scholarly journals Ecology – all-planetary and universal science

Author(s):  
Olga Chelyapina ◽  
Eduard Arustamov

The article dedicated to the environmental exhibition and scientific conference in Ufa emphasizes the high relevance of the problem under consideration and calls for a transition from political confrontation, which is full of the historical development of the world, to peaceful coexistence that unites all countries and peoples of the world. The danger that has been hanging over humanity in recent years in the form of a global pandemic threat brings to the fore issues not of political confrontation and military confrontation between countries, but the problems of human survival in the conditions of a catastrophic accumulation of sources of environmental problems that lead to the pollution of vast territories and the impossibility of continuing life on them. To solve these issues, it is necessary to form an ecological worldview in people, which should begin from an early age, so that in all subsequent life the individual not only observes the conditions of environmentally sound behavior and life, but also is intolerant of various manifestations and situations of violation of harmonious existence with the surrounding natural environment.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 748-752
Author(s):  
Swapnali Khabade ◽  
Bharat Rathi ◽  
Renu Rathi

A novel, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and spread globally from Wuhan, China. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared the SARS-Cov-2 virus as a COVID- 19, a global pandemic. This pandemic happened to be followed by some restrictions, and specially lockdown playing the leading role for the people to get disassociated with their personal and social schedules. And now the food is the most necessary thing to take care of. It seems the new challenge for the individual is self-isolation to maintain themselves on the health basis and fight against the pandemic situation by boosting their immunity. Food organised by proper diet may maintain the physical and mental health of the individual. Ayurveda aims to promote and preserve the health, strength and the longevity of the healthy person and to cure the disease by properly channelling with and without Ahara. In Ayurveda, diet (Ahara) is considered as one of the critical pillars of life, and Langhana plays an important role too. This article will review the relevance of dietetic approach described in Ayurveda with and without food (Asthavidhi visheshaytana & Lanhgan) during COVID-19 like a pandemic.


2021 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Oleg Tkach ◽  
Оleh Batrymenko ◽  
Dmytro Nelipa ◽  
Mykola Khylko

The article considers topical issues of the threat of collapse of democracy. Examples of the democracy collapse have shown the lack of free and fair elections in the world, which threatens the independence of the judiciary, restrictions on the right to freedom of speech, which limits the ability of the political opposition to challenge the government, to prosecute, to offer alternatives to the regime. The collapse of democracy in connection with the spread of COVID-19 is being considered, as the democratic spectrum has repeatedly resorted to excessive control, discriminatory restrictions on freedoms such as movement and assembly, and arbitrary or coercive coercion. Attention is drawn to the fact that the outbreak of coronavirus COVID-19 has led to the introduction in all countries of restrictions on the rights and freedoms of the individual in order to prevent the spread of this infectious disease, declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Thus, the unusual nature of the COVID - 19 coronavirus pandemic poses numerous dilemmas to the public, governments, parliaments, the judiciary, law enforcement and many other actors when it comes to the need for effective protection of health and, ultimately, human life, as well as adherence to and ensuring the fundamental democratic principles of man and society.


