INFLUENCE OF NITRATES, PHOSPHATE, SULPHATE AND SALTS OF Ca, Mg AND K, ON HYDROGEL HYDRATATION CAPACITY

ABSTRACT Hydrogel hydration capacity in solution was evaluated at different levels of electrical conductivity (EC) using nitrate, phosphates, sulfates, and salts of calcium, potassium and magnesium. Four sequential experiments were performed using potassium polyacrylate copolymer. The first experiment aimed to determine the lowest hydrogel dose, at which occur maximum deionized water absorption. The test was assembled in a completely randomized design with six hydrogel doses (1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g L-1) and four replicates. The second experiment consisted of testing the sucrose P.A. doses (0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 %) in order to evaluate the change in osmotic potential of the solution on hydrogel hydration. The third and fourth studies were carried out in a complete randomized design, using a 6 x 3 x 2 factorial scheme with four replicates. For the third experiment, the factors were six levels of EC (0; 0.25; 0.50; 1.00; 1.50 and 2.00 mS cm1) increased by the addition of three anions (NO3-; PO43- and SO42-) along with counter-ions Ca++ and K+. For the fourth experiment, the same six levels of EC were achieved by adding the three cations (Ca++, Mg++ and K+), along with the counter-ions Cl- and SO42-. Hydration capacity of the hydrogel decreases when the ionic concentration of the solution increases and the reduction of the osmotic potential through the addition of sucrose does not interfere in its swelling capability. Anions and cations in the solution negatively influence the process of the hydrogel hydration. The most pronounced effect is for those with higher valence.

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Eletrolite leakage as a technique to diagnose euphorbia heterophylla biotypes resistant to ppo-inhibitors herbicides

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582011000300020 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 655-662 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M.M Trezzi ◽

R.A Vidal ◽

N.D Kruse ◽

M.S Gustman ◽

E Xavier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Plant Tissue ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Indirect Evidence ◽

The Third ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Fourth Experiment ◽

Tissue Target ◽

Leaf Disks

The action of herbicides that affect the integrity of cell membranes and cause leakage, like PPO-inhibitors, can be detected by measuring the electric conductivity (EC) of a solution in which the plant tissue target is incubated in the presence of herbicide. The objectives of this work were to confirm PPO resistance in a new Euphorbia heterophylla (EPHHL) biotype, and to compare the electrolyte leakage from R and S to PPO-inhibitors biotypes, using two different methods of incubation in a solution containing herbicides. One experiment was carried in greenhouse and three in laboratory, with a completely randomized design. In the greenhouse experiment, four biotypes of EPHHL were sprayed with seven rates of fomesafen to confirm resistance in suspected biotypes. Leaf disks from R and S EPHHL biotypes in the second and the third experiments and entire leaves in the fourth experiment were incubated in a solution containing PPO-inhibitors to subsequently determine EC of solution. The study confirmed the resistance to PPO-inhibitors in two EPHHL biotypes. There were no significant differences between S and R biotypes in the experiments with the incubation of leaf disks, but incubation of entire leaves of EPHHL S biotype showed higher EC when in a solution with fomesafen, in comparison to the R biotype. The results of this work are an indirect evidence that resistance to PPO-inhibitors is related to lower absorption of herbicide by the shoots and also to some kind of mechanism to cope with oxidative stress.

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The Tell-Tale Heart

International Journal of Synthetic Emotions ◽

10.4018/jse.2013010103 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 65-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Joris H. Janssen ◽

Wijnand A. Ijsselsteijn ◽

Joyce H.D.M. Westerink ◽

Paul Tacken ◽

Gert-Jan de Vries

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Facial Expressions ◽

Cardiac Activity ◽

Emotional Intensity ◽

Emotional Information ◽

The Third ◽

Fourth Experiment ◽

Different Levels

Heartbeats are strongly related to emotions, and people are known to interpret their own heartbeat as emotional information. To explore how people interpret other’s cardiac activity, the authors conducted four experiments. In the first experiment, they aurally presented ten different levels of heart rate to participants and compare emotional intensity ratings. In the second experiment, the authors compare the effects of nine levels of heart rate variability around 0.10 Hz and 0.30 Hz on emotional intensity ratings. In the third experiment, they combined manipulations of heart rate and heart rate variability to compare their effects. Finally, in the fourth experiment, they compare effects of heart rate to effects of angry versus neutral facial expressions, again on emotional intensity ratings. Overall, results show that people relate increases in heart rate to increases in emotional intensity. These effects were similar to effects of the facial expressions. This shows possibilities for using human interpretations of heart rate in communication applications.

