The Effect of Selected Cultivation Factors on the Growth of Mycelium of Pleurotus cystidiosus Miller

Pleurotus cystidiosus occurs in natural areas in North America. Its carpophores are characterized by a slightly sweet and mild taste. Fruiting bodies of P. cystidiosus are valued as source of nutrients and biologically active substances. The aim of the study was the selection of the optimal incubation temperature and the best substrate for the fastest mycelium growth. Two cultivars of P. cystidiosus – B1 and B122 was taken. Incubation of mycelium was performed in the temperature range from 15 to 30 °C. The influence of a substrate made of wheat straw, hemp shives and energetic grasses – Panicum virgatum and Miscanthus × giganteus. The experiment compared the growth of mycelium on a substrate with wheat straw (control sample) and with wheat straw and the addition of hemp shives and energetic grass in increasing amounts: 10, 20 and 30%. It has been shown that the growth of mycelium of tested strains on different substrates varied. The best growth of mycelium occurred on the substrate with wheat straw and the addition of hemp shives, P. virgatum and M. × giganteus in the amounts of 20% and 30%. The temperature of incubation also had a significant impact on the growth of the mycelium of P. cystidiosus. The optimal temperature was 25 °C. An investigation of the mutual dependence between morphological and qualitative characteristics of the type of agar medium allows optimization of the production of P. cystidiosus. The development of a low-cost and simple method for the production of P. cystidiosus can contribute to the introduction of this species into intensive cultivation. Use of waste materials in mushroom production will significantly increase the profitability of crops and reduce their costs.

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Potential uses of biomass from fast-growing crop miscanthus×giganteus

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind110711082b ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 223-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nada Babovic ◽

Gordana Drazic ◽

Ana Djordjevic

Keyword(s):

Panicum Virgatum ◽

Large Scale ◽

Low Cost ◽

Water Concentration ◽

High Water ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Great Promise ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Production Chain ◽

Miscanthus Giganteus

There is an increasing interest in perennial grasses as a renewable source of bioenergy and feedstock for second-generation cellulosic biofuels. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and miscanthus (Miscanthus?giganteus), belonging to the parennial grasses group, are the major lignocellulosic materials being studied today as sources for direct energy production, biofuels, bioremediation and other. They have the ability to grow at low cost on marginal land where they will not compete with the traditional food crops. Miscanthus?giganteus possesses a number of advantages in comparison with the other potential energy crops such as are: high yields, low moisture content at harvest, high water and nitrogen use efficiencies, low need for annual agronomic inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides, high cellulose content, non-invasive character, low susceptibility to pests and diseases and broad adaptation to temperate growing environments. The main problems are low rate of survival during the first winter after the creation of plantation and the relatively high establishment costs. Miscanthus?giganteus is grown primarily for heat and electricity generation but can also be used to produce transport fuels. Miscanthus biomass has a very good combustion quality due to its low water concentration as well as its low Cl, K, N, S and ash concentrations compared to other lignocellulose plants. It is expected that miscanthus will provide cheaper and more sustainable source of cellulose for production of bioethanol than annual crops such as corn. Miscanthus has great promise as a renewable energy source, but it can only be realised when the grass production has been optimised for large-scale commercial cultivation. However, further research is still needed to optimise agronomy of miscanthus, to develop the production chain and pre-treatment as well as to optimise energy conversation route to produce heat, electricity, and/or fuels from biomass, if miscanthus is to compete with fossil fuel use and be widely produced.

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A Facile One-Pot Synthesis of 3-Methylbenzisoxazoles via a Key Intermediate of ortho-Ethoxyvinyl Nitroaryls by Domino Rearrangement and Their Anti- Inflammatory Activity

Current Organic Synthesis ◽

10.2174/1570179416666190925125450 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 1161-1165

Author(s):

Bashetti Nagaraju ◽

Jagarlapudi V. Shanmukhakumar ◽

Nareshvarma Seelam ◽

Tondepu Subbaiah ◽

Bethanamudi Prasanna

Keyword(s):

Stannous Chloride ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Albino Rats ◽

One Pot ◽

Simple Method ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Entire Study ◽

