Benchmarking Time and Cost of Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min He ◽  
Allan Chasey ◽  
Sachin Patel
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Project Delivery ◽  
Delivery Time ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Manufacturing Facility ◽  
Semiconductor Fabrication ◽  
The Cost

The semiconductor industry is a high capital investment industry with the cost of a single completely equipped semiconductor manufacturing facility reaching $2.0 billion. A delay in the operation of the facility can cause the manufacturer a loss of millions of dollars worth of opportunity cost and a share of the market. Thus, semiconductor facility owners want their facilities built quicker, at lower cost, and with higher quality standards. However, the exchangeable knowledge of the project cost and project delivery time associated with the construction of semiconductor facilities nationwide is still in the preliminary stage. One major hindrance to the exchangeable knowledge of the project cost and delivery time is the lack of standard definitions to serve as a base for an industry-wide comparison that will allow owners, designers, engineers, and constructors to make decisions at a very early stage of the projects. The purpose of this research is to overcome the segregation of the existing knowledge in semiconductor facilities construction and to generate benchmarks that can gauge the performance level.

scholarly journals Analysis of Cost of Rework on Time and Cost Performance of Building Construction Projects in Abuja, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Chidiebere Eze ◽  
John Ebhohimen Idiake
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
P Value ◽  
Delivery Time ◽  
Cost Performance ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Final Project ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Rework is a menace that leads to undesired and unnecessary loss of efforts, it degrades project cost and schedule performance of construction projects, both at design and construction phases. This study therefore, analyzed the impact of cost of rework on time and cost performance of building construction projects in Nigerian, using selected commercial building project within the country’s capital. A pro forma was adopted for gathering data on rework cost, project cost and time of selected building projects, while structured questionnaire was used to collect information on the likely measures for reducing rework incidences from construction professionals that were involved in the delivery of the identified projects. Regression analysis, relative importance index and Kruskal-Walis test were employed for data analysis. The study revealed a significant relationship between the cost of rework and initial and final project cost of delivering commercial buildings, as an average of 3.53% impact on the initial project cost, 46.60% contribution to cost overrun, and p-value of 0.000 was observed on all assessed projects. For the project delivery time, a significant relationship between the cost of rework and initial and final project duration, as an average of 7.35% impact on the initial delivery time, extra 19 days and p-value of 0.000 was observed on all assessed projects. Team building and education, management commitment, employee involvement, were some of the best possible measures to minimized rework problems.

scholarly journals Construction Cost Simulation Based on Artificial Intelligence and BIM

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xingliang Du
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Construction Engineering ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
Cost Simulation ◽  
Construction Project Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Engineering Cost

Quickly estimating the main engineering quantity and project cost of the project is conducive to the management staff to have an overall grasp of the project in the early stage and to grasp the development direction of the project in advance. Moreover, it can play an important guiding role in the further construction management of the project and can help managers prevent the emergence of unfavorable factors in the project, make corresponding construction deployments, and avoid risks. This paper combines artificial intelligence technology to construct a construction project cost simulation system. In this system, BIM is mainly used to simulate construction engineering, and the construction engineering cost is simulated and analyzed in combination with the pricing file. Finally, the results of experimental research show that the intelligent model proposed in this paper can play an important role in the cost of construction projects.

Exergoeconomic analysis of renewable multi-generation system

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Vontas Alfenny Nahan ◽  
Audrius Bagdanavicius ◽  
Andrew McMullan
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
Exergoeconomic Analysis ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Cost

In this study a new multi-generation system which generates power (electricity), thermal energy (heating and cooling) and ash for agricultural needs has been developed and analysed. The system consists of a Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (BIGCC) and an absorption chiller system. The system generates about 3.4 MW electricity, 4.9 MW of heat, 88 kW of cooling and 90 kg/h of ash. The multi-generation system has been modelled using Cycle Tempo and EES. Energy, exergy and exergoeconomic analysis of this system had been conducted and exergy costs have been calculated. The exergoeconomic study shows that gasifier, combustor, and Heat Recovery Steam Generator are the main components where the total cost rates are the highest. Exergoeconomic variables such as relative cost difference (r) and exergoeconomic factor (f) have also been calculated. Exergoeconomic factor of evaporator, combustor and condenser are 1.3%, 0.7% and 0.9%, respectively, which is considered very low, indicates that the capital cost rates are much lower than the exergy destruction cost rates. It implies that the improvement of these components could be achieved by increasing the capital investment. The exergy cost of electricity produced in the gas turbine and steam turbine is 0.1050 £/kWh and 0.1627 £/kWh, respectively. The cost of ash is 0.0031 £/kg. In some Asian countries, such as Indonesia, ash could be used as fertilizer for agriculture. Heat exergy cost is 0.0619 £/kWh for gasifier and 0.3972 £/kWh for condenser in the BIGCC system. In the AC system, the exergy cost of the heat in the condenser and absorber is about 0.2956 £/kWh and 0.5636 £/kWh, respectively. The exergy cost of cooling in the AC system is 0.4706 £/kWh. This study shows that exergoeconomic analysis is powerful tool for assessing the costs of products.