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Pengaruh Pemberian Moringa oleifera Terhadap Kuantitas dan Kualitas Semen Sapi Peranakan Ongole

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis ◽

10.33772/jitro.v7i2.10886 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 119

Author(s):

Lukman Affandhy ◽

Muchamad Luthfi ◽

Dian Ratnawati ◽

Frediansyah Firdaus

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Research Method ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

The Third ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Leaf Powder ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Second Period

ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian bubuk daun Moringa oleifera (MO) terhadap kuantitas dan kualitas semen sapi peranakan ongole (PO). Metode penelitian menggunakan percobaan lapang dengan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan pemberian MO sebesar 0 kg/ekor/hari (P1); 0,05 kg/ekor/hari (P2) dan 0,1 kg/ekor/hari (P3). Analsis data menggunakan one way analysis of variance. Masing-masing perlakuan terdiri atas empat ekor dengan tiga periode pengamatan sebagai ulangan, yaitu periode pertama dan ketiga tanpa MO, dan periode kedua diberikan MO pada P2 dan P3. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa volume dan pH semen perlakuan P1, P2 dan P3 tidak berbeda semua periode pengamatan. Motilitas massa spermatozoa P2 dan P3 periode kedua dan ketiga menunjukan nilai +++ berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dibandingkan dengan P1 (++); motilitas individu perlakuan P1 menunjukkan nilai terendah 60,56±2,94 % (P<0,05) dibandingkan P2 dan P3 pada periode kedua dan ketiga (75,50±2,29 dan 72,50±2,34%). Konsentrasi spermatozoa P2 dan P3 periode kedua dan ketiga menunjukkan rata-rata >1.350 juta/ml berbeda nyata (P<0,05) daripada P1 (876±152juta/ml), sedangkan total spermatozoa motil menunjukkan nilai tertinggi 5.647±829 juta/ml pada P3 periode kedua.Viabilitas spermatozoa P2 dan P3 menunjukkan nilai >88-89 % beda nyata (P<0,05) daripada P1 (<84 %) pada periode kedua dan ketiga, sedangkan nilai abnormalitas spermatozoa yang terbaik adalah P2 sebesar 4,30% pada periode kedua dan P3 sebesar 5,33% pada periode ketiga. Disimpulkan pemberian bubuk daun MO dengan dosis 0,1 kg/ekor/hari dapat memperbaiki kuantitas dan kualitas semen (viabilitas dan total spermatozoa motil) sapi pejantan PO.Kata kunci: kuantitas dan kualitas semen, Moringa oleifera, sapi pejantan ABSTRACTThe research aimed to determine the effect of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaf powder on the quantity and quality of semen of ongole crossbreed. The research method used was a field experiment with a completely randomized design with three treatments giving MO of 0 kg/head/day (P1); 0.05 kg/head/day (P2) and 0.1 kg/head/day (P3). Each treatment consisted of four heads with three periods of observation as replications, namely the first and third periods without MO, and the second period was given MO on P2 and P3. Data analysis used a one-way analysis of variance. The results showed that the volume and pH of semen treated P1, P2, and P3 didn’t different in all observation periods. The second and third period spermatozoa mass motility of P2 and P3 showed that the value of +++ was significantly different (P<0.05) compared to P1 (++); Individual motility of P1 treatment showed the lowest value 60,56±2,94 % (P<0.05) compared to P2 and P3 in the second and third periods (75,50±2,29 and 72,50±2,34%). The second and third periods of P2 and P3 spermatozoa concentrations showed an average of >1,350 million/cc significantly different (P<0.05) than P1 (876±152 million/cc), while the total motile spermatozoa showed the highest value of 5,647±829 million/cc in the second period P3. The spermatozoa viability of P2 and P3 showed values >88-89% significantly different (P<0.05) than P1 (<84%) in the second and third periods, while the best spermatozoa abnormalities were P2 at 4.30% in the second period and P3 at 5.33% in the third period. It was concluded that the giving of MO leaf powder at a dose of 0,1 kg/head/day could improve the quantity and quality of semen (viability and total motile spermatozoa) of Ongole Crossbreed bulls. Keywords: bulls, Moringa oleifera, quantity and quality of semen

