Enhancing the Remineralization Potential of Child Formula Dentifrices: An In Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Nadeem Ahmed Bijle ◽  
Lai Pui Tung ◽  
Jasmine Wong ◽  
Manikandan Ekambaram ◽  
Edward CM Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
P Element ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ph Cycling

Objective(s): The incorporation of Arginine (Arg) in NaF-containing child dentifrice might enhance its remineralizing potential, reducing fluorosis risk with significant anti-caries benefit. The study objective was to examine the remineralizing potential of arginine in child formula dentifrice (600-ppm NaF).Study Design: Primary teeth enamel specimens (n = 10) with artificial caries-like lesion were randomly divided to 4 treatment groups: A: 2% Arg-(600-ppm) NaF; B: 600-ppm NaF; C: 1100-ppm NaF; and D: deionized water subjected to 7-day pH-cycling. The mineral density (MD) of the treated specimens was assessed using micro-CT. The pre-/post-treated artificial caries-like lesion were acid-etched for enamel fluoride uptake (EFU) evaluation, Ca and P element analysis using ICP-OES, and the inorganic phosphate (PO43−) determination using colorimetric assay. Results: The percentage remineralization of the 2% Arg-NaF and 1100-ppm NaF groups was significantly higher than the 600-ppm NaF group (p<0.001). However, no significant difference in remineralization was observed between the two groups (p>0.05). The EFU, Ca/P ratio, PO43− content of the 2% Arg-NaF group were significantly higher than the 600-ppm NaF group (p<0.01); while no significant difference was found between the 2% Arg-NaF and 1100-ppm NaF groups. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, incorporation of 2% arginine in 600-ppm NaF child formula dentifrice enhanced the remineralization potential of artificial enamel caries, to a level comparable to 1100-ppm NaF adult formula dentifrice.

scholarly journals Comparative in vitro study of the cytotoxicity of gelatine and alginate to human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Nike Hendrijantini
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and scaffold combination constitute a promising approach currently adopted for tissue engineering. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are easily obtained and non-invasive. Gelatine and alginate constitute a biocompatible natural polymer scaffold. At present, a cytotoxicity comparison of gelatine and alginate to hUC-MSCs is not widely conducted Purpose: This study aimed to compare the cytotoxicity of gelatine and alginate in hUC-MSCs in vitro. Methods: Isolation and culture were performed on hUC-MSCs derived from healthy full-term neonates. Flow Cytometry CD90, CD105 and CD73 phenotype characterization was performed in passage 4. 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay was performed to measure the cytotoxicity. The three sample groups were: (T1) hUC-MSCs with α-MEM (alpha-minimum essential medium) solution as control; (T2) hUC-MSCs with gelatine; (T3) hUC-MSCs with alginate Results: Flow cytometry of hUC-MSCs displayed positive CD90, CD105 and CD73 surface markers. Gelatine and alginate had no effect on the viability of hUC-MSCs and no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) of cytotoxicity between gelatine and alginate to hUC-MSCs. Conclusion: Gelatine and alginate proved to be non-toxic to hUC-MSCs in vitro.

scholarly journals Amelogenin Peptide-Chitosan Hydrogel for Biomimetic Enamel Regrowth

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik Mukherjee ◽  
Amrita Chakraborty ◽  
Garima Sandhu ◽  
Sohaib Naim ◽  
E. Bauza Nowotny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Chitosan Hydrogel ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Demineralized Enamel ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Enamel Erosion ◽  
Viable Approach ◽  
Peptide Hydrogels

We designed synthetic peptides that have demonstrated an effective remineralization potential to restore incipient enamel decay. In order to develop a clinically viable approach we incorporated the amelogenin-derived peptides P26 and P32 into chitosan hydrogel and examined their efficacy in the remineralization of enamel. Peptides in chitosan exhibited increased stability in vitro as compared to peptides in solution at room temperature and at 37°C. Tooth models for enamel erosion (sections) and white spot lesions (blocks) were subject to periods of demineralization. Treatment groups were subjected to remineralization in artificial saliva in the presence of P26 and P32 in solution and in chitosan hydrogel (P26-CS and P32-CS). Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) was employed to analyze mineral density following demineralization and remineralization across all the treatment groups. Scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation were used to characterize the surface structure and mechanical strength of regrown enamel. Control enamel sections treated in artificial saliva demonstrated randomly distributed, tiny, needle-shaped crystals with a low packing density and porosities displaying mineralization defects. In samples treated with P26-CS or P32-CS a denser coating of organized hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals was formed covering the entire surfaces of demineralized enamel window. The hardness and modulus of enamel surfaces were increased after treatment with P26-CS and P32-CS with no significant difference in the mechanical properties between the two peptide hydrogels. Analysis of mineral density by QLF showed that in enamel sections P26 peptide alone or P26-CS significantly enhanced the remineralization. In enamel blocks P26 in solution had a better efficacy than P26-CS.

