in the body's adaptation to oxygen deficiency. Fetal hemoglobin (FetHb), having an increased affinity for oxygen, makes a significant contribution to the body's adaptation to new conditions with altered gaseous environment in the presence of pathological processes occurring with hypoxia. In this regard, it is interest to determine FetHb in adults with COP to study its effect on the diagnosis, prognosis and outcome of the disease. The aim of the study. To determinate the participation of the organism adaptation mechanisms to the lack of oxygen according to the assessment of the content of fetal hemoglobin in the peripheral blood of patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Materials and methods. We examined 34 adult patients (18 women and 16 men) with COP, aged 18 to 80 years, who were in the therapeutic department of the City Clinical Hospital № 25 in Kharkiv. The control group was formed of 20 healthy individuals. Spirography was performed on the diagnostic complex "Valenta"; hematological examinations – on the analyzer "ADVIA 60"; measurement of pO2 and pCO2, oxygen saturation, content of fetal hemoglobin – on the device "RAPIDLAB865". Results. In patients with community-acquired pneumonia, there was a decrease of the ventilatory function of external respiration, which is confirmed by a marked decrease in partial oxygen pressure. Oxygen saturation of blood was reduced in the group of patients with COP, but the difference was not statistically significant 94.8 ± 1.0 %. This indicates the presence of compensatory mechanisms aimed at maintaining adequate blood oxygen saturation. Significant increase in pH (from 7.40 to 7.53) and decrease in standard bicarbonate (from 1.27 to 0.68 mmol/l) resulting from violation of the gas composition of the blood can be regarded as a manifestation of partially compensated respiratory alkalosis. In patients with COP, there was a reduction in the total time of hemolysis, a shift of the maximum erythrogram to the left and an increase in the maximum itself, indicating a sharp decline in erythrocyte resistance. The proportion of erythrocytes with reduced resistance was twice as large as similar forms in the control group and the number of highly resistant cells in patients with COP sharply decreased. Obviously, oxygen starvation-mediated stress erythropoiesis is accompanied by the entry into the circulation of functionally defective erythrocytes. They are subject to accelerated elimination from the vascular bed, which causes a decrease in the quantitative indicators of red blood (erythrocyte content, hemoglobin) while maintaining corpuscular parameters (Mean Corpuscular Volume, Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration). At the same time, the analysis of individual hemoglobin fractions revealed an increase in the proportion of fetal hemoglobin (from 2.90 ± 0.31 % in the group of healthy individuals to 5.43 ± 1.05 % in patients with COP) (p less than 0.05). Conclusions. Changes in the parameters of acid hemolysis, fetal hemoglobin in the peripheral blood of patients with community-acquired pneumonia with impaired pulmonary ventilation function indicate their participation in the mechanisms of adaptation to oxygen deficiency and they have informative potential. Elevated fetal hemoglobin in peripheral blood in these patients can be used as an indicator of hypoxia, accompanied by impaired oxygen delivery to tissues, which should be used as an additional criterion for diagnosing tissue hypoxia and justify the timely appointment of antihypoxia drugs. Keywords: hypoxia, community-acquired pneumonia, red blood cells, fetal hemoglobin.

scholarly journals Detection of IgG Antibodies to Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) as a Biomarker of Immune Status to Plasmodium species

2021 ◽  
pp. 4178-4185
Author(s):  
Sani, A ◽  
Doko M.H.I. ◽  
Aliyu M.S.
Keyword(s):  
Immune Status ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Plasmodium Infection ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Finding new ways to eliminate malaria is critical and this would greatly be influenced by developing indicators of exposure as well as distribution of effective vaccines against Plasmodium. This study was aimed at detecting Immunoglobulin G(IgG) antibodies, to glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) as a biomarker of immune status to Plasmodium species. In this study, blood samples were gotten from apparently healthy individuals and patients having symptoms of malaria attending Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria. Thick and thin blood smears were prepared and stained with Giemsa stain. The smears were observed microscopically. Parasite densities were estimated on positive slides. Samples positive and some negative for Plasmodium were further tested to detect IgG antibodies to GPI among both the Asymptomatic and Symptomatic participants using ELISA. The prevalence of Plasmodium infection among both asymptomatic and symptomatic participants in this study was 18.9% and the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria was 15.6%. There was a significant association between the level of parasitemia and concentration of IgG antibodies to GPI among the asymptomatic participants and a no significant association among symptomatic participants. Type of housing amongst other risk factors was the only factor significantly associated with malaria in this study. This study suggests PGPI as a biomarker of immunity to Plasmodium and may be a vaccine candidate for programs of malaria control.

scholarly journals Increase of Nonspecific Immunity and Productivity of Piglets when using the Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Ovcharova Anastasiya ◽  
Ostrenko Konstantin ◽  
Kutin Ivan
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Weaning Piglets ◽  
Experimental Group

The stress of weaning piglets negatively affects all factors of the body. First of all, this affects the violation of nutrition and a decrease in the activity of the immune system. The use of probiotics allows to reduce the negative consequences caused by weaning from a sow. The aim of the study was to study the effect of probiotics based on Lactobacillus reuteri on the indicators of nonspecific resistance and productivity of piglets. The obtained data showed a high efficiency of the use of probiotics. In the experimental group, the phagocytic activity of neutrophils increased by 4.4%, the phagocytic index was 6.6% higher, and the bactericidal activity increased by 29% compared to the control group. In piglets treated with Lactobacillus reuteri, body weight increased by 9.3%, and the average daily gains in the control group increased by 15.8%. The use of probiotics in the period of stress after weaning allows you to activate the immune status.