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THE EFFECT OF (Morinda citrifolia L.) MEAL IN DIET ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER

Jurnal Agroindustri ◽

10.31186/j.agroind.2.1.21-27 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 21-27

Author(s):

Yosi Fenita

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Morinda Citrifolia ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Different Levels ◽

Effect Of Feeding ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

The objective of the research was to evaluate to effect of feeding mengkudu on performances of broilers. The research design used was completely randomized design. One hundred broilers were distributed into five treatments. The treatments were different levels of mengkudu meal (0, 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25 % and 3%). The observed measured were feed consumption, average body weight (gain) and feed conversion. Results showed that feeding mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia L.) no effect significant (P>0.05) on feed consumption, average body weight and feed conversion. In conclusion, feeding mengkudu meal up to 3% (in diet) does not negatively affect feed consumption, average body weight, and feed conversion.

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Distinction between Dolus and Culpa with reference to Arson in Zakon Sudnyj LJudem, the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj

De Jure ◽

10.54664/bcpp7658 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Haman ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Criminal Law ◽

The Other ◽

Legal Documents ◽

The Third ◽

Other Hand ◽

Criminal Offenses ◽

The World ◽

The Difference ◽

Different Levels ◽

Better Than

The difference between intent (dolus) and negligence (culpa) was rarely emphasized in codified medieval laws and regulations. When compared to the legal statements related to intent, negligence was mentioned even more rarely. However, there are some laws that distinguished between the two concepts in terms of some specific crimes, such as arson. This paper draws attention to three medieval Slavic legal documents – the Zakon Sudnyj LJudem (ZSLJ), the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj. They are compared with reference to regulations regarding arson, with the focus being on arson as a crime committed intentionally or out of negligence. The ZSLJ as the oldest known Slavic law in the world shows some similarities with other medieval Slavic legal codes, especially in the field of criminal law, since most of the ZSLJ’s articles are related to criminal law. On the other hand, the Vinodol Law is the oldest preserved Croatian law and it is among the oldest Slavic codes in the world. It was written in 1288 in the Croatian Glagolitic script and in the Croatian Chakavian dialect. The third document – the Statute of Senj – regulated legal matters in the Croatian littoral town of Senj. It was written in 1388 – exactly a century after the Vinodol Law was proclaimed. When comparing the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj with the Zakon Sudnyj LJudem, there are clear differences and similarities, particularly in the field of criminal law. Within the framework of criminal offenses, the act of arson is important for making a distinction between intent and negligence. While the ZSLJ regulates different levels of guilt, the Vinodol Law makes no difference between dolus and culpa. On the other hand, the Statute of Senj strictly refers to negligence as a punishable crime. Even though the ZSLJ is almost half a millennium older than the Statute of Senj and around 400 years older than the Vinodol Law, this paper proves that the ZSLJ defines the guilt and the punishment for arson much better than the other two laws.

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Biometric viscera and blood parameters of meat quails supplemented with inorganic selenium and vitamin E

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402017000400007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 560-575

Author(s):

Vittor Zancanela ◽

Antonio Claudio Furlan ◽

Paulo César Pozza ◽

Simara Márcia Marcato ◽

Daiane de Oliveira Grieser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Spleen Weight ◽

Quadratic Effect ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Inorganic Selenium ◽