One Pot Synthesis ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background: Recently, there has been a lot of scientific interest in exploring the syntheses of oxygen and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds due to their pharmacological activities. In addition, benzisoxazoles play a very important role in organic synthesis as key intermediates. Objective: In this paper, we focused on developing a novel synthetic route for biologically active arylisoxazoles under normal conditions, and simplified it to get high purities and yields, and also reported their anti-inflammatory activities. Method: An efficient and simple method has been explored for the synthesis of novel 3-methyl arylisoxazoles from o-nitroaryl halides via o-ethoxyvinylnitroaryls, using dihydrated stannous chloride (SnCl2.2H2O) in MeOH / EtOAc (1:1) via Domino rearrangement in one pot synthesis. Result: We synthesized novel 3-methylarylisoxazoles from o-nitroarylhalides via o-ethoxyvinylnitroaryls, using dihydrated stannous chloride (SnCl2.2H2O) in MeOH / EtOAc (1:1) via domino rearrangement. In this reduction, nitro group and ethoxy vinyl group change to the functional acyl ketones, followed by hetero cyclization. Here, the reaction proceeds without the isolation of intermediates like 2-acylnitroarenes and 2- acylanilines. All the synthesized compounds were completely characterized by the NMR and mass spectra. The compounds were also explored for their anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced inflammation in the albino rats (150-200 g) of either sex used in this entire study with the use of Diclofenac sodium as the standard drug. The initial evaluations identified leading targets with good to moderate anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion: A simple, one-pot and convenient method has been explored for the synthesis of novel 3- methylarylisoxazoles with high purity and reaction yields. All the compounds 3a, 3c, 3d, 3f, 3g and 3h exhibited 51-64% anti-inflammatory activities.

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A simple method to construct a low-cost immunosensor based on a dithiol-functionalized polydopamine platform

New Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d0nj06241c ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bo Liu ◽

Luanying Yang ◽

Gang Wang ◽

Sha He ◽

Xiaobo Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Detection Limit ◽

Linear Response ◽

Low Cost ◽

Covalent Immobilization ◽

The Self ◽

Simple Method ◽

Low Detection Limit

A simple and low-cost electrochemical CEA immunosensor was investigated via the self-polymerization of dopamine and a dithiol compound spacer for the covalent immobilization of antibodies. The designed CEA immunosensor exhibited a linear response and a low detection limit.

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A set of simple methods for detection and extraction of laminarinase

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81807-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ananthamurthy Koteshwara ◽

Nancy V. Philip ◽

Jesil Mathew Aranjani ◽

Raghu Chandrashekhar Hariharapura ◽

Subrahmanyam Volety Mallikarjuna

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Sulfate ◽

Ammonium Sulphate ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Direct Detection ◽

Low Cost ◽

Direct Analysis ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation ◽

Simple Method ◽

Functional Step

AbstractA carefully designed ammonium sulfate precipitation will simplify extraction of proteins and is considered to be a gold standard among various precipitation methods. Therefore, optimization of ammonium sulfate precipitation can be an important functional step in protein purification. The presence of high amounts of ammonium sulphate precludes direct detection of many enzymatically active proteins including reducing sugar assays (e.g. Nelson-Somogyi, Reissig and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid methods) for assessing carbohydrases (e.g. laminarinase (β (1–3)-glucanohydrolase), cellulases and chitinases). In this study, a simple method was developed using laminarin infused agarose plate for the direct analysis of the ammonium sulphate precipitates from Streptomyces rimosus AFM-1. The developed method is simple and convenient that can give accurate results even in presence of ammonium sulfate in the crude precipitates. Laminarin is a translucent substrate requiring the use of a stain to visualize the zones of hydrolysis in a plate assay. A very low-cost and locally available fluorescent optical fabric brightener Tinopal CBS-X has been used as a stain to detect the zones of hydrolysis. We also report simple methods to prepare colloidal chitin and cell free supernatant in this manuscript.

