scholarly journals Influence of disinfestation and osmotic conditioning on the germinating behavior of australian royal palm (Archontophoenix alexandrae)seeds

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Torres Teixeira ◽  
Henrique Duarte Vieira ◽  
Sílvio Lopes Teixeira ◽  
Roberto Ferreira. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

The technique of Osmotic Conditioning, which consists of partial and controlled hydration of the seeds, has obtained success with various species of seeds, increasing the germinating span and tolerance to the adverse conditions of the environment, and has also reduced the time elapsed between sowing and the emergence of the plants. Associated to ideal storage conditions, the treatment has increased the performance of the seeds of tropical wood species. Aiming at studying the germinating environment and the effect of osmotic conditioning on the germination of seeds of the Australian Royal Palm tree, two experiments were performed. The first one evaluated the effect of disinfestation of the seeds of the Australian Royal Palm tree with NaClO. The treatments applied were: 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, exposure periods of 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 240 minutes, and the fungicide Captan, as control. The treatments with NaClO did not differ in relation to the final percentage of germination and to the germination speed index, and did not differ from the treatment control. The second test evaluated solutions with the following osmotic potentials: 0.0MPa (pure water), -0.4MPa, -0.6MPa and -0.8MPa, exposed for the periods of 10 and 20 days. The final percentage of germination did not differ among the treatments. The seeds hydrated in pure water for a period of 20 days showed a germination speed index significantly superior to the other treatments, and they did not show significant differences among themselves.

Efeito de Diferentes Potenciais Osmóticos sobre a Germinação e o Desenvolvimento de Plântulas de Feijão Enxofre

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Marlon Lima De Araújo ◽  
Ana Caroline Messias De Magalhães ◽  
Marcos Giovane Pedroza De Abreu ◽  
James Araújo Maciel ◽  
André Luiz Melhorança Filho
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Em vista das variações climáticas ocasionadas pelas mudanças do clima mundial, a agricultura busca novas alternativas de plantas que possam se desenvolver e produzir em condições adversas (seca ou chuvas excessivas). O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a germinação e o desenvolvimento inicial de sementes do feijão enxofre sob diferentes potenciais osmóticos. As sementes foram postas para germinar em papel germitest embebido em solução de cloreto de sódio nos potenciais osmóticos: 0; -0,1; -0,2; -0,3; -0,4; -0,5; -1; -1,5; -2,0 MPa. Para a análise dos dados foram utilizados os índices de velocidade de germinação (IVG), coeficiente de velocidade de germinação CVG (%), porcentagem de germinação, comprimento da radícula (CRF) e hipocótilo final (CHF), tempo médio de germinação (TMG). Observou-se redução nos índices de IVG, G (%), CVG (%), CRF, CHF e aumento no TMG, nos potenciais de -0,1; -0,2; -0,3; -0,4; MPa. O IVG apresentou redução em todos os potenciais. Conclui-se que a variedade feijão enxofre não reduziu sua germinação em função das condições de potencial hídrico, fato que não foi observado nos demais parâmetros (IVG, TMG e CVG%), que apresentaram interferências negativas significativas, mostrando que apesar de ser exposto a situações de baixa disponibilidade hídrica, o feijão enxofre não reduz seu estande, mostrando potencial de uso em áreas de seca ou solos salinos. Palavras-chave: Feijão Enxofre. Germinação. Potencial Osmótico. AbstractIn view of the climatic variations caused by changes in the global climate, agriculture seeks new alternatives of plants that can develop and produce in adverse conditions (drought or excessive rain). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the germination and early development of sulfur beans seeds under different osmotic potentials. The seeds were put to germinate in germitest paper soaked in sodium chloride solution osmotic potential: 0; -0.1; -0.2; -0.3; -0.4; -0.5; -1; -1.5; -2.0 MPa. For data analysis  the germination speed index (IVG), germination speed CVG coefficient (%), germination percentage, length of the radicle (CRF) and hypocotilum (CHF), average time of germination (TMG) were used. Reduction was observed in the indices of IVG, G (%), CVG (%), CRF, CHF and increase in TMG, the potential of-0.1 0.2 0.3;0.4; MPa.  IVG exhibited reduction in all  the potentials. It is concluded that the sulfur beans variety did not reduce its  germination conditions of water potential, a fact that was not observed in the other parameters (IVG, TMG and CVG%) which ave significant adverse interference, showing that despite being exposed to situations of low water availability the sulfur beans does not reduce its stand, showing potential for use in dry areas or saline soils. Keywords: Sulfur Beans. Germination. Osmotic Potential.

