scholarly journals Dysphagia after antireflux fundoplication: endoscopic, radiological and manometric evaluation

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drausio Jeferson MORAIS ◽  
Luiz Roberto LOPES ◽  
Nelson Adami ANDREOLLO
Keyword(s):  
Medical History ◽  
Esophageal Manometry ◽  
Nissen Fundoplication ◽  
Motility Disorder ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Residual Pressure ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Diffuse Spasm ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

BACKGROUND: The transient dysphagia after fundoplication is common and most often disappears until six weeks postoperatively. AIM: Analyze a group of patients who presented late and persistent dysphagia postoperatively. METHODS: Forty-one patients after Nissen fundoplication, 14 male and 27 female, mean age 48 year, were evaluated based on medical history, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, contrast radiographic examination and esophageal manometry. The results were compared with another 19 asymptomatic individuals. RESULTS: Contrast radiographic examination of the esophagus revealed in six cases delayed emptying, characterizing that four patients had achalasia and two diffuse spasm of the esophagus. Esophageal manometry showed that maximal expiratory pressure of the lower sphincter ranged from 10 to 38 mmHg and mean respiratory pressure from 14 to 47 mmHg, values similar to controls. Residual pressure ranged from 5 to 31 mmHg, and 17 patients had the same values as the control group. CONCLUSION: The residual pressure of the lower sphincter was higher and statistically significant in patients with dysphagia compared with those operated without dysphagia. Future studies individualizing and categorizing each motility disorder, employing other techniques of manometry, and the analysis of the residual pressure may contribute to understand of persistent dysphagia in the postoperative fundoplication.

Asymptomatic reference values for the Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand and Patient-Rated Wrist/Hand Evaluation – electronic data collection and its clinical implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 988-993
Author(s):  
James M. McLean ◽  
Afsana P. Hasan ◽  
Jake Willet ◽  
Matthew Jennings ◽  
Kimberly Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Electronic Data ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Electronic Data Collection ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Hand Evaluation ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Asymptomatic Control

The purpose of this study was to establish normal asymptomatic population values for the Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand and Patient-Rated Wrist/Hand Evaluation in healthy, asymptomatic individuals of different age, gender, ethnicity, handedness and nationality, using electronic data collection. Two-hundred and ninety-two Australian and 293 Canadian citizens with no active wrist pain, injury or pathology in their dominant hand, were evaluated. Participants completed an electronically administered questionnaire and were assessed clinically. There was no statistically significant association between both wrist scores and nationality. There was a statistically significant association between both wrist scores and age, demonstrating that as age increased, normal wrist function declined. This study has established an electronic, asymptomatic control group for future studies using these scores. When using the Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand and Patient-Rated Wrist/Hand Evaluation, the control group can be sourced from a pre-established control group within a database, without necessarily being sourced from the same country of origin. Level of evidence: II

Eye-Movement Patterns of Readers With Down Syndrome During Sentence-Processing: An Exploratory Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Frenck-Mestre ◽  
Nathalie Zardan ◽  
Annie Colas ◽  
Alain Ghio
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Reading Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Simple Sentences

Abstract Eye movements were examined to determine how readers with Down syndrome process sentences online. Participants were 9 individuals with Down syndrome ranging in reading level from Grades 1 to 3 and a reading-level-matched control group. For syntactically simple sentences, the pattern of reading times was similar for the two groups, with longer reading times found at sentence end. This “wrap-up” effect was also found in the first reading of more complex sentences for the control group, whereas it only emerged later for the readers with Down syndrome. Our results provide evidence that eye movements can be used to investigate reading in individuals with Down syndrome and underline the need for future studies.

Does Self-reporting Facilitate History Taking in Food Poisoning Mass-casualty Incidents?

