scholarly journals Free time and its use depending on the professional status of respondents – selected results of the research on the students’ free time

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 104-117
Author(s):  
Danuta Miłaszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Time Structure ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Income Source ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Research Material

The aim of this study is to analyze the daily free time budget of students, their free time structure and to show the possible differences in free time management depending on the respondents’ professional status. The primary method of collecting research material was a diagnostic survey, including the questionnaire developed by the author. The research was conducted twice, in 2018 and 2020, each time at two academic centres in Poland. The research results show that students are a very diverse social group in terms of activities undertaken in their free time, and the visible differences in how it is spent are linked to the income source of the respondents

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF BODY INDEX MASS ON THE LEISURE TYPES FOR THE STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-247
Author(s):  
George-Dănuț Mocanu ◽  
Daniel-Andrei Iordan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Free Time ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Sports Activities

The study aims to investigate the ways of spending free time for a group of 180 students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports in Galati (years 1, 2 and 3 of cycle 1 / bachelor’s degree studies, with an average age of 22.34 ± 5.79 years.), by using a questionnaire-based survey, structured on 4 distinct factors: leisure time budget, causes limiting leisure time, favorite leisure activities and leisure sports activities. The purpose of the research is to determine the perception of students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports on how to spend free time and determine differences of opinion, depending on BMI / body mass index, by dividing them into 3 groups (underweight, normal weight or overweight). Results: The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicates significant influences of the independent variable on the response values for the following items (F <.05): inaccessibility of going out with friends, stress generated by shopping, limiting free time to help others, spending free time with entourage and life partner, spending holidays in the country, etc. Socializing on the internet, physical sports activities, TV, internet and computer games, going out with friends are the preferred options for students, and reading gets low scores. The differences between groups (in most cases insignificant) however, signal that normal weight students watch TV and the Internet the least, but waste more time with commuting and household activities and have high scores when involved in most sports. Overweight people have low scores for time spent on favorite activities, are most dissatisfied with time management, work more overtime, spend less time with those around them, but prefer to spend time with their life partner or alone, have slightly better scores for reading and music auditions, get the lowest scores for involvement in most sports activities, but have high satisfaction generated by physical effort. Underweight students perceive the inaccessibility of going out with friends more strongly, are more affected by difficult homework, have a higher level of stress for reading, but perceive most other activities as less stressful, socialize more on the internet, prefer jogging and cycling / rollerblading as sports activities. Swimming is selected by all groups as indicated for optimizing health and ensuring body harmony, even if its practice is deficient, and contact / combat sports are indicated as the most risky for physical integrity. Keywords: active and passive leisure, lifestyle, physical and mental health, opinions, accessibility

scholarly journals Free-Time Management among Master’s Degree Students of Georgia

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Natalia Kharadze ◽  
Ekaterine Gulua ◽  
Dugladze Davit
Keyword(s):  
Time Management ◽  
Master's Degree ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Self Management ◽  
State University ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Master's Degree Students ◽  
Master’S Degree

Attitude to time management in modern literature becomes more and more topical. According to (Orlikowsky and Yates 2002), increased competition causes the necessity of effective utilization of time. The part of free time in time budget of employed Master’s degree students becomes smaller, and the importance of free time is almost disregarded. (Garhammer M. 2002) supposes that short period of time includes such types of activities, which have direct impact on energy restoration of Master’s degree students. We can’t completely share the opinion of Marquis and Huston (2009), who think that only event management and not time management is possible in life, and we consider that proper use of time resource causes formation of self-management culture CITATION KharadzeGulua \l 1033 (Kharadze N. Gulua E., 2016) Our article deals exactly with mentioned issues. Research was organized by Human Potential Management Laboratory (HPML) of TSU. Research was carried out in 5 leading universities of Georgia: Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Georgian Technical University, Gori State University, Telavi State University and Shota Rustaveli Batumi State University. Research was referred only to Master’s degree students. Number of respondents amounted to 523. The questionnaire included 37 questions and 117 versions of answers. We laid an emphasis on that part of time budget, which doesn’t represent the part of working time, in particular the time allotted for everyday rest, part of activities scheduled on Saturday and Sunday, time spent in social networks, personal hygiene, transportation, sport, physical activities, time devoted to sleep and nutrition. Research showed that in time budget of employed Master’s degree students less attention is paid to free-time management that is the basis of increase of stress situations. Thus, conflict situation management among Master’s degree students became the subject of consequent research of our laboratory. Except for employment or teaching activities, one has to devote certain time to personal life. Psychological or physical health predetermines better accomplishment of intended objectives. Proceeding from peculiarities of free-time management the recommendations were elaborated, which requires: development of self-management abilities, implementation of changes at organization level and amendments in the Law on Education System. In-depth study of time budget of Master’s degree students is topical, since exactly these youngsters are potential labor resource of our country. Availability of healthy labor resources, in its turn, predetermines the potential of long-term development of organization and country as a whole.