377. Corrosion by commercial sodium hypochlorites and its inhibition

1949 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Botham ◽  
G. A. Dummett
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Simple Equation ◽  
Nickel Silver ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Dairy Equipment ◽  
Cast Stainless Steel ◽  
Bactericidal Efficiency

Commercial sodium hypochlorites, whether containing KMnO4 or not, are shown to be corrosive at 150 p.p.m. available chlorine and 40° C. to metals such as aluminium, tinned copper, nickel silver and cast stainless steel (18 Cr, 8 Cu, 3 Mo) which are used in dairy equipment. Hypochlorites containing KMnO4 when aged are potentially dangerous to wrought 18/8 stainless steel. The attack is by pitting and therefore especially dangerous to all the metals investigated, and, in general, increases with increase of time of exposure and temperature.Decay of sodium hypochlorite solutions results in conversion of NaOCl to NaCl and NaC103, which reaction is shown to follow a simple equation fairly closely in various storage conditions.Attack on metals by sodium hypochlorite can be efficiently inhibited by addition of sodium silicate, which has a specific action in addition to the effect exerted by increase of alkalinity. NaOH and Na2CO3 additions to the same pH are not so effective and increase attack on aluminium.Increase of pH from 9 to 10·5 by addition of Na2CO3 or sodium silicate reduces bactericidal efficiency of hypochlorites to the same extent.

scholarly journals A literature review on complications and management of use sodium hypochlorite in endodontics

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-193
Author(s):  
Sunny Sharma ◽  
Sonali ◽  
Asusa ◽  
Chander Udhey ◽  
Puneet Kour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Soft Tissue Injury ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Canal Therapy ◽  
Other Hand

The most commonly used irrigant in the field of endodontics is sodium hypochlorite in the procedure of root canal therapy. Although the use of sodium hypochlorite is quite safe but on the other hand when it comes in to direct contact with the soft tissue, it can result in soft tissue injury.

scholarly journals Titus Flavius Clemens’ Stance on Wine as Expressed in Paedagogus

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 187-205
Author(s):  
Jolanta Dybała ◽  
Krzysztof Jagusiak ◽  
Michał Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Food Product ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Golden Mean ◽  
Wine Consumption ◽  
Christian Theologian ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Titus Flavius Clemens was a philosopher and Christian theologian from the period of the 2nd–3th century. The aim of this paper is to present his view on the subject of wine and his recommendations on wine consumption as described in his work entitled Paedagogus. In this work Titus Flavius Clemens focuses primarily on the moral side of drinking wine. He is a great supporter of the ancient principle of moderation, or the golden mean (μεσότης). We also find its traces in his recommendations regarding the drinking of wine. First of all, he does not require Christians to be abstinent. Although he considers water as the best natural beverage to satisfy thirst, he does not make them reject God’s wine. The only condition he sets, however, is to maintain moderation in drinking it. He recommends diluting wine with water, as the peaceful Greeks always did, unlike the war-loving barbarians who were more prone to drunkenness. On the other hand, Titus Flavius Clemens warns the reader against excessive dilution of wine, so that it does not turn out to be pure water. He severely criticizes drunkenness, picturesquely presenting the behavior of drunks, both men and women. Wine in moderation has, in his opinion, its advantages – social, familial and individual. It makes a person better disposed to himself or herself, kinder to friends and more gentle to family members. Wine, when consumed in moderation, may also have medicinal properties. Clemens is well aware of this fact and in his work he cites several medical opinions on the subject. Unfortunately, in Paedagogus we find little information about wine as a food product / as an everyday bevarage. The input on the subject is limited to the list of exclusive, imported wines. What is worth noting, Titus Flavius Clemens appears to be a sommelier in this way.