Mineral Interaction ◽

Different Levels

SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate biometric viscera and blood parameters of quails at 14 and 35 days of age, supplemented with different levels of inorganic selenium and vitamin E. A completely randomized design was used in a 4×4 factorial scheme (inorganic Se = 0.1125, 0.2250, 0.3375 and 0.4500 mg/kg diet x VE = 10, 23, 36 and 49 IU/kg feed). In the 0-14 days experiment, 2,400 newborn quail were used, distributed in 16 treatments and three replications of 50 birds each. In the 14-35 days experiment, 1,680 14 day-old quails were used with same treatments and three replicates of 35 birds each. At 14 days, the relative spleen weights (P=0.0203) increased linearly as a function of the VE level, while at 35 days, the relative weight of the bursa (P=0.0390) increased linearly as a function of Se concentration. At 14 days, there was a vitamin x mineral interaction (p=0.0097) affecting total cholesterol (TC), and a quadratic effect (P = 0.0138) related to Se and linear reduction levels (P=0.0275) as a function of VE. At 35 days, the TC concentrations (P=0.0055) and triglycerides (TG, P = 0.0220) showed a quadratic effect for Se. The linear increase in spleen weight and bursa after 14 and 35 days respectively suggests an improved immune response as a function of VE and Se supplementation. To achieve the lowest concentration of TC and TG at 35 days of age, supplementation of 0.26 and 0.29 mg/Se/kg/feed, respectively, is recommended.

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PENAMBAHAN LARUTAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium cepa L.) DAN AIR KELAPA (Cocos nucifera L.) SEBAGAI FITOHORMON ALAMI PADA PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN TEBU (Sacchanum officinarum L.) SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR BIOLOGI

BIOEDUKASI (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi) ◽

10.24127/bioedukasi.v11i2.3425 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 160

Author(s):

Dewi Kurniawati ◽

HRA Mulyani ◽

Rasuane Noor

Keyword(s):

Allium Cepa ◽

Water Solution ◽

Cocos Nucifera ◽

Coconut Water ◽

The Third ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Allium Cepa L ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

The One ◽

Cocos Nucifera L

This study aims to 1) to see the effect of natural phytohormones in onions and coconut water on the growth of sugarcane, 2) To see the effect of giving natural phytohormones to sugarcane plants which produce the best growth, 3) To see the results of research on the growth of sugarcane can be used biology learning resources. This type of research is an experimental study using a completely randomized design (CRD). This study consisted of 4 treatments, namely, the first treatment was giving sand and red soil, the second treatment was giving manure and 15% concentration of onion solution phytohormones, the third treatment was giving manure and phytohormones with 25% concentration of coconut water solution, the fourth treatment was Pembrian. Manure and phytohormone combined with 15% concentration of onion solution + phytohormone with 25% concentration of coconut water solution. The parameters observed in this study were height in units (cm), number of leaves (counting manually), stem diameter in units (cm). To determine the effect of phytohormone solutions on shallots and coconut water, data analysis was carried out using the one-way ANOVA test. and further tests to find out the most optimum treatment for the growth of sugarcane using the BNJ test. Based on the research, there was a significant effect of giving natural phytohormones on the growth of sugarcane, with the best treatment, namely the third treatment of giving manure and phytohormones of coconut water solution. The results of this research can be used as a source of learning biology in the form of videos with material on the growth and development of class XII. Kata kunci: larutan bawang merah (allium cepa L), air kelapa (cocos nucifera L), fitohormon, tanamantebu.

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Risk and Resilience in Pregnancy and Birth

Multisystemic Resilience ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190095888.003.0004 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 57-77

Author(s):

Cecily Young ◽

Susan Ayers

Keyword(s):

Transition To Parenthood ◽

Perinatal Period ◽

Personal Attributes ◽

Future Research ◽

Risk And Resilience ◽

The Third ◽

The Impact ◽

Different Levels ◽

Pregnancy And Birth ◽

In Pregnancy

Pregnancy, birth, and becoming a parent involves substantial changes at biological, psychological, social, and broader cultural levels. As such, it is a continuing process of adaptation to change and new demands. This chapter provides an overview of risk and resilience in pregnancy, birth, and the transition to parenthood and the impact of these experiences on both women and their infants. The first part of the chapter provides an overview of experiences of pregnancy and birth and risks that arise, in particular trauma that may be experienced during birth. The second part looks at resilience in pregnancy and birth, what we know, and what we still need to know in this area. The third part looks at theories of resilience relevant to the perinatal period and how it is important to look at resilience at different levels (e.g. epi/genetic, personal attributes, relationships, support systems, culture, and environment). The authors conclude with key considerations for future research and theory in this area.