The Effects Of Age And Thrombotic Stroke Upon Plasma Concentrations Of Fibrinogen Derivatives And Platelet Release

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
D A Lane ◽  
M J Gawel ◽  
S Wolff ◽  
H Ireland ◽  
F Clifford Rose
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Platelet Release ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Apparently Healthy

An investigation has been made of the activation of coagulation and fibrinolytic systems and platelets in normal individuals and in patients who have had cerebral infarction probably caused by thromboembolism. Thrombin and plasmin activities and platelet releasing stimuli were measured using double antibody techniques directed towards fibrinopepti.de A (FpA), fibrinogen fragment Bβl-42 and β thromboglobulin (βTG), respectively. Normal healthy laboratory controls' (n = 20) of mean age 29 yr, range 18-46, had mean FpA, Bβ 1-42 and βTG plasma concentrations of 1.06, 1.59 and 0.80 pmol/ml respectively. 95% of these normal results were within the range 1.50, 3.50 and 1.30 pmol/ml, respectively. Patients (n = 47) who had had computer assisted tomographical demonstrable stroke at least 1 month, but mostly greater than 1 yr, prior to examination had mean FpA, B β l-42 and βTG levels of 2.81, 4.44 and 2.09 pmol/ml. Some of these patients (n = 15) received sulphinpyrazone (800 mg daily) and their plasma levels were not appreciably different, 3.17, 5.48 and 2.18 pmol/ml respectively. The age of all patients, mean 65 yr, range 53-83, was considerably higher than the laboratory controls and therefore apparently healthy age and sex matched controls (n = 14) were studied. Mean FpA, Bβ 1-42 and βTG of this older control group were 2.1, 3.0 and 1.48 pmol/ml, respectively. It is concluded that (a) in normal apparently healthy individuals plasma concentrations of FpA, Bβ 1-42 and βTG rise with age, suggesting increased activation of coagulation and fibrinolytic systems and platelets (b) following thrombotic stroke the three systems are further activated and remain so for many months (c) sulphinpyrazone does not alter this activation.

Clinical Study of the Serotonin, Melatonin, Estradiol, and Adiponectin Hormones in Women with Breast Cancer in Thi – Qar Governorate -Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadeel Rashid Faraj1 ◽  
Husam Mohammed Kredy
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Estradiol ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Serum Serotonin ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Objective: Breast cancer is the most widely cancer among women, involving 18% of all female cancers, and worldwide, breast cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer mortality. The study was designed to determine and compare the levels of Serotonin (ST), Melatonin (MT), Estradiol (E2), and Adiponectin (ADP) Hormones in Breast cancer patients and apparently healthy individuals. Material and Methods: Blood Serotonin (ST), Melatonin (MT), Estradiol(E2), and Adiponectin (ADP) Hormones levels were determined in 85 Breast cancer patients and 55 apparently healthy subjects. Results: The levels of serum Serotonin (ST), Melatonin (MT), and Adiponectin (ADP) Hormones were showing significant decrease in Breast cancer patients as compared to control group. ( P ≤ 0.05 ).While the level of serum Estradiol (E2) was showing significant increase in Breast cancer patients as compared to control group.( P ≤ 0.05 ). Conclusion: In Breast cancer patients, we finding decrease in Serotonin (ST), Melatonin (MT), and Adiponectin (ADP) Hormones. While we finding increase in Estradiol (E2) in Breast cancer patients as compared to control group.

ASSESSMENT OF THE LUNG NEUTROPHILS AND MACROPHAGES FUNCTIONAL STATE IN COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Kislova S.E. ◽  
Kondrashova N.M. ◽  
Plekhova N.G.
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Induced Sputum ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Mean Values

The progression of the inflammatory process and the outcome in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) depend on the functional activity of innate immune cells - neutrophils and macrophages. Purpose: to establish the relationship between the morphofunctional state of neutrophils and macrophages of induced sputum (inflammation focus) and the severity of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Materials and methods: cells were removed from the induced sputum (IS) of healthy individuals and patients with CAP. In the «in vitro» model, upon contact with S. aureus the phagocytic index (PI), number (PN), and index of phagocytosis completion (ICP) were determined. A spectrophotometric method was used to assess the enzymatic activity of cells. Results. The dependence of phagocytosis indices on the severity of CAP was established (p <0.05). A sharp decrease in the phagocytic and functional activity of cells was recorded in the focus of inflammation in patients with severe pneumonia. It was found that in patients with CAP, compared with the control group, a significant decrease in the relative content of cells capable of reducing nitro-blue tetrazolium was found. In all groups of patients with this disease, the reserve capacity for myeloperoxidase (MPO) had negative values, which proved a decrease in the reactivity of local immunity cells. The MPO values for the cells of patients with a moderate course of the disease were higher than in the rest of the examined individuals, which indicated the activation of the bactericidal activity of neutrophils in MI. In patients with severe CAP in the spontaneous test, the mean values of MPO activity were 2.2 times higher than in the control group. Conclusion: a comprehensive study of innate immunity cells functional activity in induced sputum, including the quantitative determination of phagocytic parameters with an assessment of the absorption capacity and completeness of phagocytosis, makes it possible to assess the severity of community-acquired pneumonia.

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