GALEN ON THE HYGIENE OF THE NEWBORN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 840-840
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Medical History ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Marcus Aurelius ◽  
Personal Physician ◽  
To Come

Claudius Galenus is one of the most remarkable figures in medical history. Born at Pergamos in Asia Minor, A.D. 131, he travelled extensively, studied medicine at Alexandria, and in 162 settled in Rome, where in 169 he became the personal physician to the Emperor Marcus Aurelius. In his text entitled Hygiene (De Sanitate Tuenda) he described the care of the newborn infant as follows: The newborn infant, in his entire constitution, should first be powdered moderately and wrapped in swaddling-clothes, in order that his skin may be made thicker and firmer than the parts within. For during pregnancy everything was equally soft, since nothing of a harder nature touched it from without, and no cold air came in contact with it, whereby the skin would be contracted and thickened, and would become tougher and denser than it was before and than the other parts of the body. But when the baby is born, it is necessarily going to come in contact with cold and heat and with many bodies harder than itself. Therefore it is appropriate that his natural covering should be best prepared by us for exposure. For infants who are in accordance with nature, a simple salt dusting-power is sufficient; for those whom it is necessary to sprinkle with dried leaves of myrrh, or something else of this sort, are obviously abnormal. But at present it is our purpose to discuss those of the best constitution. These, then, as has been said, having been wrapped in swaddling-clothes, should receive milk for nourishment, and baths of pure water; for they require a completely moist regime, since they have a moister constitution than those of other ages. . . .

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of Pure Water Jet Machining of Ti-6Al-4V

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Pasken ◽  
J. Ma ◽  
Muhammad P. Jahan ◽  
Shuting Lei
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Modeling ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Cutting Processes

Abstract The most common problem when machining titanium using traditional metal cutting processes is that tools rapidly wear out and need to be replaced. This study examines the ability of a pure water jet to machine Ti-6Al-4V via simulations using ABAQUS’s Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). These simulations are then validated experimentally at two pressures, 138 MPa and 317 MPa. Using a Maxiem water jet built by Omax, experiments are conducted by creating a series of 5 lines that are 5 inches (127 mm) long placed 0.5 inches (12.7 mm) apart on a 1 mm thick Ti-6Al-4V workpiece. Predictive modeling is also conducted using the two additional pressures 400 MPa and 621 MPa as well as three orifice diameters 0.254 mm, 0.3556 mm, and 0.4572 mm. The simulations are validated at both pressures and had a percent error less than 2.6% which were within the standard deviation of the experimental results. The predictive modeling indicates that the pressures above 317 MPa create a near identical percent increase from the orifice diameter but the kerf has a more noticeable decrease in width of cut as the pressure increases. The 138 MPa has the smoothest surface profile compared to the other pressures. The volume of removed material decreases as the pressure increases but the material removal rate (MRR) increases as the pressure increases. This is due to the velocity of the water increasing as the pressure increases causing a lower run time. The 621 MPa is the best pressure to machine Ti-6Al-4V as it has a better MRR than the other pressures used in the predictive modelling.

Simple Correlations and Analysis of Cuttings Transport With Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids in Horizontal and Deviated Wells

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sorgun
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Newtonian Fluids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cuttings Transport ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Bed Thickness ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Cuttings Bed ◽  
Pipe Rotation

In this study, simple empirical frictional pressure losses and cuttings bed thickness correlations including pipe rotation are developed for solid-liquid flow in horizontal and deviated wellbores. Pipe rotation effects on cuttings transport in horizontal and highly inclined wells are investigated experimentally. Correlations are validated experimental data with pure water as well as four different non-Newtonian fluids for hole inclinations from horizontal to 60 degrees, flow velocities from 0.64 m/s to 3.56 m/s, rate of penetrations from 0.00127 to 0.0038 m/s, and pipe rotations from 0 to 250 rpm. Pressure drop within the test section, and stationary and/or moving bed thickness are recorded besides the other test conditions. The new correlations generated in this study are believed to be very practical and handy when they are used in the field.