Insights into Transdermal Drug Delivery: Approaches for Redressal of a Burgeoning Issue of Osteoporosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1682-1695
Author(s):  
Foziyah Zakir ◽  
Kanchan Kohli ◽  
Farhan J. Ahmad ◽  
Zeenat Iqbal ◽  
Adil Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Systemic Delivery ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
The Cost

Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease that remains unnoticed until a fracture occurs. It is more predominant in the older age population, particularly in females due to reduced estrogen levels and ultimately limited calcium absorption. The cost burden of treating osteoporotic fractures is too high, therefore, primary focus should be treatment at an early stage. Most of the marketed drugs are available as oral delivery dosage forms. The complications, as well as patient non-compliance, limit the use of oral therapy for prolonged drug delivery. Transdermal delivery systems seem to be a promising approach for the delivery of anti-osteoporotic active moieties. One of the confronting barriers is the passage of drugs through the SC layers followed by penetration to deeper dermal layers. The review focuses on how anti-osteoporotic drugs can be molded through different approaches so that they can be exploited for the skin to systemic delivery. Insights into the various challenges in transdermal delivery and how the novel delivery system can be used to overcome these have also been detailed.

scholarly journals Methodology for the Concept Design of Locally Reinforced Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7246
Author(s):  
Julius Moritz Berges ◽  
Georg Jacobs ◽  
Sebastian Stein ◽  
Jonathan Sprehe
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Cost Weight ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastics ◽  
The Cost

Locally load-optimized fiber-based composites, the so-called tailored textiles (TT), offer the potential to reduce weight and cost compared to conventional fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP). However, the design of TT has a higher complexity compared to FRP. Current approaches, focusing on solving this complexity for multiple objectives (cost, weight, stiffness), require great effort and calculation time, which makes them unsuitable for serial applications. Therefore, in this paper, an approach for the efficient creation of simplified TT concept designs is presented. By combining simplified models for structural design and cost estimation, the most promising concepts, regarding the cost, weight, and stiffness of TT parts, can be identified. By performing a parameter study, the cost, weight, and stiffness optima of a sample part compared to a conventional FRP component can be determined. The cost and weight were reduced by 30% for the same stiffness. Applying this approach at an early stage of product development reduces the initial complexity of the subsequent detailed engineering design, e.g., by applying methods from the state of the art.

scholarly journals Grid Parity Analysis of China’s Centralized Photovoltaic Generation under Multiple Uncertainties

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1814
Author(s):  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Qian Du ◽  
Dequn Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Electricity Price ◽  
Grid Parity ◽  
Industry Environment ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Generation Costs ◽  
Time Price ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Installed Capacity

The cost of centralized photovoltaic (CPV) power generation has been decreasing rapidly in China. However, the achievement of grid parity is full of uncertainties due to changes in policies and the industry environment. In order to explore the time, price, and external conditions in which grid parity can be achieved, we create the improved grey GM (1, 1) model to estimate the installed capacity over the next 10 years, and apply a learning curve to predict the cost of CPV generation. In the analysis of grid parity, we compare the benchmark price of coal power and the price under the market-oriented mechanism with CPV. The results show that China’s CPV industry will enter the early stage of maturity from 2020 onwards; with the help of benchmark investment, the grid parity of CPV may be achieved in 2022 at the earliest and 2025 at the latest. After 2025, the photovoltaic electricity price will be generally lower than the coal electricity price under marketization. By 2030, CPV power generation costs will reach US $0.05/kWh, the accumulative installed capacity will exceed 370 GW, and the uncertainties will lead to a cumulative installed gap of nearly 100 GW.