1987 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
William Michelsen

On Grundtvig's View of ManBy William MichelsenIn this paper, read to the Annual Conference of the Grundtvig Society in January 1988, an answer is offered to the question: Did Grundtvig’s view of man remain unchanged from 1817 to his death? The answer is in the affirmative. The line of argument of the paper issues from Grundtvig’s essay “On Man in the World”, printed in the magazine “Danne-Virke” II, 1817, abstracting from it nine tenets, about which Grundtvig’s view remained the same, even after 1832, when he changed his attitude to the prevailing philosophy and theory of knowledge of the age, as far as he drew a distinction between faith and knowledge. As early as 1817 man is viewed both from a Christian and a non-Christian point of view. By virtue of his sensory organs man stands in a direct relationship with animals, and his historical development is a continuation of his separation from the animal kingdom. Nonetheless, man is created in God’s image, which means, that he is intended to develop towards increasing likeness with his Maker. And the archetypal likeness to God remains in man in spite of the Fall, which is confirmed both by the life of the individual and by history. As God is Truth, the Fall means a deviation from Truth provoked by Untruth, through which man is undone. Truth and Untruth are seen as spiritual verities to be found behind the physical reality of immediate perception and consequently behind life and death.What does Grundtvig mean by the word “spirit”? The essay offers two different answers to the question that are not in disagreement. In one place he says that the spirit consists of “mixed ideas perceived by the senses, but with a spiritual character,” that is they are exclusively manifest in the form of images. Elsewhere he holds that the Spirit is a living, forceful and active idea, which is solely perceived by consciousness, and consciousness is a product of man’s external and internal senses: feeling, vision and hearing. With the external senses we perceive the physical world and the physical part of ourselves. With the internal senses we become aware of the spiritual side to ourselves, our fellow-men and the world, in which we live.That man and the world were created, is to Grundtvig no matter of belief, but quite simply a question of recognition of reality: No man did create himself and even less the world in which we live. This epistemological realism is Grundtvig’s main proposition, which became clear to him in 1813 (as evidenced by the lecture ms. “On the Human Condition”). - Conversely the Fall presupposes the belief that man was created to become like God, and is consequently not his own master but under his Maker. That man should be able to work his own salvation when he has deviated from his divine purpose, is to Grundtvig quite plainly an impossibility.The only way in which man may be saved from complete annihilation is to Grundtvig by faith in the only human being who did not stray from his destiny to become like God. To choose this faith is to choose Truth rather than Untruth as one’s ideal, in one’s actions as well as in one’s external and internal perception of the world and oneself. But the heart of the matter is that man sees himself as an imperfect image of his Maker, a creature still far from having been fully developed.According to Grundtvig this view of man is only to be attained and developed through historical scholarship. There is no short-cut to this goal as for instance by way of a mystical experience, or what his contemporaries called a pure vision of Nature or an intellectual vision, even though this may be experienced in a fleeting moment. In this case one is deluded by illusions (“brilliant shades”). To make reason a starting-point for a view of man is also an error, since both the historical development and the development of the individual begin with feeling and ideation or imagination. The road to knowledge and understanding of man must, according to Grundtvig, be entirely different from the one followed sofar. It is understandable that Grundtvig holding such views was debarred from a university post, as they differed so much from contemporary thought. The definitive formulation of his view of man is, indeed, not to be found in the Danne-Virke of 1817, but in his introduction to “Mythology of the North” from 1832 where it is presented as the opposite of what his own day and posterity imagined a Christian view of man to be: “a divine experiment” with the aim of demonstrating how it was feasible for spirit and flesh to interpenetrate, in the process being clarified in a mutual consciousness, which Grundtvig called “divine”, because it is the superhuman Maker who intends to make an image of himself, but that “will require a thousand generations yet. ” According to Grundtvig, the main error of the view of man was that it made our descendants true copies of ourselves, consequently bringing evolution to a standstill.