scholarly journals Buying Behaviors of Polish Consumers During the Pandemic Lockdown – Research Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 4/2021 (94) ◽  
pp. 19-37
Author(s):  
Ewa Prymon-Ryś ◽  
◽  
Agnieszka Galarowicz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Time Management ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Remote Communication ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Online Purchases ◽  
Online Exchange ◽  
Online Stores

Purpose: The purpose of the article is identification and evaluation of the most important changes that have occurred in the behavior of Polish consumers as a result of the pandemic lockdown introduced in 2020. The article presents the results of studies conducted during the epidemic restrictions from March 15 to May 4, 2020. Design/methodology/approach: The main aim of the research was to determine how these restrictions influenced the purchasing behavior and decisions made by consumers. In the polls, the technique of an internet survey was used, which was justified by the accepted form of remote communication imposed on the society in various spheres of activity. The subject of the research was the organization of free time, the organization of shopping in households, the frequency of purchases and the methods of shopping in stationary and online stores. Findings: The most important phenomena that have been observed include the growing importance of e-commerce and technologies supporting distance communication and online exchange. The share of FMCG in online purchases increased when compared with the pre-pandemic online purchases. Polish consumers reduced the frequency of purchases and limited their overall spending on everyday purchases. During the first wave of the pandemic, the crucial issue for consumers was time management as a result of increased professional and family responsibilities, or (a similar percentage of responses) of excess free time. Poles used information technologies – for communication, shopping, learning and entertainment, to cope with the imposed social isolation. This trend, as indicated by the results of subsequent studies, will continue. Research limitations/implications: The research was conducted at a particular moment of time, during the last 2 weeks of the first pandemic lockdown; therefore, the study cannot provide the measurement of observable effects of behavior changes during a longer time since the pandemic situation has been volatile. In the research, the snowball method of sampling, which has its own limitations, was adopted. Originality/value: The value of the article results from the outcomes of the survey conducted with the use of a research questionnaire originally designed for the purposes of this study and empirical research results obtained during the lockdown period, which allowed for observing changes in consumer behavior in real time.

scholarly journals Strategi Media Online Lensatimur dalam Mengangkat Kearifan Lokal (Studi Kasus Pariwisata Indonesia Timur)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Noviawan Rasyid Ohorella
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Graphic Design ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Audience Segmentation ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Study Research ◽  
Current Mechanism

<p>Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi media online Lensatimur pada website dan konten yang dibuat, mengetahui mekanisme kerja Lensatimur, dan kendala yang terjadi pada produksi. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dimana peneliti mengobservasi dan mewawancarai  dengan objek yang diteliti. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa operasional Lensatimur berkembang dengan keadaan terbatas terkait pekerja dan manajemen yang ada menghasilkan konten artikel yang kreatif dan inovatif, serta relevan sesuai keunikan masyarakat Timur. Lensatimur menjadi media penyeimbang yang mengangkat kearifan lokal di wilayah Timur, mengalami peningkatan jumlah pembaca per artikel per harinya mencapai 500–700 dan pertahunnya mencapai 600 ribu pembaca. Kunci menjadi media favorit antara lain sudut pandang, konten artikel, gaya bahasa, segmentasi khalayak dan inovasi. Mekanisme saat ini ialah pembagian kerja antara editor, penulis, desain grafik dan pengelola website dalam pembuatan konten artikel. Kendala yang dihadapi berfokus pada manajemen waktu dan kurangnya kontributor. Saran yang diberikan adalah Lensatimur harus menambah informasi mendidik bagi para pembaca.</p><p><strong><em>Abstract. </em></strong><em>This study aims to find out Lensatimur's online media strategy on the website and the content created, to find out the mechanism of Lensatimur's work, and the constraints that occur in production. The method used is a qualitative approach where the researcher observes and interviews with the object under study. Research results show that Lensatimur's operations are developing with limited conditions related to existing workers and management producing creative and innovative article content, as well as relevant to the uniqueness of Eastern society. Lensatimur became a counterbalance media that raised local wisdom in the East, experiencing an increase in the number of readers per article per day reaching 500-700 and reaching 600 thousand per year. The key to being a favorite media includes point of view, article content, language style, audience segmentation and innovation. The current mechanism is the division of labor between editors, writers, graphic design and website managers in making article content. Constraints faced focus on time management and lack of contributors. The advice given is Lensatimur must add educational information to readers.</em></p>