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Effect of Storage Temperature on Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. Viability on Several Carriers

Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) ◽

10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v22i1.29 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sri Sukamto

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Ultra Violet ◽

Rice Flour ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Maize Flour ◽

The Third ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Tapioca Flour

One of the entomopatogenous fungus types commonly observed and showed potency as myco-insectiside is Beauveria bassiana(Bals.) Vuill.In order to support effectiveness and patogenous activity of B. bassiana, it is necessary to add a carrying agent that protects its spores from ultra violet ray. This study aims to investigate the effect of storage temperature on viability of B. Bassianaspores on the carrier material. The observation was carried out in the Laboratory of Plant Diseases, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute. The research was arranged in completely randomized design by three factors. The first factor was carrier (C), that consists of C1 = rice flour, C2 = maize flour and C3 = tapioca flour. The second factor was dosage (D), that consists of D1 = 1 g B. bassiana+ 1 g carrier; D2 = 1 g B. bassiana+ 5 g carrier and D3 = 1 g B. bassiana+ 10 g carrier. The third factor was temperature of the storage (T),that consists of T1 = 5oC; T2 = 23oC and T3 = 29oC. Viability of B. Bassiana spores was examined by observing development of 100 blastopores randomly and determined under light microscope with 400 times magnification. Observation was conducted in two replicates after the spores of B. bassiana were kept in the storage for 2, 4, 8 and 16 weeks. The result showed that by adding 1 g tapioca flour and temperature of storage of 5oC was potentiall in keeping viability of B. bassianaspores at least for 2 months. It was due to that tapioca flour gave better effect than rice and maize flours in keeping the storage and appropriate low temperature. Viability of B. bassianaspores decreased with increasing carrier dosage, temperature and duration of the storage. Whereas, storage at 5oC was found to be a better condition in keeping viability of dry pure B. bassianaspores longer than conditions of 23o and 29oC. Key word:Beauveria bassiana, temperature, viability,carrier.

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The effect of temperature on the physiological condition and growth performance of freshwater eel elver Anguilla bicolor bicolor McClelland, 1844

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.17.2.181-190 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 181

Author(s):

Latifa Fekri ◽

Ridwan Affandi ◽

Muhammad Fajar Rahardjo ◽

Tatag Budiardi ◽

Charles Parningotan Haratua Simanjuntak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Physiological Condition ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Aquatic Animal ◽

Metabolism Rate ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Freshwater Eel ◽

Survival And Growth ◽

Physiology Laboratory ◽

Different Levels

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the effect of water temperature on the physiological condition and growth performance of freshwater eel elver Anguilla bicolor bicolor (McClelland, 1844). This study was conducted in March 2017 at the Physiology Laboratory of Aquatic Animal, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University. The study used a completely randomized design with five different levels of temperature (22°C, 24°C, 26°C, 28°C, and 30°C) as treatments with two replications. The size of elver was 2‒3 g. Fish were fed with 1 mm pellet containing 45% of protein. The feeding level was 7 % of fish biomass and the feeding frequency was two times a day. The results showed that temperatures range from 24‒30°C could be used for freshwater eel elver rearing and 28‒30°Cwere the best temperatures to support survival and growth performance of eel elver. A temperature of 24°C was the best temperature that could reduce the metabolism rate and did not cause stress on the elver. Keywords: elver, physiological conditions, growth performance, metabolism, temperature ABSTRAK Penelitian dengan tujuan menganalisis pengaruh suhu terhadap kondisi fisiologis dan kinerja pertumbuhan elver ikan sidat (Anguilla bicolor bicolor McClelland, 1844) telah dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2017 di Laboratorium Fisiologi Hewan Air FPIK IPB. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima perlakuan suhu berbeda (22°C, 24°C, 26°C, 28°C, dan 30°C) dengan masing-masing dua ulangan. Ukuran benih yang digunakan 2‒3 g. Pakan yang diberikan berupa pellet berukuran 1 mm dengan kadar protein 45%. Jumlah pakan yang diberikan (FR) adalah 7% dari biomassa ikan dan diberikan dua kali sehari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kisaran suhu 24‒30°C dapat digunakan dalam pemeliharaan elver ikan sidat, dan suhu 28‒30°C merupakan suhu yang sangat baik untuk mendukung kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan elver ikan sidat. Suhu media 24°C adalah suhu terbaik yang dapat menekan laju metabolisme dengan tidak menyebabkan stres pada elver ikan sidat. Kata kunci: elver, kondisi fisiologis, kinerja pertumbuhan, metabolisme, suhu

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