Comparative Analysis of Economic, Geographic, Social and Nutritional Risk Factors 4 Types of Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases (Melanoma, Multiple Sclerosis, Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertensive Heart Disease) in the Mediterranean and Caribbean Countries (Population Study)

Background: The present review article considers some chronic diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis, the causes of which may be mitochondrial dysfunction. Very often, in the long course of the disease, complications may occur, leading to myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke and as a result, death.In particular, a large percentage of human deaths nowadays belongs to cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease (CHD), arterial hypertension, cardiomyopathies and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: The aim of the present review was the analysis of literature sources, devoted to an investigation of a link of mitochondrial DNA mutations with chronic diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis, Results: The analysis of literature indicates the association of the mitochondrial genome mutations with coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and various types of cardiomyopathies. Conclusion: The detected mutations can be used to analyze the predisposition to chronic diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis. They can also be used to create molecular-cell models necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of drugs developed for treatment of these pathologies. MtDNA mutations associated withthe absence of diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis could be potential candidates for gene therapy of diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis.

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Estimation and determinants of direct medical costs of ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertensive heart disease: evidence from two major hospitals in Cameroon

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/s12913-021-06146-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Leopold Ndemnge Aminde ◽

Anastase Dzudie ◽

Yacouba N. Mapoure ◽

Jacques Cabral Tantchou ◽

J. Lennert Veerman

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Ischaemic Stroke ◽

Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽

Economic Burden ◽

Hypertensive Heart Disease ◽

Haemorrhagic Stroke ◽

Medical Costs ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Direct Medical Costs

Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the largest contributor to the non-communicable diseases (NCD) burden in Cameroon, but data on its economic burden is lacking. Methods A prevalence-based cost-of-illness study was conducted from a healthcare provider perspective and enrolled patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD), ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke and hypertensive heart disease (HHD) from two major hospitals between 2013 and 2017. Determinants of cost were explored using multivariate generalized linear models. Results Overall, data from 850 patients: IHD (n = 92, 10.8%), ischaemic stroke (n = 317, 37.3%), haemorrhagic stroke (n = 193, 22.7%) and HHD (n = 248, 29.2%) were analysed. The total cost for these CVDs was XAF 676,694,000 (~US$ 1,224,918). The average annual direct medical costs of care per patient were XAF 1,395,200 (US$ 2400) for IHD, XAF 932,700 (US$ 1600) for ischaemic stroke, XAF 815,400 (US$ 1400) for haemorrhagic stroke, and XAF 384,300 (US$ 700) for HHD. In the fully adjusted models, apart from history of CVD event (β = − 0.429; 95% confidence interval − 0.705, − 0.153) that predicted lower costs in patients with IHD, having of diabetes mellitus predicted higher costs in patients with IHD (β = 0.435; 0.098, 0.772), ischaemic stroke (β = 0.188; 0.052, 0.324) and HHD (β = 0.229; 0.080, 0.378). Conclusions This study reveals substantial economic burden due to CVD in Cameroon. Diabetes mellitus was a consistent driver of elevated costs across the CVDs. There is urgent need to invest in cost-effective primary prevention strategies in order to reduce the incidence of CVD and consequent economic burden on a health system already laden with the impact of communicable diseases.

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Lack of association between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-2 gene variants and the occurrence of coronary heart disease in patients with diabetes mellitus

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1460545 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 545-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

M Bluher ◽

T Klemm ◽

T Gerike ◽

H Krankenberg ◽

G Schuler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Haemoglobin A1c ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Reduced Risk

OBJECTIVE: Recent evidence indicates that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is expressed at high levels in foam cells of atherosclerotic lesions, that PPARgamma agonists may directly modulate vessel wall function and that mutations in the PPARgamma-2 gene are associated with a reduced risk of coronary artery disease. METHODS: We investigated whether known variants in the PPARgamma-2 gene are associated with the occurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in 365 patients with type 2 diabetes, prospectively characterised for the presence or absence of CHD. The Pro115Gln, Pro12Ala, Pro467Leu, Val290Met mutations and two polymorphisms C478T and C161T of the PPARgamma-2 gene were examined using PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing. RESULTS: The distribution of the Pro12Ala, Ala12Ala, C161T and T161T variants was not significantly different between patients with and without CHD, independent of the gender. The Pro12Ala (P=0.011) and the Ala12Ala (P=0.006) variant were associated with a higher body mass index (BMI) compared with the Pro12Pro genotype. A multiple logistic regression analysis introducing the typical risk factors for CHD (age, sex, hypertension, smoking, BMI >26 kg/m2, elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol and haemoglobin A1c >7%) identified age >60, male gender, hypertension and a higher BMI, but not the PPARgamma-2 variants, as significant risk factors for CHD in our study groups. CONCLUSION: The PPARgamma-2 genotype was not associated with an increased or reduced risk of the occurrence of CHD and can therefore not be regarded as an independent risk factor for CHD in patients with diabetes mellitus.