scholarly journals Effect of acidulated phosphate fluoride – gel and foam – on enamel caries-like lesion of primary teeth: an in vitro study

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Karin Faust Souza ◽  
Carla Miranda ◽  
Izabel Cristina Santos Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Primary Teeth ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Enamel Caries ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ph Cycling

The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of APF, gel and foam, for 1 to 4 minutes, on artificial enamel caries-like lesion of primary teeth submitted to the pH cycling. The specimens with medium values of initial superficial enamel micro-hardness between 272 and 331KHN were selected for the formation of the artificial caries lesion. Later, they were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=15): no pH cycling control, cycled control, gel 1min, gel 4min, foam 1min and foam 4min.The no pH cycling control group was maintained in an humid environment, while the application of APF and the pH cycling were accomplished. After, the specimens were sectioned at the center for the enamel cross-sectional micro-hardness test. The values of micro-hardness of the depths from 20 to 180mm were converted into percentile of mineral volume (%Vol) and the area of mineral recovery (∆ZR) was calculated.  In spite of there is no statistically significant differences, it was observed through the analysis of the ∆ZR a difference in the values for the groups gel 1min and foam 4min (p>0.05). The evaluation of %Vol indicated a significant difference only at 60mm depth (p=0.005). This study concluded that a single application of APF gel or foam, for 1 or 4 minutes, do not remineralize artificial enamel caries-like lesion of primary teeth

scholarly journals Effect of Remineralizing Agents on Tooth Color After Home Bleaching

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Malekipour ◽  
Zahra Norouzi ◽  
Sahar Shahlaei
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Tooth Discoloration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Hoc

Objectives: The purpose was to investigate the effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) paste, Remin Pro paste, and 0.05% sodium fluoride (NaF) mouthwash on teeth discoloration after home bleaching. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, 48 intact and unstained human incisors were divided into four groups (n=12): control (Group 1), CPP-ACPF paste (Group 2), Remin Pro paste (Group 3), and 0.05% NaF mouthwash (Group 4). The specimens were bleached using 20% carbamide peroxide gel for 21 days and were subjected to pH cycling and surface treatment with remineralizing agents for one month. The color of the specimens was determined according to the CIELAB color space at baseline, after bleaching, and after surface treatment. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), post-hoc least significant difference (LSD) test, and one-sample t-test (P=0.05). Results: ANOVA showed a significant difference in the mean ΔE of the four groups after surface treatment (P<0.05). Post-hoc LSD test showed a significant difference between the mean ΔE of the control group and those of the treatment groups (P<0.05) with no significant difference between the treatment groups, except for Remin Pro. The mean ΔE and ΔL of the Remin Pro group showed less change than those of the CPP-ACPF and NaF groups, indicating that Remin Pro has the lowest potential for post-bleaching tooth discoloration. Conclusion: CPP-ACPF paste, Remin Pro paste, and 0.05% NaF mouthwash cause noticeable teeth discoloration immediately after bleaching. Remin Pro has less effect on tooth color than the other two products.

Effect of Three Different Pastes on Remineralization of Initial Enamel Lesion: An in Vitro Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Vyavhare ◽  
DS Sharma ◽  
VK Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Control Surface ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Demineralized Enamel ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ph Cycling

