scholarly journals Caracterização dos Compostos Químicos dos Óleos Extraídos da Casca, Arilo e Semente dos Frutos de Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne (Jatobá-do-Cerrado)

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos Pereira de Menezes Filho ◽  
Karla Da Silva Malaquias ◽  
Carlos Frederico de Souza Castro
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Chemical Constitution ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Antioxidant Agent ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Ir Analysis

O domínio Cerrado apresenta uma flora magnífica, composta por espécies frutíferas de grande porte, como o jatobá-do-cerrado (Hymenaea stigonocarpa), que produz anualmente volumosas quantidades de frutos, que servem de alimento para a fauna e moradores locais. O trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar, por técnicas cromatográficas por CG-MS e espectrométricas na região do infravermelho, os óleos extraídos da casca, arilo e sementes desta leguminosa. Avaliando também o rendimento de óleo extraído pelo sistema de soxlhet. Foram obtidos rendimentos lipídicos de 3,94, 1,83 e 3,47% respectivamente para casca, arilo e semente. Os compostos químicos avaliados por cromatografia gasosa (CG-MS) apresentaram compostos como: 4,6-di (1,1 - dimetiletil)-2-metil fenol, um agente antioxidante natural encontrado em vegetais,  que neste estudo foi encontrado nos óleos da casca e arilo com teores de 18,90 e 11,90% respectivamente. Teores importantes de ácido isoesteárico de 45,80% no óleo do arilo, e para o óleo da semente, porcentagens expressivas de palmitato de metila 52,90; ácidos heneicosanóico de 38,40% e de pentacosanóico igual a 46,20%. A análise de FT-IR apresentou grupamentos funcionais característicos de ácidos graxos como observados normalmente em outros óleos vegetais. O trabalho fornece dados importantes sobre as características químicas dos óleos extraídos do fruto de H. stigonocarpa, aumentando assim o conhecimento sobre esta espécie da família Leguminosae, que está presente no domínio Cerrado, bem como compor conhecimento científico no uso racional destes óleos nas indústrias alimentícia e farmacêutica. Palavras-chave: Espectroscopia no Infravermelho. Cromatografia Gasosa. Constituição Química Abstract Cerrado domain presents a magnificent flora, composed of large fruit species, such as  jatobá-do-cerrado (Hymenaea stigonocarpa), which annually produces large quantities of fruits that serve as food for the fauna and local inhabitants. The objective of this work is to evaluate the oils extracted from the bark, aril and seeds of this legume by GC-MS and spectrometric techniques in the infrared region. Also, to evaluate  the oil yield extracted by the soxlhet system. Lipid yields of 3.94, 1.83 and 3.47% respectively were obtained for bark, aril and seed. The chemical compounds evaluated by gas chromatography (GC-MS) presented compounds as 4,6-di (1,1-dimethylethyl) -2-methyl phenol, a natural antioxidant agent found in vegetables, where in this study it was found in bark oils and aryl with contents of 18.90 and 11.90% respectively. Important isostearic acid contents of 45.80% in aryl oil, and for seed oil, significant percentages of methyl palmitate 52.90; heneicosanoic acids of 38.40% and pentacosanoic acids equals to 46.20%. The FT-IR analysis showed functional groupings characteristic of fatty acids as normally observed in other vegetable oils. This work provides important information on the chemical characteristics of the oils extracted from the H. stigonocarpa fruit, thus increasing the knowledge about this species of the Leguminosae family that is present in the Cerrado domain, as well as to compose scientific knowledge on the rational use of these oils in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Keywords: Infrared Spectroscopy. Gas Chromatography. Chemical Constitution.

Observations of the Energy Spectrum in the Mid-Infrared Region at Ambient Temperatures

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 674-677
Author(s):  
L. V. Azarraga ◽  
J. M. Brackett ◽  
M. A. Castles ◽  
L. B. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Copper Phthalocyanine ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Compound Identification ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Vibrational Bands ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Energy Signal

A technique for the obtaining of the energy signal and, thus, the IR spectra is described The technique is simple and sensitive and allows the observation of high frequency vibrational bands The technique utilizes a silver bromide disc as a sample holder set in a diffuse reflectance attachment Spectra of o-nitroaniline 1-tetra-decanol, and copper phthalocyanine green are presented Possible applications of the technique include compound identification and FT-IR analysis of HPLC effluent

scholarly journals EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE VARIATION ON THE PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL USING NEEM OIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 442-450
Author(s):  
Mujidatu Ahmed Lira ◽  
Musa Idris Atadash
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Neem Seed Oil ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Astm D6751