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-I Hsu ◽  
Ying C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Mass Casualty Incidents ◽  
Control Group ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Experimental Group

AbstractIntroductionMedical history is an important contributor to diagnosis and patient management. In mass-casualty incidents (MCIs), health care providers are often overwhelmed by large numbers of casualties. An efficient, reliable, and affordable method of information collection is essential for effective health care response.Hypothesis/ProblemIn some MCIs, self-reporting of symptoms can decrease the time required for history taking, without sacrificing the completeness of triage information.MethodsTwo resident doctors and a number of seventh graders who had previous experience of abdominal discomfort were invited to join this study. A questionnaire was developed to collect information on common symptoms in food poisoning. Each question was scored, and enrolled students were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group students answered the questionnaire first and then were interviewed to complete the medical history. The control group students were interviewed in the traditional way to collect medical history. Time of all interviews was measured and recorded. The time needed to complete the history taking and completeness of obtained information were compared with students’ t tests, or Mann-Whitney U tests, based on the normality of data. Comprehensibility of each question, scored by enrolled students, was reported by descriptive statistics.ResultsThere were 41 students enrolled: 22 in the experimental group and 19 in the control group. Time to complete history taking in the experimental group (163.0 seconds, SD=52.3) was shorter than that in the control group (198.7 seconds, SD=40.9) (P=.010). There was no difference in the completeness of history obtained between the experimental group and the control group (94.8%, SD=5.0 vs 94.2%, SD=6.1; P=.747). Between the two doctors, no significant difference was found in the time required for history taking (185.2 seconds, SD=42.2 vs 173.1 seconds, SD=58.6; P=.449), or the completeness of information (94.1%, SD=5.9 vs 95.0%, SD=5.0; P=.601). Most of the questions were scored “good” in comprehensibility.ConclusionSelf-reporting of symptoms can shorten the time of history taking during a food poisoning mass-casualty event without sacrificing the completeness of information.HsuY, HuangYC. Does self-reporting facilitate history taking in food poisoning mass-casualty incidents?Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(4):1-4.

scholarly journals Particulate bioglass in the regeneration of alveolar bone in dogs: clinical, surgical and radiographic evaluations

Revista CERES ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Alexandre Couto Tsiomis ◽  
Andréa Pacheco Batista Borges ◽  
Ana Paula Falci Daibert ◽  
Tatiana Schmitz Duarte ◽  
Emily Correna Carlo Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Radiological Analysis

Bone loss, either by trauma or other diseases, generates an increasing need for substitutes of this tissue. This study evaluated Bioglass as a bone substitute in the regeneration of the alveolar bone in mandibles of dogs by clinical, surgical and radiological analysis. Twenty-eight adult dogs were randomly separated into two equal groups. In each animal, a bone defect was created on the vestibular surface of the alveolar bone between the roots of the fourth right premolar tooth. In the treated group, the defect was immediately filled with bioglass, while in the control, it remained unfilled. Clinical evaluations were performed daily for a week, as well as x-rays immediately after surgery and at 8, 14, 21, 42, 60, 90 and 120 days post-operative. Most animals in both groups showed no signs of inflammation and wound healing was similar. Radiographic examination revealed a gradual increase of radiopacity in the region of the defect in the control group. In the treated group, initial radiopacity was higher than that of adjacent bone, decreasing until 21 days after surgery. Then it gradually increased until 120 days after surgery, when the defect became undetectable. The results showed that Bioglass integrates into bone tissue, is biocompatible and reduced the period for complete bone regeneration.

scholarly journals Transforming growth factor beta 1 expression and inflammatory cells in tooth extraction socket after X-ray irradiation

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Ramadhan Hardani Putra ◽  
Eha Renwi Astuti ◽  
Rini Devijanti Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Growth Factor Beta

Background: Radiographic examination is often used in dentistry to evaluate tooth extraction complications. X-ray used in radiographic examination, however, has negative effects, including damage to DNA and inflammatory response during wound healing process. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the effects of X-ray irradiation on transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-ß1) expression and number of inflammatory cells in tooth extraction sockets. Method: Thirty rats were divided into three groups, which consist of control group (with a radiation of 0 mSv), treatment group 1 (with a radiation of 0.08 mSv), and treatment group 2 (with a radiation of 0.16 mSv). These rats in each group were sacrificed on days 3 and 5 after treatment. Inflammatory cells which were observed in this research were PMN, macrophages, and lymphocytes. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were used to calculate the number of inflammatory cells and TGF-ß1 expression. Obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software with one way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD tests. Result: There was no significant decrease in the number of PMN. On the other hand, there were significant decreases in the number of macrophages and lymphocytes in the sacrificed group on day-5 with the radiation of 0.16 mSv. Similarly, the most significant decreased expression of TGF-ß1 was found in the group sacrificed on day 5 with the radiation of 0.16 mSv. Conclusion: X-ray irradiation with 0.08 mSv and 0.16 mSv doses can decrease TGF-ß1 expression and number of inflammatory cells in tooth extraction sockets on day 3 and 5 post extraction.

