scholarly journals The role of the anatomy museum in university education

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-307
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Shilkova ◽  
Natalya V. Efimova ◽  
Tatyana L. Sokolova

Museums of anatomy occupy an important place among museums, being a source of empirical knowledge in the field of biological science. However, most museums of anatomy are organized on the basis of medical and pharmaceutical universities as an additional educational space for students to get the most complete picture of the human body structure and the changes that occur in tissues and organs when exposed to various negative environmental factors. Museums of anatomy created on the basis of pedagogical universities are capable of performing educational and research functions for a wide range of students. The paper describes the experience of using the funds of the Museum Human Anatomy in the educational process of students and schoolchildren at General Biology and Physiology Department of South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University. The authors consider some activity areas of the museum related to the implementation of educational and research activities. The paper presents methodical recommendations aimed at improving schoolchildrens training for the practical part of the regional stage of the All-Russian Olympiad in Biology (grades 910), including an algorithm for performing practical tasks to determine and describe the humanorgans (bones of the skeleton), examples of Olympiad tasks with a matrix of answers.

Author(s):  
Василий Алексеевич Рудаев

Проблема борьбы с преступностью в современной России является одним из приоритетных направлений государственной политики страны, условием обеспечения ее национальной безопасности. Пенитенциарная преступность выступает составной частью общей преступности и по многим показателям зависит от нее. Общеизвестно, что в местах лишения свободы совершаются преступления. Данные факты свидетельствуют о серьезных недостатках в деятельности уголовно-исполнительной системы, особенно это показательно, если преступления совершаются в колониях-поселениях, контингент которых представлен осужденными за преступления по неосторожности или положительно характеризующимися осужденными, переведенными из исправительных учреждений других видов. В профилактике преступлений важное место занимает организация применения основных средств исправления осужденных, одним из которых является воспитательная работа. В ходе анализа нормативной базы, регламентирующей проведение воспитательной работы, мы пришли к выводу, что многие особенности деятельности колоний-поселений не нашли отражения на законодательном уровне. Считаем, что правовая природа колоний-поселений наделяет администрацию учреждения широким спектром возможностей при организации воспитательного воздействия. С учетом наблюдений практических работников, полученных в процессе интервьюирования, мы предложили ряд изменений в нормативные акты, которые регулируют воспитательную работу. Их внесение в законодательство, по нашему мнению, будет способствовать совершенствованию организации воспитательной работы с осужденными, что в свою очередь позволит снизить уровень преступности в колониях-поселениях. The problem of combating crime in modern Russia is one of the priority areas of the country's state policy, a condition for ensuring its national security. Penitentiary crime is an integral part of overall crime and depends on it for many indicators. It is common knowledge that in places of deprivation of liberty crimes are committed. These facts reveal serious shortcomings in the functioning of the penal system, especially when crimes are committed in penal settlements, where the population is represented by those convicted of crimes by negligence or those transferred there from correctional institutions with different regime due to their conscious conduct. In crime prevention the organization of the use of basic means of prisoners’ correction, one of which is educational work, takes an important place. In the process of the analysis of the regulatory framework governing educational work, we came to the conclusion that many features of the activities of penal settlements were not reflected at the legislative level. We believe that the legal nature of penal settlement gives the administration of the institution a wide range of opportunities in organizing educational impact. Taking into account the observations of practitioners obtained during the interview process, we proposed a number of changes to the normative base that regulate educational work. Their introduction into legislation, in our opinion, will contribute the improvement of the organization of educational work with prisonerss, which in turn will reduce the level of crime in penal settlements.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Eva Cendon ◽  
John Butcher

This general edition of the journal provides insights and results of research employing a wide range of approaches and perspectives on widening participation and lifelong learning. Studies from across the UK and international sector utilise different methodological approaches, and as such are particularly interesting, with diverse methods and ways of analysis, including phenomenographic, narrative, and thematic analysis. Overall, the articles range from exploratory case studies and small-scale research to wider range and broad scale studies, highlighting different facets and perspectives. Furthermore, the articles in this volume cover a broad spectrum of institutions and places involved in widening participation, with an emphasis on the (higher) education sector in the UK balanced by international perspectives. The first seven empirical articles are based on research activities in a secondary school, a youth centre, in further education colleges (usually focusing on post-compulsory secondary or pre-university education), in so-called post-92 universities (new(er) universities, formerly Polytechnics and teacher training colleges), and last but not least in a research intensive Russell Group university. They reported challenges from the specific local contexts of different regions in England, from the South (Chichester) to London to the North (Carlisle), and can usefully be framed in the context of international discussions appearing later in the journal.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (194) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Olha Lilik ◽  