scholarly journals The Influence of R&D Intensity on Financial Performance: The Mediating Role of Human Capital in the Semiconductor Industry in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5128
Author(s):  
Tsung-Chun Chen ◽  
Yenchun Jim Wu
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The Relationship

Knowledge transfer is a strategy used by high-tech companies to acquire new knowledge and skills. Knowledge can be internally generated or externally sourced. The access to external knowledge is a quick fix, but the risks associated with reliance on external sources are often overlooked. However, not acquiring such knowledge is even riskier. There have been a slew of litigations in the semiconductor industry in recent years. The acquisition and assurance of intangible assets is an important issue. This paper posits that internal R&D should take into consideration the knowledge intensity and capital investment in the industry. This study focuses on the relationship between intangible assets and financial performance. It sourced the 2004 to 2016 financial data of semiconductor companies in Taiwan for panel data modeling and examined case studies for empirical validation. This study found that the higher the R&D intensity (RDI) in the value-added component of human capital, the better the financial performance of the company. RDI has a positive influence on the accumulation of human capital and financial performance metrics, and such influence is deferred. Meanwhile, human capital is a mediating factor in the relationship between RDI and financial performance. RDI is integral to the semiconductor industry’s pursuit of business sustainability.

scholarly journals Can Financial Economics Cure Cancer?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Lo
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
Gene Therapies ◽  
Biomedical Innovation ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Human Genome Project

AbstractFunding for early-stage biomedical innovation has become more difficult to secure at the same time that medical breakthroughs seem to be occurring at ever increasing rates. One explanation for this counterintuitive trend is that increasing scientific knowledge can actually lead to greater economic risk for investors in the life sciences. While the Human Genome Project, high-throughput screening, genetic biomarkers, immunotherapies, and gene therapies have made a tremendously positive impact on biomedical research and, consequently, patient lives, they have also increased the cost and complexity of the drug development process, causing many investors to shift their assets to more attractive investment opportunities. This suggests that new business models and financing strategies can be used to reduce the risk and increase the attractiveness of biomedical innovation so as to bring new and better therapies to patients faster.

scholarly journals Reoperation costs in attempted breast-conserving surgery: a decision analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pataky ◽  
C.R. Baliski
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Breast Reconstruction ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Breast Conserving Surgery ◽  
Reoperation Rate ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Care System

Background Breast-conserving surgery (bcs) is the preferred surgical approach for most patients with early-stage breast cancer. Frequently, concerns arise about the pathologic margin status, resulting in an average reoperation rate of 23% in Canada. No consensus has been reached about the ideal reoperation rate, although 10% has been suggested as a target. Upon undergoing reoperation, many patients choose mastectomy and breast reconstruction, which add to the morbidity and cost of patient care. We attempted to identify the cost of reoperation after bcs, and the effect that a reduction in the reoperation rate could have on the B.C. health care system.Methods A decision tree was constructed to estimate the average cost per patient undergoing initial bcs with two reoperation frequency scenarios: 23% and 10%. The model included the direct medical costs from the perspective of the B.C. health care system for the most common surgical treatment options, including breast reconstruction and postoperative radiation therapy.Results Costs ranged from a low of $8,225 per patient with definitive bcs [95% confidence interval (ci): $8,061 to $8,383] to a high of $26,026 for reoperation with mastectomy and delayed reconstruction (95% ci: $23,991 to $28,122). If the reoperation rate could be reduced to 10%, the average saving would be $1,055 per patient undergoing attempted bcs (95% ci: $959 to $1,156). If the lower rate were to be achieved in British Columbia, it would translate into a savings of $1.9 million annually.Summary The implementation of initiatives to reduce reoperation after bcs could result in significant savings to the health care system, while potentially improving the quality of patient care.

Production System Improvement by Integration of FMEA with 5-Whys Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 1203-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siew Hong Ding ◽  
Nur Amalina Muhammad ◽  
Nur Hanisah Zulkurnaini ◽  
Amanina Nadia Khaider ◽  
Shahru Kamaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Production System ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Drilling Machine ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Marketing Environment ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
System Improvement

With the rapid growth of semiconductor industry, manufacturers are always seeking for improvement to produce better product quality with lower cost in order to survive under competitive marketing environment. However, these matters are easily affected by the failures occurred on the machines. Thus, this paper proposes framework using failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) with 5-Whys analysis to discover the root cause of the failure furthermore to identify the effective solutions. Drilling machine has been used to justify the practicability of the proposed framework.

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