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Effect of Intercalation Structure of Organo-Modified Montmorillonite/Polylactic Acid on Wheat Straw Fiber/Polylactic Acid Composites

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym10080896 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 896 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Qiqi Fan ◽

Guangping Han ◽

Wanli Cheng ◽

Huafeng Tian ◽

Dong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Low Cost ◽

Interlayer Spacing ◽

Positive Influence ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Ir Analysis

In this work, an easy way to prepare the polylactic acid (PLA)/wheat straw fiber (WSF) composite was proposed. The method involved uses either the dopamine-treated WSF or the two-step montmorillonite (MMT)-modified WSF as the filler material. In order to achieve the dispersibility and exfoliation of MMT, it was modified by 12-aminododecanoic acid using a two-step route. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to characterize the modified MMT and the coated WSF. As for the properties of PLA/WSF composites, some thermal (using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis) and mechanical properties (flexural, tensile, and impact) were analyzed. The results showed that the dopamine was successfully coated onto the WSF. Furthermore, Na-MMT was successfully transformed to organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) and formed an exfoliated structure. In addition, a better dispersion of MMT was obtained using the two-step treatment. The interlayer spacing of modified MMT was 4.06 nm, which was 123% higher than that of the unmodified MMT. Additionally, FT-IR analysis suggested that OMMT diffused into the PLA matrix. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that a higher thermal stability of PLA/WSF composites was obtained for the modified MMT and dopamine. The results also showed that both the dopamine treated WSF and the two-step-treated MMT exhibited a positive influence on the mechanical properties of PLA/WSF composites, especially on the tensile strength, which increased by 367% compared to the unmodified precursors. This route offers researchers a potential scheme to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of PLA/WSF composites in a low-cost way.

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A Very Low-Cost, Labor-Efficient, and Simple Method to Block Scattered Ultraviolet Light in PDMS Microfluidic Devices by Inserting Aluminum Foil Strips

Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications ◽

10.1115/1.4041436 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shuo Wang ◽

Peter Shankles ◽

Scott Retterer ◽

Yong Tae Kang ◽

Chang Kyoung Choi

Keyword(s):

Soft Lithography ◽

Uv Light ◽

Low Cost ◽

Microfluidic Devices ◽

Aluminum Foil ◽

Material Synthesis ◽

Simple Method ◽

Micro Particles ◽

Complex Shapes ◽

The Cost

Abstract Opto-microfluidic methods have advantages for manufacturing complex shapes or structures of micro particles/hydrogels. Most of these microfluidic devices are made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) by soft lithography because of its flexibility of designing and manufacturing. However, PDMS scatters ultraviolet (UV) light, which polymerizes the photocrosslinkable materials at undesirable locations and clogs the microfluidic devices. A fluorescent dye has previously been employed to absorb the scattered UV light and shift its wavelength to effectively solve this issue. However, this method is limited due to the cost of the materials (tens of dollars per microchip), the time consumed on synthesizing the fluorescent material and verifying its quality (two to three days). More importantly, significant expertise on material synthesis and characterization is required for users of the opto-microfluidic technique. The cost of preliminary testing on multiple iterations of different microfluidic chip designs would also be excessive. Alternatively, with a delicate microchannel design, we simply inserted aluminum foil strips (AFS) inside the PDMS device to block the scattered UV light. By using this method, the UV light was limited to the exposure region so that the opto-microfluidic device could consistently generate microgels longer than 6 h. This is a nearly cost- and labor-free method to solve this issue.

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A simple interferometric method to measure the calibration factor and displacement amplification in piezoelectric flextensional actuators

Sba Controle & Automação Sociedade Brasileira de Automatica ◽

10.1590/s0103-17592010000600003 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 577-587 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Francisco de Assis Andrade Barbosa ◽

Gilder Nader ◽

Ricardo Tokio Higuti ◽

Cláudio Kitano ◽

Emílio Carlos Nelli Silva

Keyword(s):

Modulation Depth ◽

Low Cost ◽

Michelson Interferometer ◽

Laser Interferometry ◽

Optimization Method ◽

Calibration Factor ◽

Simple Method ◽

Interferometric Method ◽

Established Technique

Laser interferometry is a well-established technique for the characterization of piezoelectric actuators. In this work, by using a low cost Michelson interferometer, the measurement of the calibration factor and the displacement amplification of a novel piezoelectric flextensional actuator (PFA), designed by using the topology optimization method, is performed. A simple method, based on small phase modulation depth when the PFA is driven by a triangular waveform, allows the absolute interferometer calibration. The free-displacement of the PFA for various drive voltages is measured and the displacement amplification is determined. The linearity and frequencyresponse of the PFA are evaluated up to 20 kHz