Objective: Dental caries in enamel is unique as enamel is both acellular and avascular. Fluoride is one of the most effective remineralizing agents in caries prevention. The purpose of the study was to assess whether nano-hydroxyapatite and CPP-ACP can be used as an alternative to fluoride for remineralization of early carious lesions. Study design: Initial artificial carious lesions were prepared in enamel with demineralization solution. The treatment materials used as remineralizing agents were Nano-hydroxyapatite (10%), CPP – ACP (10%), NaF (1000 ppm) and Deionized water (negative control). Surface microhardness (SMH) measurements were performed before/after demineralization and after 3, 6, 9 and 12 days of pH cycling and the percentage surface microhardness recovery (%SMHR) was calculated. The specimens were then examined by scanning electron microscope. Results: Percentage surface microhardness recovery of nano-hydroxyapatite and fluoride was significantly greater than CPP – ACP and negative control. There was no significant difference of %SMHR between n-HA and fluoride at different time periods in the pH cycling. SEM analysis revealed n-HA particles were deposited on the demineralized enamel surface which formed a new surface layer. When observed under SEM CPP – ACP failed to show any significant surface remineralization while surface globular crystal depositions with multiple discrete porosities were evident with fluoride. Conclusion: It was concluded that nano-hydroxyapatite and fluoride had the potential to remineralize initial enamel lesions. CPP – ACP can be used as an effective adjunct to fluoride therapy but cannot be used as an alternative to fluoride.

Comparative Study to Evaluate the Surface Detail Reproduction of Dental Stone after Immersion in Various Different Disinfectant Solutions, Under Stereomicroscope 10 X Magnification –An In-Vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rathika Rai ◽  
M. A. Easwaran ◽  
K. T. Dhivya
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Surface Irregularities ◽  
Disinfectant Solution ◽  
Surface Detail ◽  
Group B

Aim: To evaluate the surface detail reproduction of dental stone this is immersed in different disinfectant solution and studied under stereomicroscope. Methodology: Total number of 30 specimens of dental stone (Type III) were made with measurements of 1.5cm diameter and 1cm height .This samples are divided in to 3 groups group A,B,C. were A is immersed in Distilled water which was taken as control group ;B is immersed in 2% Glutaraldehyde and C is immersed in 5%sodium hypochlorite. Each specimen were immersed in the disinfectant solution for 15 minutes and dried under room temperature for 24 hrs. After 24 hrs each specimens are studied under stereomicroscope for surface details. Result: The results showed no significant difference in the surface irregularities and porosities for a group 1 and group 2 except group 3 which showed significant increase in the porosities, surface irregularities and erosions after disinfection with 5% NaHOCl by immersion method. Conclusion: The surface detail reproduction capacity of die stone was adversely affected when 5% Sodium hypochlorite was used as disinfectant solution when compare d to control group and 2% Glutaraldehyde

scholarly journals Marginal and Internal Fit of Ceramic Prostheses Fabricated from Different Chairside CAD/CAM Systems: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 857
Author(s):  
Keunbada Son ◽  
Kyu-Bok Lee
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Marginal Gap ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Ceramic Crowns ◽  
Internal Fit ◽  
Cam Systems

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate marginal and internal fits of ceramic crowns fabricated with chairside computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems. An experimental model based on ISO 12836:2015 was digitally scanned with different intraoral scanners (Omnicam (CEREC), EZIS PO (DDS), and CS3500 (Carestream)). Ceramic crowns were fabricated using the CAD/CAM process recommended by each system (CEREC, EZIS, and Carestream systems; N = 15). The 3-dimensional (3D) marginal and internal fit of each ceramic crown was measured using a 3D inspection software (Geomagic control X). Differences among the systems and various measurements were evaluated using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Statistically significant differences were validated using pairwise comparisons (α = 0.05). Occlusal gaps in the CEREC, EZIS, and Carestream groups were 113.0, 161.3, and 438.2 µm, respectively (p < 0.001). The axial gaps were 83.4, 78.0, and 107.9 µm, respectively. The marginal gaps were 77.8, 99.3, and 60.6 µm, respectively, and the whole gaps were 85.9, 107.3, and 214.0 µm, respectively. Significant differences were observed with the EZIS system compared with the other two systems in terms of the marginal gap sizes. The CEREC system showed no significant differences among the four measured regions. However, the EZIS and Carestream systems did show a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). All three systems were judged to be capable of fabricating clinically acceptable prostheses, because the marginal gap, which is the most important factor in the marginal fit of prostheses, was recorded to be below 100 µm in all three systems.

scholarly journals In vitro study of human osteoblast proliferation and morphology on orthodontic mini-implants

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 920-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Carvalho Bueno ◽  
Roberta Tarkany Basting
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Osteoblast Proliferation ◽  
Mini Implants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Implant Anchorage ◽  
Positive Effect