scholarly journals The evaluation of mandibular bone density in chronic periodontitis models

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Yuliana Mahdiyah Da’at Arina ◽  
F. Ferdiansyah ◽  
Mohamad Rubianto
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Mandibular Bone ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group Members

Background: Bone density, an important factor in functional bone quality, can affect the success of implant osteointegration or orthodontic treatment. A number of studies report that chonic periodontitis constitutes one risk factor of osteoporosis characterized by low bone mineral density and that the mandible is susceptible to osteoporosis. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate mandibular bone density in animal subjects suffering from chronic periodontitis. Methods: 40 male Wistar rats were divided into four chronic periodontitis groups and four control groups (each group n=5). As chronic periodontitis models, the subjects were injected with 2×109 CFU/ml of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the sulcular gingiva, whereas control group members were injected with normal saline. After 2, 3, 4 and 6-week injection periods, the subjects were sacrificed and radiographic examination of the mandibular bone subsequently performed. Mandibular bone density was evaluated by histometric analysis. Results: The mandibular bone density in members of the chronic periodontitis group was significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). The reduced mandibular bone density in the chronic periodontitis group was in line with the protracted bouts of periodontitis. Conclusion: Reduced mandibular bone density was found in the chronic periodontitis model. The longer the duration of a bout of chronic periodontitis, the greater the reduction in mandibular bone density.

scholarly journals Clinical and Radiographic Characteristics of Endoperiodontitis in Patients with Chronic Generalized Periodontitis

2017 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
L.N. Dedova ◽  
Yu.L. Denisova ◽  
N.I. Rossenik
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Furcation Involvement ◽  
Total Accuracy

The article presents modern data on the priority clinical and radiographic signs of endoperiodontitis in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis. The aim of the research was to determine the complex of clinical and radiographic methods for diagnosing the patients with chronic generalized periodontitis in conjunction with a localized complex endoperiodontitis. Objects and methods. The research included the clinical and radiographic examination of 100 almost healthy patients aged 35-44 years. The study group consisted of 50 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate severity in conjunction with a localized complex endoperiodontitis (100 teeth). The control group was represented by 50 patients without periodontal pathology. The diagnosis endoperiodontitis was made according to the classification of professor L.N. Dedova (2012). Result and discussion. Clinical studies revealed chronic localized endoperiodontitis which led to 13.6 times decrease of pulp vitality and increase in the probing depth of the periodontal pocket by 4.84 ± 1,34 mm. CBCT was characterized by greater than IOR and OPG sensitivity (98%), 96% specificity, with a total accuracy of 97% and 24.5 times higher prognostic significance. Conclusion. The main methods of diagnosing localized complex endoperiodontitis are the electric pulp test and probing the periodontal pockets that has 4.2 times higher prognostic significance compared to gingival index, bleeding on probing, suppuration from periodontal pockets, migration of teeth, positive percussion, tooth mobility, furcation involvement and formation of acute periodontal abscesses. The additional method of diagnosing the localized complex endoperiodontitis is cone-beam computed tomography that has the diagnostic efficacy 96‒98% compared to intraoral radiography (42‒44%) and orthopantomography (52‒66%).

Effect of Cryotherapy & Active Stretching Together and Active Stretching Alone for Improving Hamstring Flexibility in Asymptomatic Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 342-348
Author(s):  
Nishat Tabassum ◽  
Sanghamitra Jena
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Hamstring Flexibility ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Post Assessment ◽  
Group 1

Study Objective: To know about the effects of cryotherapy and active stretching together and active stretching alone for improving hamstring flexibility in asymptomatic individuals. Method: 22 subjects were participated in study of the age 18 to 40. Subjects were randomly and equally assigned to static stretching and cryotherapy (group 1) and only active stretching (group 2). Subjects in each group were given stretching and cryotherapy for three weeks. Pre and post assessment of ROM was measured by the KEA, SLR and Sit and reach test. Results: After three weeks of intervention there was a significant difference between pre intervention and post intervention score in both the group but in group 1 showed significant difference between KEA, SLR and SRT variables. Conclusion: Subject who received active stretching and cryotherapy showed better improvement than the control group who received only active stretching. Hence it can be concluded that active stretching along with cryotherapy can improve hamstring flexibility than the active stretching only. Key words: Cryotherapy, flexibility, ROM, active stretching.