Inhibition of Blockage by Ice Crystal in Water in a Micro-Channel by Using Antifreeze Protein

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimichi Hagiwara ◽  
Yosuke Ohnishi ◽  
Daichi Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Antifreeze Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Micro Channel ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Protein Solution ◽  
Local Cooling ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Temperature Changes

Experiments have been conducted into the freezing of water flow and the aqueous solution flow of winter flounder antifreeze protein in a micro-channel of 0.15mm in height, 1.2mm in width and 21mm in length. The local temperature is measured with a sheathed thermocouple of 0.1mm in diameter. Nearly flat interfaces, parallel to the cooling sidewall of the channel, are observed in the case of pure water regardless of flow rate. On the other hand, serrated interfaces are observed in the case of protein solution flow regardless of flow rate. The decreasing rate of the temperature changes when the interface reaches the thermocouple. Around this instant, a slight increase in the temperature is observed due to supercooling release. In the case of local cooling, the interface becomes more serrated as the flow rate increases. This is because the interaction between the interface and the protein continuously approaching the interface due to the flow occurs more frequently with an increase in the flow rate.

Acceptability, Shrinkage and Microbial Growth of Vacuum Packaged Pork Comparing Intact Packages, Leaking Packages and Roasts Sprayed with Sodium Hypochlorite

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
GONZALO FANDIÑO ◽  
GEORGE C. SKELLEY ◽  
DALE L. HANDLIN
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Vacuum Packaging ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensory Panel ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Linear Fashion ◽  
Pork Loin

Fifty four boneless pork loin roasts from three slaughter sessions were assigned to three treatments: (A) roasts sprayed with sodium hypochlorite (200 ppm) prior to vacuum packaging (sprayed), (B) roasts vacuum packaged and mechanically punctured (leaker), and (C) roasts vacuum packaged (control). Roasts within treatments were assigned to six storage (2.8 ± 1°C) intervals (24 h to 5 weeks). Shrinkage was greater (P<.05) for roasts in leaker bags and roasts sprayed with sodium hypochlorite than for the controls. An increase in tenderness was observed up to the first week of storage and roasts from swine 3 months older were less tender throughout the experiment. The roasts stored in the leaker bags were rated lower (P<.05) than the roasts from intact bags for all sensory panel traits. The panel members were unable to detect differences (P<.05) between samples from the intact vacuum stored roasts for up to the fourth week (treatment A and C); however, small pinholes (treatment B-leaker) caused the roasts to become unacceptable at the fourth week sampling. Storing vacuum packaged boneless fresh pork loins up to 4 weeks did not decrease overall acceptance or sensory characteristics unless the package was a leaker. The psychrotrophic count was higher (P<.05) for the leakers than for the other two treatment groups. A spray of sodium hypochlorite (200 ppm) did not cause a decrease (P<.05) in the bacterial load when compared with the control. Clostridium perfringens was not detected in the study. TBA values increased during storage in a linear fashion for all treatments, and the increase was greatest for the leakers.

scholarly journals Germination of Psidium friedrichsthalianum (O. Berg) Nied. seeds under different temperature and storage conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Felipe de Oliveira Gentil ◽  
Sidney Alberto do Nascimento Ferreira ◽  
Elizabeth Rodrigues Rebouças
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
And Storage

Abstract: Psidium friedrichsthalianum is a species whose fruit can be used to make juices, jellies/jams and sweets, and its seedlings serve as rootstocks with resistance to Meloidogyne spp. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of seeds of this species at different germination temperatures, and to verify the effects of different moisture levels on their storage in two experiments. In the first, six germination temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 ºC) were evaluated, and in the second, seeds with different moisture levels (15.4, 9.8, 9.0, 8.4, and 8.2%) were stored in sealed containers at 20 °C for 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Seed germination was favored by temperatures of 20 ºC and 25 ºC, reaching 93% and 87%, respectively, along with the highest germination speed indexes (2.582% day1 and 2.568% day-1) and shortest germination times (37.9 and 36.9 days). Temperatures of 30 °C and 35 °C maintained the seeds quiescent, while 40 °C was lethal. In storage, the seeds tolerated desiccation to 8.2% moisture content and could be stored in sealed containers at 20 ºC for 12 months, with germination higher than 70%.

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