Author(s):  
Р.Я. Фидарова ◽  
И.А. Кайтова

Суть методологического подхода Коста Хетагурова к проблемам культурноисторического развития осетинского народа в том, что он рассматривал общественное бытие и общественное сознание осетин как взаимосвязанные и взаимообусловленные феномены, составляющие единое целое, целостную систему, формирующую фундаментальную основу реалистического типа мышления, преследующего цель в удивительно жизненных, созидаемых им образах, глубоко и основательно раскрыть эстетическую специфику философского, духовнонравственного, культурноисторического освоения горцами объективного мира, мира их национальной действительности. Теоретическим инструментарием при этом для Коста является метод восхождения от абстрактного, включающего в данном случае в себя такие компоненты духовной культуры, как национальный менталитет, обычаи, обряды, традиции, Агъдау как нравственный кодекс жизни горцев, к конкретному, т.е. к судьбе и характеру отдельного человека, члена горского общества носителя его родовых качеств и родимых пятен . Кроме того, в состав теоретического инструментария Коста, при формировании им реалистического типа художественного мышления, включаются и принцип объективности, позволяющий ему анализировать противоречивый характер как действительности, так и характер отдельного человека принцип развития, помогающий Коста учитывать диалектический характер горского бытия принцип преемственности, давший возможность поэту глубоко осмыслить органические связи прошлого и настоящего. Ну а системноисторический подход помогал Коста выявить наиболее существенные, постоянные, т.е. константные связи явлений в общественной жизни и общественном сознании, тогда как детерминизм давал возможность обнажать их объективную зависимость от социальноисторических и природногеографических факторов. Столь богатый теоретический инструментарий помогал Коста глубоко и основательно осмысливать метафизические проблемы жизни горского общества. И это явилось основой формирования его реалистического типа мышления, способного дать удивительно органичный, объективноконцептуальный, художественноэстетический анализ критического состояния мира . А из данного анализа логически следовал убедительный вывод, призывающий народ к беспощадной борьбе за свободу, равенство и братство людей, а именно: мир враждебен человеку, губит его физически и развращает нравственно. И, следовательно, в данных социальноисторических обстоятельствах человек обречен на гибель, если не станет на защиту своей жизни и свободы. При решении столь сложной художественноэстетической задачи Коста умело использовал осетинскую мифологию как важнейший компонент структуры реалистического типа мышления, основы которого он же и заложил в формирующейся осетинской литературе. The essence of Khetagurovs methodological approach to the problems of cultural and historical development of the Ossetian people is that he considered the social existence and social consciousness of Ossetians as interrelated and interdependent phenomena making up a single whole, an integral system that forms the fundamental basis of a realistic type of thinking, pursuing the goal in a surprisingly vital, created by them images, deeply and thoroughly reveal the aesthetic specificity of the philosophical, spiritual, moral, cultural and historical development of the highlanders of the objective world, the world of their national reality. The theoretical tools for Kosta is the method of ascent from the abstract, which in this case includes such components of spiritual culture as the national mentality, customs, rituals, traditions, Agdau as a moral code of life of the highlanders to the specific, i.e. to the fate and character of the individual, a member of the mountain society the carrier of his generic qualities and birthmarks. In addition, the theoretical tools of Kosta, when forming a realistic type of artistic thinking, include the principle of objectivity, allowing him to analyze the contradictory nature of both reality and the nature of the individual the principle of development, which helps Kosta to take into account the dialectical nature of mountain life the principle of continuity, which gave the poet a deep understanding of the organic connections of the past and the present. But the systemhistorical approach helped Kosta to identify the most significant, permanent, i.e. constant connections of phenomena in public life and public consciousness, while determinism made it possible to expose their objective dependence on sociohistorical and naturalgeographical factors. Such a wealth of theoretical tools helped Kosta to think deeply and thoroughly about the metaphysical problems of mountain society. And this was the basis for the formation of his realistic type of thinking that can give a surprisingly organic, objectively conceptual, artistic and aesthetic analysis of the critical state of the world. And from this analysis logically followed a convincing conclusion, calling people to ruthless struggle for freedom, equality and brotherhood of people, namely: the world is hostile to man, destroys it physically and corrupts morally. And, therefore, in these sociohistorical circumstances, a person is doomed to death if he does not protect his life and freedom. In solving such a complex artistic and aesthetic problem Kosta skillfully used Ossetian mythology as an important component of the structure of the realistic type of thinking, the foundations of which he laid in the emerging Ossetian literature.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 225-243
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Chodkowski ◽  

Motivation is a factor influencing human activity from an early age through entire adulthood. It manifests itself in the three most important areas: play, education and work. These areas combine with each other in different proportions and they depend on many factors related to the living environment and the interests of the individual. The most important ones include care, upbringing, education, family environment, family atmosphere, social and economic conditions, health, and others. These factors shape the child's perception of the world, and also affect the individual in making important decisions, which include, among others, the choice of the field of study. The environment of people, objects, and place of living imply motives in creating human behaviour, which translates into his life aspirations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2-S) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Sharib Raza Khan ◽  
Babita Sharma ◽  
Sankha Bhattacharya

SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) or coronavirus disease that emerged in Wuhan, China's Hubei province. According to a Wuhan citizen, the virus spread from the Wuhan fish market to humans via a form of waterborne transmission. The WHO proclaimed the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic a global public health emergency in March of the following year. Rather than influencing the individual animals mostly, the movement of humans and a few days later, the infection spread to other parts of the world by the distribution of specimens to animals and by the movement of humans, causing considerable illness in human populations. An estimated one and a total of nearly sixty-eight million two hundred and fifty-six million people have been impacted, including one and a million thousand five hundred and sixty thousand fatalities in more than two hundred countries around the world. As of the present, there are no medicines or vaccinations against the world's first SARS-CoV-2 virus are in clinical trials molecular and cellular studies of CoVs, as well as their care, were reviewed in this latest assessment. Keywords:  SARS-CoV-2, WHO, Global pandemic, Human coronaviruses, Pathogenesis, Treatments