scholarly journals The Code-Switching on Facebook Profiles of Different Genders: The Case of Šalčininkai District

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-115
Author(s):  
Violeta Miliun
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Electronic Discourse ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Single Sentence ◽  
Research Material

 This study investigates functions of code-switching based on the model proposed by René Appel and Pieter Muysken. Code-switching is an interesting sociolinguistic phenomenon characteristic to bilingual and multilingual communities. It involves the use of different languages within the boundaries of a single sentence or between sentences in one specific domain or discourse. It is an individual language choice determined by such factors as the topic, the situation, the participants of a conversation, their interrelationship, emotions, and demonstration of one or more identities. On this basis, Appel and Muysken (2005) identified six functions of code-switching: referential, directive, expressive (related to identity), phatic (metaphorical), metalinguistic and poetic. This paper sets out to achieve several goals: (a) to find out which of these functions appear in the Facebook discourse of young people originated from Šalčininkai district, (b) to identify the main types of functions in girls’ and boys’ profiles, and (c) to study the frequency of the functions with regard to the variable of gender. The research material consists of 1 048 posts and comments published in 2017–2018 and obtained from 30 Facebook profiles. The dataset represents young people aged between 20 and 30 years, with Polish as their school language. Facebook posts and comments are investigated from a qualitative and quantitative perspective. The research results show that functionally code-switching is similar in both girls’ and boys’ Facebook discourse. On the profiles of both genders, the number of functions is identical, but the frequency of these functions varies. In the datasets of both genders, the most predominant function is directive, which appears when languages change depending on the language chosen by the interlocutor. This research could be informative for sociolinguists who investigate electronic discourse of young people from South East Lithuania and for those who focus on how environment influences the emergence of different linguistic codes on Facebook. The research could also stimulate greater interest of sociolinguists in the conversational features of residents in Šalčininkai district.

Exploring the Relationship Among Free-Time Management, Leisure Boredom, and Internet Addiction in Undergraduates in Taiwan

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 1651-1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Ching Wang
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leisure Boredom

Internet addiction has become a significant concern with a variety of negative outcomes among the younger generation in today's modern society and has been investigated and discussed in many studies. Of all the influencing factors, boredom has been proven to be a common trigger for intensive internet use and can result in particularly problematic internet use behavior. A number of studies have indicated the importance of time use as a treatment. Thus, using free time well might serve as a solution to reduce leisure boredom and internet addiction. The current study aims to test a structural model with a sample of university students to investigate the relationships among free-time management, leisure boredom, and internet addiction. The sample consisted of 475 undergraduate students. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed between March 1 and April 30, 2016. Totally, 446 valid questionnaires were received. The structural model was examined after the competent measurement model was processed. Results from the structural model supported that free-time management decreases boredom during leisure time, and boredom during leisure time enhances internet addiction. Furthermore, leisure boredom was revealed to play a role as a distinct mediator between free-time management and internet addiction. Finally, managerial applications and recommendations for future research are suggested based on the research results.

Baseball Front Office Careers: Expectations and Realities

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Hofacre ◽  
Scott Branvold
Keyword(s):  
Time Management ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Job Stability ◽  
Organizational Skills ◽  
Minor League ◽  
Front Office ◽  
Office Personnel