ABSTRACT Objective:  To evaluate the proliferation and morphology of human osteoblasts cultured on two brands of mini-implants after 24, 48, and 72 hours, in addition to the chemical composition found on their surface. Materials and Methods:  Two brands of mini-implant (Morelli and Neodent) were evaluated; polystyrene was used as a control group (n  =  3). Osteoblasts were cultured on the surface of sterilized mini-implants in a CO2 incubator at different time periods (24, 48, and 72 hours). Osteoblast proliferation was quantified by scanning electron microscopy using up to 5000× magnification, and cell morphology was analyzed by a single observer. For the chemical analysis, spectroscopy X-ray fluorescence was used to identify and quantify chemical components on the surface of the mini-implants. Results:  Two-way ANOVA showed no significant interaction between the factors studied (P  =  0.686). A Tukey test revealed no significant difference in osteoblast proliferation between the mini-implants at all studied periods; however, a difference in cell proliferation was detected between the Neodent and the control group (P  =  .025). For all groups, time had a direct and positive effect on osteoblast proliferation (P &lt; .001). The significant elements present in both brands of mini-implants were titanium, aluminum, vanadium, and iron. Conclusions:  Osteoblast proliferation was present on the mini-implants studied, which increased over time; however, no significant difference between brands was observed. No difference was seen between the mini-implants evaluated in terms of chemical composition. Cell adhesion after 72 hours suggests that areas of bone remodeling can be achieved, thus initiating the process of mini-implant anchorage.

Hydroxyl Safflower Yellow Pigment A (HSYA) Improves Vascular Endothelial Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1792-1798
Author(s):  
Li Yan ◽  
Ge Jingping ◽  
Yin Yuanyuan ◽  
Li Xiaomei ◽  
Zhao Boxiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Yellow Pigment ◽  
Endothelial Injury ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dose Dependent

Aim: This research was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of HSYA in vascular endothelial injury by vitro study. Methods: Dividing HUVECs as Normal Control (NC), Model (LPS treated) group, HSYA-L, HSYA-M and HSYA-H groups. Cells in the HSYA treatment groups were treated with LPS, followed by 40 mg/ml, 80 mg/ml, and 120 mg/ml HSYA intervention (HSYA-L, HSYA-M, and HSYA -H groups), respectively. Measuring the cell proliferation, apoptosis, relative proteins and mRNA (TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB(p65)) expressions by MTT, Flow cytometry, WB and RT-qPCR assay. Using cellular immunofluorescence to evaluate NF-κB(p65) nuclear volume of difference groups. Results: With HSYA supplement, the cell proliferation rates were significantly up-regulation with cell apoptosis significantly down-regulation with TLR4 relatived mRNA and proteins and NF-κB(p65) nuclear significantly depressed with dose-dependent (P <0.05, respectively). Conclusion: HSYA improved vascular endothelial injury induced by LPS via TLR4 pathway In Vitro.

A novel intracranial exchange guidewire improves the navigation of various endovascular devices: An in vitro study of challenging situations

2021 ◽  
pp. 159101992110573
Author(s):  
Naoki Kaneko ◽  
Ariel Takayanagi ◽  
Hamidreza Saber ◽  
Lea Guo ◽  
Satoshi Tateshima
Keyword(s):  
Giant Aneurysm ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Target Vessel ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Intracranial Stenting ◽  
Aneurysm Neck ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aneurysm Model ◽  
Endovascular Devices

Objective Neuroendovascular procedures rely on successful navigation and stable access to the target vessel. The Stabilizer is a 300 cm long exchange wire with a 0.014 diameter and a soft, flexible stent at the distal end designed to assist with navigation and device delivery. This study aims to assess the efficacy of the Stabilizer for navigation in a variety of challenging environments. Methods The efficacy of the Stabilizer was evaluated using three challenging vascular models: a giant aneurysm model, a severe tortuosity model, and an M1 stenosis model. The Stabilizer was compared with a conventional wire during navigation in each model. Results In the giant aneurysm model, there was no significant difference of success during straightening of a looped wire and significantly higher success rates when advancing an intermediate catheter with the Stabilizer beyond the aneurysm neck compared to a conventional guidewire. The Stabilizer also significantly increased success rates when advancing an intermediate catheter through a model with severe tortuosity compared to a conventional guidewire, as well as exchange maneuver for intracranial stenting in a stenosis model compared to an exchange wire. Conclusions In our experimental model, the Stabilizer significantly improved navigation and device delivery in a variety of challenging settings compared to conventional wires.

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