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EPIDEMILOGICAL, CLINICAL AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF HEART FAILURE IN MOROCCO

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/13771 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 521-526

Author(s):

A. Maliki Alaoui ◽

◽

Y. Fihri ◽

A. Ben El Mekki ◽

H. Bouzelmat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Ejection Fraction ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽

Cardiology Department ◽

Common Risk Factors ◽

The Mean

Heart failure (HF) is a major public issue taking an epidemic dimension globally. Its incidence is continuing to rise because of a growing and aging population. We held a cross-sectional retrospective studyin the cardiology department of Mohamed V military teaching hospital of Rabat in morocco fromSeptember 2019 toSeptember 2021, including 104 patients admitted with HF. The mean age was 68.5 Â±10.3year. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are the most common risk factors. HF with reduced ejection fraction represents about 49%. Forty-four percent had dilated cardiomyopathy. Ischemic heart disease is the first cause of HF.

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Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Penyakit Jantung Koroner pada Pasien di Unit Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit Panti Rapih Yogyakarta

I Care Jurnal Keperawatan STIKes Panti Rapih ◽

10.46668/jurkes.v1i1.34 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 21-30

Author(s):

Deviana Widayanti ◽

Chatarina Setya Widyastuti

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Family History ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Excess Body Weight ◽

History Of ◽

Lack Of Exercise

Background: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Is a condition when the arteries that supply blood to the heart wall experience hardening and narrowing. It is estimated that 30% of coronary heart disease causes death worldwide. Objective: This study aims to determine the risk factors for CHD in Panti Rapih Hospital. Methods: This descriptive study aims to determine the risk factors for CHD in outpatients at Panti Rapih Hospital. The population is patients who have been diagnosed with coronary heart disease and the sample was taken by 50 respondents with non-random accidental sampling technique. This research take the data use questionnaire and make univariat analysis. Results: Risk factors for CHD are a number of factors that cannot be changed: family history of 42%, age = 40 years 95% in men and 95% age = 65 years in women. Factors that can be changed are: Smoking 78%, history of hypertension 68%, history of diabetes mellitus 28%, dyslipidemic 90%, excess body weight42% and lack of exercise 38%. Conclusion: Risk factors for CHD that cannot be changed: family history of 42%, age = 40 years 95% in men and 95% age = 65 years in women. Factors that can be changed are: Smoking 78%, history of hypertension 68%, history of diabetes mellitus 28%, dyslipidemic 90%, excess body weight 42% and lack of exercise 38%. Keywords: coronary heart disease, risk factors

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Analisis Survival Penyakit Jantung Koroner Berulang

Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan ◽

10.20473/jbk.v6i1.2017.43-51 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Fidya Panorama Damayanti ◽

Arief Wibowo

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Survival Data ◽

Recurrent Event ◽

Observational Research ◽

Research Approach ◽

Hypertension Status ◽

Cox Regression Analysis

Survival analysis is one of data analysis the result showing certain times had happened. Cox regression analysis is one of the most powerful and commonly used for analyzing survival data since the result of this method showing nearly similar result to parametric model. This study aim is to determine case of recurrent Coronary Heart Disease risk factors, and to know how many survival in day of recurrent Coronary Heart Disease based on the risk factors at RS Islam Surabaya in 2015 – 2016. Measurement in research subjects was conducted in the medical record. This research using observational research approach. Subjects were 63 Coronary Heart Disease inpatients in RS Islam Surabaya. Measurement was conducted to obtain information of examined variables. Independent variables were data sensor status, survival time (measured in day), sex, age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. This analysis showing the occurrence time average of recurrent CHDs in Coronary Heart Disease patients in general is 614 days. Rate of reccurence had similar risks for all age groups, gender, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. CHD patients with hypertension status have risk of 9.291 times greater than no hypertension status. This research can be used by RS Islam Surabaya to gave Communication, Information, and Education to the patient and their relatives especially for patient with hypertension status to have continuous check-up in order not to get another recurrent event of CHD in the near future.

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Dietary Patterns and Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Diabetes: A Summary of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11092209 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2209 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Hana Kahleova ◽

Jordi Salas-Salvadó ◽

Dario Rahelić ◽

Cyril WC Kendall ◽

Emilie Rembert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Liquid Meal ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Meta Analyses

The Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group (DNSG) of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) conducted a review of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses to explain the relationship between different dietary patterns and patient-important cardiometabolic outcomes. To update the clinical practice guidelines for nutrition therapy in the prevention and management of diabetes, we summarize the evidence from these evidence syntheses for the Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Portfolio, Nordic, liquid meal replacement, and vegetarian dietary patterns. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the quality of evidence. We summarized the evidence for disease incidence outcomes and risk factor outcomes using risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), respectively. The Mediterranean diet showed a cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence (RR: 0.62; 95%CI, 0.50, 0.78), and non-significant CVD mortality (RR: 0.67; 95%CI, 0.45, 1.00) benefit. The DASH dietary pattern improved cardiometabolic risk factors (P < 0.05) and was associated with the decreased incidence of CVD (RR, 0.80; 95%CI, 0.76, 0.85). Vegetarian dietary patterns were associated with improved cardiometabolic risk factors (P < 0.05) and the reduced incidence (0.72; 95%CI: 0.61, 0.85) and mortality (RR, 0.78; 95%CI, 0.69, 0.88) of coronary heart disease. The Portfolio dietary pattern improved cardiometabolic risk factors and reduced estimated 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk by 13% (−1.34% (95%CI, −2.19 to −0.49)). The Nordic dietary pattern was correlated with decreased CVD (0.93 (95%CI, 0.88, 0.99)) and stroke incidence (0.87 (95%CI, 0.77, 0.97)) and, along with liquid meal replacements, improved cardiometabolic risk factors (P < 0.05). The evidence was assessed as low to moderate certainty for most dietary patterns and outcome pairs. Current evidence suggests that the Mediterranean, DASH, Portfolio, Nordic, liquid meal replacement and vegetarian dietary patterns have cardiometabolic advantages in populations inclusive of diabetes.