The author of article analyzes the peculiarities of the professional training of future teachers of Ukrainian language and literature on the base of interdisciplinary integration. Lilik O. O. explores the problem of the definition of integration in scientific literature, she describes different levels and ways of interdisciplinary integration in vocation training. The author of the article considers interdisciplinary integration within the framework of professional training of future teachers of Ukrainian language and literature at three levels, namely: as integration of content (level of separate disciplines (historical-literary and theoretical-literary, as well as pedagogical and methodical) and educational material); as an integration of methods of activity (ability and skills to operate with material during training, as well as further professional activity); as an integration of values ​​and worldviews (the level of personal and professional worldview of students), the result of which are formed general and professional competencies. The first way is interdisciplinary integration within the classroom (lectures, practical, and laboratory). The second way is integration within the independent work of students. The third way for interdisciplinary integration is the research activities of students, including the writing of term papers and qualifications, which can be performed at the intersection of several scientific and educational disciplines. The fourth way of implementing interdisciplinary integration is the students’ participation in additional forms of organization of the educational process - special seminars, trainings, workshops, master classes, round tables, which can be held within grant activities or be a form of self-education of future vocabulary teachers. The fifth way is educational work at the faculty or the university in general, which involves the organization of various activities. On the basis of the conducted researches Lilik O. О. comes to the conclusion that interdisciplinary integration can be a catalyst for the educational process in higher education, provide comprehensive and thorough training of future teachers of Ukrainian language and literature for professional activities, as it covers a wide range of issues: from theoretical knowledge and practical skills to their personal and professional worldview.


Author(s):  
Robert Bogue

Purpose This paper aims to illustrate the growing role robots are playing in recycling and product disassembly and provide an insight into recent research activities. Design/methodology/approach Following a short introduction, this first considers robotic waste sorting systems and then describes two systems for the disassembly of electronic products. It then provides details of some recent research activities. Finally, brief conclusions are drawn. Findings Robotic systems exploiting artificial intelligence combined with various sensing and machine vision technologies are playing a growing role in the sorting of municipal and industrial waste, prior to recycling. These are mostly based on delta robots and can achieve pick rates of 60-70 items/min and be configured to recognise and select a wide range of different materials and items from moving conveyors. Electronic waste recycling is yet to benefit significantly from robotics although a limited number of systems have been developed for product disassembly. Disassembly techniques are the topic of a concerted research effort which often involves robots and humans collaborating and sharing disassembly tasks. Originality/value This provides an insight into the present-day uses and potential future role of robots in recycling which has traditionally been a highly labour-intensive industry.


2021 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Виктория Викторовна Куликова ◽  
Елена Анатольевна Ковалёва

Освещена конкурсно-олимпиадная деятельность как один из инструментов образовательного процесса. Дан анализ участия студентов филиала Дальневосточного федерального университета в г. Находке в конкурсах и олимпиадах за период 2019 г. Представлены формы участия в такой деятельности, показана важность проведения данных мероприятий. Использование конкурсно-олимпиадной деятельности дает возможность педагогу раскрыть творческий потенциал и интеллектуальную активность обучающегося. В целом такая деятельность повышает интерес к учебе, мотивирует к участию в научно-исследовательской деятельности, при этом формируются умения применять методы творческой деятельности в дальнейшей учебе, развивается способность к самостоятельному поиску и решению практических задач, к рациональной деятельности. Участвуя в мероприятиях такого рода (особенно когда затрагиваются различные области знаний), можно повысить успеваемость обучающегося. Также повышается коммуникативная составляющая между обучающимися и преподавателем, который одновременно может быть преподавателем-предметником и руководителем конкурса или олимпиады. Отмечено, что в последнее время в филиале увеличивается число как конкурсов и олимпиад, так и самих участников. После участия в таких мероприятиях обучающиеся начинают осознавать, что им необходимо постоянно стремиться к саморазвитию и повышению уровня своего мастерства. Выделены трудности, с которыми сталкиваются студенты при подготовке к конкурсно-олимпиадной деятельности, и показана роль руководителя (куратора, тьютора и пр.) в решении данных трудностей. При анализе конкурсно-олимпиадной деятельности выявлено, что олимпиады имеют дисциплинарный характер, а конкурсы – творческий и исследовательский характер; некоторые имеют прямое отношение к выбранной специальности. This article highlights the competitive olympiad activity as one of the tools of the educational process. The authors analyzed the participation of students of the FEFU branch in Nakhodka in competitions and olympiads for the period of 2019. Forms of participation in such competitive olympiad activities are presented. The importance of such events is shown. The use of competitive olympiad activity enables the teacher to unleash the creative potential and intellectual activity of the student. It is shown that, on the whole, such activity will increase interest in learning, motivates to participate in research activities, the ability to apply methods of creative activity in further studies is being formed, the ability to independently search and solve practical problems, to rational activity is developing. By participating in various events of this kind (especially when different areas of knowledge are affected), you can increase student performance. We also note that during such events, the communicative component between the students and the teacher increases, which at the same time can be a subject teacher and the head of a competition or olympiad. It has been noted that recently, such activities in the branch are gaining momentum, and the number of competitions and contests and the participants themselves is increasing annually. After participating, in such external events, students begin to realize that they need to constantly strive for selfdevelopment and increase their skill level. The authors highlighted the difficulties that students encounter in preparing for competitive olympiad activities and shows the role of the leader (curator, tutor, etc.) in solving these difficulties. When analyzing the competitionolympiad activity, it was revealed that the olympiads are disciplinary in nature, and the competitions are creative and research in nature, some are directly related to the chosen specialty.