Author(s):  
Alexander S. Fesenko

This paper advances the idea that Russian constitutionalism developed through a reinterpretation of Russian history in terms of Hegel's concept of the World Spirit. Russians implicitly viewed their nation as the embodiment of Hegel's World Spirit, which would have a unique messianic mission for humanity. However, the specifics of Russia's historical development diverged from Hegel's critical stage of ethical development, in which individuals would be mutually recognized as free beings. For this reason, the rights of the individual in Russia were seen until recently as originating exclusively in the state and valid only insofar as a given individual constituted an organic part of the whole or collective. I give examples from all six Russian and Soviet constitutions. I also demonstrate how the 1993 post-Soviet constitution represents a major breakthrough in the advancement of individual rights in Russia.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsy Yang ◽  
Kuender D. Yang

Different emerging viral infections may emerge in different regions of the world and pose a global pandemic threat with high fatality. Clarification of the immunopathogenesis of different emerging viral infections can provide a plan for the crisis management and prevention of emerging infections. This perspective article describes how an emerging viral infection evolves from microbial mutation, zoonotic and/or vector-borne transmission that progresses to a fatal infection due to overt viremia, tissue-specific cytotropic damage or/and immunopathology. We classified immunopathogenesis of common emerging viral infections into 4 categories: 1) deficient immunity with disseminated viremia (e.g., Ebola); 2) pneumocytotropism with/without later hyperinflammation (e.g., COVID-19); 3) augmented immunopathology (e.g., Hanta); and 4) antibody-dependent enhancement of infection with altered immunity (e.g., Dengue). A practical guide to early blocking of viral evasion, limiting viral load and identifying the fatal mechanism of an emerging viral infection is provided to prevent and reduce the transmission, and to do rapid diagnoses followed by the early treatment of virus neutralization for reduction of morbidity and mortality of an emerging viral infection such as COVID-19.


Author(s):  
P. N. Kondrashov ◽  

The article attempts a broad (philosophical) definition of the concept of «environment». The relevance of this attempt is due to the fact that in the modern ecological discourse there is a narrow understanding of the environment, which is mainly reduced to the concept of nature. This one-dimensionality leads to the fact that the analysis of environmental problems does not take into account the multilateral dialectical interrelationships between a person and the whole environment in which he exists. Based on the philosophical and anthropological ideas of Karl Marx, the author shows that in the process of carrying out his activity (praxis), a person, entering into metabolic relations with nature (which acts as the «inorganic human body», his life means and an irreparable condition for his existence), transforms this nature (natürliche Welt) and thereby creates its «second nature» — the surrounding cultural environment (Umwelt). But since praxis is always carried out together with Others, relations with them form the world of people — the social environment (Mitwelt), which, being internalized in the psyche of the individual, forms his own world — the existential environment (Eigenwelt). Thus, the environment, understood in such a broad sense, is an integral, internally interconnected system of three worlds: animate and inanimate nature (natürliche Welt), material and spiritual culture (Umwelt) and human society (Mitwelt), through relations with which and there is a man and his own inner existential world (I, Eigenwelt). As a result, the author concludes that for a full-fledged and harmonious existence of a person himself, it is necessary, within the framework of a philosophical and ecological worldview and lifestyle, to treat with thrifty care not only the natural environment, but also human society and human culture, thanks to which a person exists as a person, for all these worlds — nature, society and culture — constitute the home (οἶκος) in which man lives.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Coline Covington

The Berlin Wall came down on 9 November 1989 and marked the end of the Cold War. As old antagonisms thawed a new landscape emerged of unification and tolerance. Censorship was no longer the principal means of ensuring group solidarity. The crumbling bricks brought not only freedom of movement but freedom of thought. Now, nearly thirty years later, globalisation has created a new balance of power, disrupting borders and economies across the world. The groups that thought they were in power no longer have much of a say and are anxious about their future. As protest grows, we are beginning to see that the old antagonisms have not disappeared but are, in fact, resurfacing. This article will start by looking at the dissembling of a marriage in which the wall that had peacefully maintained coexistence disintegrates and leads to a psychic development that uncannily mirrors that of populism today. The individual vignette leads to a broader psychological understanding of the totalitarian dynamic that underlies populism and threatens once again to imprison us within its walls.


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