Two hundred sixty-one participants in a baseball career seminar and 90 minor league front office personnel were surveyed to examine (a) what characteristics are viewed as important for a front office career in baseball and (b) how job seekers' expectations correspond to what people working in baseball say is reality. Experience and contacts were seen by both groups as important for entering the field, and both groups viewed speaking, time management, and organizational skills as necessary abilities. Enjoyable work was ranked highest as part of a baseball career by both job seekers and baseball personnel, while free time was ranked lowest as an outcome from such a career. Spearman Rho analysis reflected that expectations of job seekers correspond to baseball personnel rankings in terms of relative importance of various skills and job characteristics. However, Z-test comparisons showed job seekers score several skills higher in absolute importance than front office personnel do, including knowledge of baseball and general sports, and several job characteristics as more likely to exist, including job stability and good salary.

scholarly journals PENDAMPINGAN MANAJEMEN WAKTU ANAK PADA MASA NORMAL BARU DI DUSUN DESEKAN KABUPATEN MAGELANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Fiki Fitriyah ◽  
Yeny Fitriyani ◽  
Milna Wafirah ◽  
Achmad Labib ◽  
Titis Rosowulan
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
School Students ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The World

Tatanan Hidup Baru (New Normal) dimasa pandemi COVID-19 memberikan pengalaman yang benar-benar baru bagi dunia pendidikan khususnya siswa Sekolah Dasar (SD) di Indonesia. Kewajiban untuk taat protokoler kesehatan yang salah satu klausulnya adalah tidak berkerumun dan menjauhi krumunan menjadikan kegiatan belajar mengajar sangat tidak biasa. Tidak ada tatapmuka baik dengan guru ataupun teman, semua dilakukan secara daring (online). Hal tersebut membuat pelajar mempunyai waktu luang yang banyak dan cenderung tanpa pengawasan baik dari orang tua maupun guru. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk mengoptimalkan waktu luang siswa dengan manajemen waktu di masa normal baru. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode Participatory Action Research (PAR). Tahapan penting dalam PAR adalah Research (pemetaan masalah), Action (rencana aksi dalam penyelesaian masalah) and Participatory (orang tua dan siswa SD di Desa Desekan). Teknik Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, survei, dokumen dan wawancara. Pendampingan diharapakan dapat membantu siswa memahami pentingnya manajemen waktu dengan membuat jadwal kegiatan harian sehingga siswa dapat memanage waktunya dengan efektif dan efisien. Kesimpulan dari pengabdian ini adalah para siswa belum memahami dengan baik mengenai manajemen waktu dan banyak menghabiskan waktu dengan dawai dan bermain yang tidak berhubungan dengan pendidikan. Kata kunci: Tatanan Hidup Baru, COVID-19, Manajemen Waktu, PAR ABSTRACT The New Living Order (New Normal) during the COVID-19 pandemic provided a completely new experience for the world of education, especially elementary school students in Indonesia. The obligation to comply with the Health protocol makes learning without face-to-face either with teachers or friends and everything is done online. This makes students have a lot of free time and tends to be without supervision from either parents or teachers. The aim of this service is to optimize students' free time with time management in the new normal. The method used in this study uses the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method. The important stages in PAR are Research (mapping problems), Action (action plans in solving problems) and Participatory (participation of parents and elementary students in Desekan village). The technique of collecting data was carried out by observation, surveys, documents and interviews. It is hoped that mentoring can help students understand the importance of time management by scheduling daily activities so that students can manage their time effectively and efficiently. The conclusion of this dedication is that the students do not understand well about time management and spend a lot of time with strings and games that are not related to education. Keywords: New Normal, COVID-19, Time Management, PAR

scholarly journals FINAL PREPARATIONS TO THE GIRLS’ TENNIS EUROPE JUNIOR MASTERS

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Marina Jagiello ◽  
Wladyslaw Jagiello
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Time Structure ◽  
Material Research ◽  
Optimal Planning ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Sports Training ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Direct Preparation

Purpose: One of the important problems in sports training of top class tennis players is the optimal planning of direct preparations for the main competitions of the season. In this respect, the aim of the study is a retrospective analysis of the direct preparation to compete in the Girls’ Tennis Europe Junior Masters. Material: Research material was composed of training plans of the best Polish player in the Juniors category, M.L. The analysis concerned the time structure, the total training volume and the proportion of the applied training means. Results: It was found that, regardless of the methodological and organisational determinants of specific training solutions, the direct preparation to the competition should meet the generally accepted principles in the theory of training, among others, connected with periodization of training and the phasic system of shaping the form. Direct competitive preparation may significantly vary in specific cases. Conclusions: An efficient, proven in certain circumstances model of preparation may be inefficient in others.

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