Effect of Preoperative Skin Preparation Methods on Sternotomy Surgical Site Infection Rates: A Quasi-Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Ebru Karazeybek ◽  
Sevilay Şenol Çelik ◽  
Ozan Erbasan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Body Hair ◽  
Skin Preparation ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Patient Demographic ◽  
Quasi Experimental

BACKGROUND: A surgical site infection (SSI) reduces patient quality of life, increases morbidity and mortality rates, and increases health care costs. Results of studies comparing the effects of preoperative skin preparations are contradictory. PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the effect of different preoperative skin preparation methods on the rate of SSIs in patients undergoing sternotomy. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 96 male patients undergoing sternotomy. The control group (CG) (n = 34) received routine care consisting of shaving body hair with a razor blade followed by instructions to take a bath or shower. In the intervention groups, patients received education about SSI prevention and body hair was removed with an electric clipper, followed by bathing with daphne soap containing olive oil (IG-1) (n = 31) or 2% chlorhexidine solution (IG-2) (n = 31). Patient demographic, medical history, surgical, and wound assessment variables were obtained. Potential SSI signs and symptoms were assessed for up to 90 days following surgery. RESULTS: Patient demographic, medical history, and surgical variables did not differ among the 3 groups. Sternal SSI occurred in 10.4% of all study patients; 8.8% of the CG patients, 12.9% of the IG-1 patients, and 9.7% of the IG-2 patients developed an SSI (P > .05). CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in the rate of sternotomy SSI among the 3 groups. Randomized controlled trials with large samples are needed to compare these methods to determine optimal and affordable preoperative skin preparation methods.

Abstract TP175: Migraines and the Risk of Hemorrhagic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar Farooq ◽  
Kathie Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical Histories ◽  
Get With The Guidelines ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sample Set

Background and Objectives: Migraine is a common neurological disorder affecting 38 million people in the United States. Hemorrhagic stroke accounts for 13% of all stroke cases and the risk of having a hemorrhagic stroke is 94 in 100,000 or 0.94%. There are two types of hemorrhagic stroke; intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Previous research has investigated the association between migraine and vascular disease, with several studies demonstrating a possible link between migraines and ischemic stroke. The relationship between migraine and hemorrhagic stroke remains unclear. Methods: A retrospective review from January 2012-December 2014 of hemorrhagic stroke patients (n=3682) from 30 Michigan hospitals using a Get With the Guidelines (GWTG) database was conducted. Stroke subtypes and patient medical histories were examined. This sample set was comprised of 46.95% males and 53.05% females. Results: It was found that the risk for hemorrhagic stroke increased from 0.94% to 2.12% with a medical history of migraines. The risk of ICH with a history of migraine in this study was 1.41%, while the risk of SAH with a history of migraine was 3.11%. The median age for a hemorrhagic stroke in this sample set was 67 years. A patient with a medical history that included migraines, had a median hemorrhagic stroke age of 55 years. Of these patients with a history of migraine who developed a hemorrhagic stroke, 74.7% were female and 25.3% were male. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that a higher risk of hemorrhagic stroke is associated with a history of migraines. The median age for an individual with a hemorrhagic stroke and history of migraine was significantly lower (12 years) than the median age of the sample, which indicates that migraines as a risk factor for stroke might be more significant in middle age. Additionally, this risk seemed to impact females much more than males. A limitation of this study is that GWTG Stroke does not include whether the patient has a migraine with or without aura. Migraine with aura has been associated at a higher rate with ischemic stroke than migraine without aura. It would be beneficial for future studies regarding migraine and hemorrhagic stroke to include whether the migraine was associated with or without aura.

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