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Atrial fibrillation risk factors in patients with ischemic stroke

Archives of Medical Science ◽

10.5114/aoms.2019.84212 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

Paweł Wańkowicz ◽

Przemysław Nowacki ◽

Monika Gołąb-Janowska

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽

Lipid Metabolism Disorders

IntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart arrhythmia. The condition is known to increase the risk of ischemic stroke (IS). Classical risk factors for the development of AF include advanced age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease and lipid metabolism disorders. Importantly, these are also recognized risk factors for ischemic stroke. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate AF risk factors in patients with IS.Material and methodsThis is single-centre retrospective study which included 696 patients with acute ischemic stroke and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and 1678 patients with acute ischemic stroke without atrial fibrillation.ResultsIn this study we found – based on a univariable and multivariable logistic regression model – that compared to the patients with IS without AF, the group of patients which suffered from IS with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) had a higher proportion of patients who smoked cigarettes (OR = 15.742, p < 0.01; OR = 41.1, p < 0.01), had hypertension (OR = 5.161, p < 0.01; OR = 5.666, p < 0.01), history of previous stroke (OR = 3.951, p < 0.01; OR = 4.792, p < 0.01), dyslipidemia (OR = 2.312, p < 0.01; OR = 1.592, p < 0.01), coronary heart disease (OR = 2.306, p < 0.01; OR = 1.988, p < 0.01), a greater proportion of female patients (OR = 1.717, p < 0.01; OR = 2.095, p < 0.01), higher incidence of diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.341, p < 0.01; OR = 1.261, p = 0.106) and more patients in old age (OR = 1.084, p < 0.01; OR = 1.101, p < 0.01).ConclusionsOur study demonstrates a need for thorough and systematic monitoring of post-ischemic stroke patients in whom AF has not been detected and who display other important risk factors. Regardless of the stroke, these factors may be responsible for development of AF.

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Correlation of risk factors for coronary heart disease in type-2 diabetes mellitus using the chi-square method

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/821/1/012042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 821 ◽

pp. 012042

Author(s):

L Syafaah ◽

D Arisnanda ◽

M Irfan ◽

R H Hendaryati

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Chi Square

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Epidemiology of Heart Disease of Uncertain Etiology: A Population Study and Review of the Problem

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55100687 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (10) ◽

pp. 687 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alessandro Menotti ◽

Paolo Emilio Puddu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Population Study ◽

Serum Cholesterol ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Large Population ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Italian Population ◽

Uncertain Etiology

Background and objectives: Previous epidemiological studies have identified a group of heart diseases (here called heart diseases of uncertain etiology—HDUE) whose characteristics were rather different from cases classified as coronary heart disease (CHD), but frequently confused with them. This analysis had the purpose of adding further evidence on this issue based on a large population study. Materials and Methods: Forty-five Italian population samples for a total of 25,272 men and 21,895 women, free from cardiovascular diseases, were examined with measurement of some risk factors. During follow-up, CHD deaths were those manifested as myocardial infarction, other acute ischemic attacks, and sudden death of probable coronary origin, after reasonable exclusion of other causes. Cases of HDUE were those manifested only as heart failure, chronic arrhythmia, and blocks in the absence of typical coronary syndromes. Cox proportional hazards models were computed separately for CHD and HDUE, with 11 risk factors as possible predictors. Results: During an average of 7.4 years (extremes 1–16) there were 223 CHD and 150 HDUE fatal events. Male sex, age, smoking habits, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and plasma glucose were significantly and directly related to CHD events, while high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was so in an inverse way. The same risk factors were predictive of HDUE events except serum cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. Multivariable hazards ratio of serum cholesterol (delta = 1 mmol/L) was higher in the CHD model (1.24, 95% CI 1.11–1.39) than in the HDUE model (1.03, 0.5% C.I. 0.89–1.19) and the difference between the respective coefficients was statistically significant (p = 0.0444). Age at death was not different between the two end-points. Conclusions: CHD and HDUE are probably two different morbid conditions, only the first one is likely bound to gross atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries and linked to blood lipid levels. We reviewed the problem in epidemiological investigations and addressed inflammation as a potential cofactor to differentiate between CHD and HDUE.

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