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Sequence analysis of heparan sulphate and heparin oligosaccharides

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj3390767 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 339 (3) ◽

pp. 767-773 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Romain R. VIVÈS ◽

David A. PYE ◽

Markku SALMIVIRTA ◽

John J. HOPWOOD ◽

Ulf LINDAHL ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sequence Analysis ◽

Protein Interactions ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Specific Binding ◽

Heparan Sulphate ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Simple Method ◽

Gag Protein ◽

Specific Binding Sites ◽

Strong Anion Exchange

The biological activity of heparan sulphate (HS) and heparin largely depends on internal oligosaccharide sequences that provide specific binding sites for an extensive range of proteins. Identification of such structures is crucial for the complete understanding of glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-protein interactions. We describe here a simple method of sequence analysis relying on the specific tagging of the sugar reducing end by 3H radiolabelling, the combination of chemical scission and specific enzymic digestion to generate intermediate fragments, and the analysis of the generated products by strong-anion-exchange HPLC. We present full sequence data on microgram quantities of four unknown oligosaccharides (three HS-derived hexasaccharides and one heparin-derived octasaccharide) which illustrate the utility and relative simplicity of the technique. The results clearly show that it is also possible to read sequences of inhomogeneous preparations. Application of this technique to biologically active oligosaccharides should accelerate progress in the understanding of HS and heparin structure-function relationships and provide new insights into the primary structure of these polysaccharides.

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Tuning Dielectric Loss of SiO2@CNTs for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11102636 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2636

Author(s):

Fenghui Cao ◽

Jia Xu ◽

Xinci Zhang ◽

Bei Li ◽

Xiao Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electromagnetic Wave ◽

High Performance ◽

Low Cost ◽

Impedance Matching ◽

3D Structure ◽

Carbon Matrix ◽

Current Approach ◽

Matrix Composites ◽

Simple Method ◽

Absorption Performance

We developed a simple method to fabricate SiO2-sphere-supported N-doped CNTs (NCNTs) for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption. EMW absorption was tuned by adsorption of the organic agent on the precursor of the catalysts. The experimental results show that the conductivity loss and polarization loss of the sample are improved. Meanwhile, the impedance matching characteristics can also be adjusted. When the matching thickness was only 1.5 mm, the optimal 3D structure shows excellent EMW absorption performance, which is better than most magnetic carbon matrix composites. Our current approach opens up an effective way to develop low-cost, high-performance EMW absorbers.

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Use of Non-Traditional Types of Flour in the Flour Culinary Production (Pancakes)

Food Industry ◽

10.29141/2500-1922-2020-5-4-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 33-37

Author(s):

Vladislav Tiunov ◽

Olga Chugunova ◽

Aleksandr Arisov

Keyword(s):

Wheat Flour ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Food Additives ◽

Control Sample ◽

Food Products ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Optimal Dosage ◽

Soya Flour ◽

Complete Replacement ◽

Biological Value

Currently, Strategy for Improving the Food Products Quality in the Russian Federation until 2030 identifies the need to develop new food products as one of the important state tasks; the quality improvement of raw materials used, the nutritional and biological value of finished products and expanding its range are an urgent area of scientific research. Flour culinary products are no exception. These products made from traditional wheat flour of the highest grade have low nutritional value, high calorie, lack of vitamins and minerals. In order to increase the biological value of flour culinary products, a man adds food additives and biologically active substances; uses non-traditional raw materials for the production. The article considers the possibility of using non-traditional flour types mixtures instead of wheat flour of the highest grade in the production of flour culinary products (pancakes). The researchers developed the optimal dosage for adding mixtures of rice and corn, rice and amaranth, rice and soya flour to the product formulations. They studied comprehensively the regulated indicators of product quality and safety: organoleptic, physical and chemical, microbiological; run the comparative analysis of samples from non-traditional types of flour with a control sample. The authors developed the pancakes technology in the form of baking it in a convection steamer with a complete replacement of wheat flour with a mixture of rice and corn, rice and amaranth, rice and soya flour. They compiled technological maps and formulated a technical document package on the products range.

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