2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Belyaev ◽  
Olga A. Volkova ◽  
Evgenia P. Shebolkina

The article provides an overview of foreign and national research on the possibilities of using cognitive management in the educational environment of higher education institution. The authors emphasize the potential of cognitive management principles application in the educational organization, the direct correlation between cognitive management tasks and the general purposes of educational process. The possible approaches to knowledge management in educational organization are described. The authors dwell on the general methodological, economic and functional aspects of cognitive management at the university, argue that the value-communicative essence of university education enables to manage the knowledge base of the university. On the example of Ukhta State Technical University the article considers the possibilities of students’ project activity and project self-government. Firstly, it ensures the increment and intensification of the value-communicative flow of knowledge within the University and in its interaction with the external environment. Secondly, it fosters students to master the role of a cognitive manager. Thirdly, it encourages students to develop their meta-abilities which can be viewed as a form of cognitive management outcomes in higher educational institution.


Author(s):  
Alla Durdas

The article deals with the complex and multistage system of higher education of the French Republic. The structural features of higher education in France, its complex and multi-stage system has been considered. Attention is drawn to the role of the state in the field of higher education in France. The importance of the development of education for the national development of the country and civilization as a whole has been stressed. A strong centralized presence and role of the state in the field of education in France has been noted, in particular in the organization of the educational process and in financing the education sector, as well as in determining the fundamental principles of the educational process, the details of the curriculum at all levels of education, the organization of the procedure for receiving teachers, determining the content, recruitment teachers who become public officers, ensuring their continuing education; recruiting and training inspectors responsible for quality control of the education system; funding public education and subsidizing “private schools under contract”. The article focuses on the constant attention of the state to the problems of education. It highlights the openness of the French system of higher education and its accessibility for most of the population. The features of France’s higher education management system and the specifics of its legislative framework have been disclosed. Four Legislative Acts of the Ministry of Education are characterized, played an important role in its functioning. A more democratic and collegial management of universities for today has been noted. The relevance of the study of the structure and legislative framework of university education in France has been grounded. The types of higher education institutions in France and their features in the context of development trends have been investigated. The current stage of development of the system of French university education and the features of structural transformations have been considered. The features of the functioning of universities, “grand schools” and private higher education institutions have been disclosed. The article draws attention to the achievement of the French system of higher education and its uniqueness. The role and place of large schools in the system of higher education in France have been highlighted. Leading elite schools and universities have been mentioned, as well as the conditions for entering them. Attention was paid to the almost equal quality of education in the capital and in the province.


2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Vladimir V Borisov

The clinical lecture is devoted to the systematization of the knowledge of a wide range of physicians and urologists about the importance of the problem of uncomplicated urinary tract infections, their prevalence in our country and the world, the causes and frequency of occurrence in children and adults, diagnostic features based on clinical manifestations of the disease, laboratory data taking into account the formation of biofilms, the presence of sexually transmitted diseases. A special place is given to the problem of recurrences of cystitis due to the anatomical features of the female urethra, the need and the possibilities for their correction. An important place in the lecture is devoted to the role of general practitioners, district therapists, nephrologists, urologists, gynecologists in outpatient examination and treatment of these patients. (For citation: Borisov VV. Diagnosis and theraphy of urinary infections. What should always remember (clinical lecture). Part 1. Urologicheskie vedomosti. 2017;7(3):52-59. doi: 10.17816/uroved7352-59).


Author(s):  
Olha Kravchenko

The most important characteristic feature of the current stage of development of higher education in Ukraine is integration processes that reflect, on the one hand, substantive and structural changes within the education system, and on the other hand, the processes of interaction between education and the production sphere. The priorities of state policy and the concept of innovative development in the field of education indicate the necessity to form a wide range of mechanisms for cooperation between business and educational institutions. In the educational standard of higher education in specialty it is noted that the future specialist must be ready for the following activities: production and technological activities, project activities, research activities, organizational and management activities. Specific types of professional activity, for which a specialist is mainly prepared, are determined by higher educational institutions in cooperation with students, teachers, and employers' associations. With such an essential range of requirements for future specialists, there is a need for qualitative changes in the content and organization of training. In modern social and economic conditions, the activities of higher education institutions that train specialists for the food industry are associated with solving a number of problems: the imperfection of the mechanisms of social partnership between educational institutions and employers; insufficient practical orientation in the training of qualified personnel for a particular enterprise; inconsistency of the educational and resource base of educational institutions. As a result of the search for effective forms of organizing of the educational process for solving the tasks set before education, the introduction of elements of dual education in the educational process seems to be expedient, promising, and of current interest


Author(s):  
Я. О. Опанасенко

Radical transformations of the modern educational space, which arose as a result of the active introduction of innovative information technologies in the educational process, have radically changed the nature of the relationship between teacher and student. educational tools, Internet technologies have increased the importance of the distance component of blended learning. A wide range of multimedia tools (virtual classrooms and laboratories, interactive whiteboards and augmented reality tools) and their high efficiency call into question the relevance of the classic role of the teacher in the learning process.


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