Biodiesel was produced from neem seed oil via a two-step process of esterification and transesterififcation reactions. The transesterification was carried out using CH3ONa as catalyst with ethanol as the alcohol. The reaction temperature was varied between 30, 40, 50, 60, and 700C, while all other process parameters were kept constant. From the results obtained, a significant change in biodiesel yield (73-79%) from 30-50oC temperatures was observed. At a temperature of 60oC, a good yield of 94% was obtained which was observed at a temperature below the boiling point of the alcohol used. At 70oC biodiesel yield of 67% was obtained; this indicates a drop in biodiesel yield. Further flash point of 149.60C indicated that the biodiesel produced is within the specification of ASTM D6751. Also, the high value of flash point indicated that the fuel is safe for handling as it exceeds the minimun ASTM requirement (130min). It is worthy to mention that other properties such as viscosity, pour point and cloud point etc investigated also presented good values which were within ASTM D6751. The formation of biodiesel was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. The conversion of the ester functional group into methyl esters in biodiesel verified the success of the reaction.

scholarly journals GC-MS and FT-IR Profiling of leaves methanol extract from the Pleiospermium alatum (Wall. ex Wt. & Arn) Swingle Rutaceae family

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
K. Saravanakumar ◽  
◽  
Adaikala Raj ◽  
D. Umaiyambigai ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Protein Enzyme

The present study was aimed to analysis of bioactive constituents of leaves from the Pleiospermium alatum (Rutaceae). The methanol extract of the leaves were subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas chromatography- mass spectroscopic (GC-MS) analysis. GC-MS analysis of plant extract was performed using a Perkin-Elmer GC Clarus 500 system and Interpretation on mass spectrum GC-MS was conducted using the database of National Institute Standard and Technology (NIST) and IR spectrum was recorded in spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific NICOLET-iS5). FT-IR analysis of peak values with various functional compounds such as amizone, alcohol, phenol, alkanes, protein, enzyme, alkanes, isopropyl. GC-MS analysis of compounds with totally, thirty compounds major chemical compounds were identified, such as 5- Thio-D-glucose, 5-Allylsulfanyl-1-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-1H-tetrazole, E)-10-Heptadecen-8-ynoicacid methyl ester and Z-11-Hexadecenoic acid. The present results concluded that the phytochemicals was observed in methanol extract which revealed that the P. alatum is potential use in different fields namely medical and pharmaceuticals and highly valuable in medicinal usage for the treatment of various human aliments.

scholarly journals Characterization of Neocarya Macrophylla Seed Oil using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) Techniques

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Aliyu Ahmad Warra ◽  
Lawal Gusau Hassan ◽  
Leye Jonathan Babatola ◽  
Adedara Adejoju Omodolapo ◽  
Richard Undigweundeye Ukpanukpong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ft Ir

Aim: Modern researches described incorporating gingerbread plum (Neocarya macrophylla) kernel oils into food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products by exploiting its physicochemical properties. Study Design: Experimental and instrumental study was done to determine the general and the saturated fatty acids present in the seed oil and its suitability for industrial applications. This study examined the fatty acids by qualitative determination from hexane extracts of Neocarya macrophylla seed using GC-MS. Materials and Methods: Indigenous Neocarya macrophylla   seeds obtained from Gingerbread plum tree were collected in the Month of August from Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria. soxhlet extraction method was used for the oil extraction. The GC-MS analysis was by coupling system of Shimadzu QP2010 series gas chromatography with Shimadzu QP2010 plus mass spectroscopy detector (GCMS).  For the FT-IR analysis, software of OMNIC operating system (Version 7.0 Thermo Nicolet) was connected to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer Nicolet 8400S equipped with a detector of deuterated triglycine sulphate (DTGS). Conclusion: These results showed the potential of this oil in cosmetic industry.

Physical Characteristics and Organoleptic Test of Essential Oil Extracted from Sedap malam Flower (Polianthes tuberosa) Using N-Hexane Solvent

2021 ◽  
Vol 882 ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Suharno Rusdi ◽  
Farida Imtiyaz ◽  
Nopia Denvil Wulandari ◽  
Achmad Chafidz
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis

In this work, an essential oil was extracted from from Sedap Malam (Tuberose) flower using n-hexane as the solvent. The extraction process was performed using simple soxhlet extraction method with the ratio between Sedap Malam flower and n-hexane solvent was 1:5. The physical properties, such as density and rendement values of the extracted essential oil were analyzed. The analysis results exhibited that the essential oil has average rendement value of 9.91 % and density value of 0.9275 g/mL. Additionally, organoleptic testing was also carried out to test the response of respondents toward the color and odor/fragrance of the extracted essential oil. The results showed that the responses of the respondents about the color and fragrance of the extracted essential oil were quite satisfactory. The highest responses for both color and the fragrance were belong to “Really Like” category. The extracted essential oil was also characterized using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) apparatus and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) analysis.

scholarly journals Secondary Metabolites of the Cuticular Abdominal Glands of Variegated Grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. U. Igwe ◽  
D. E. Udofia
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Zonocerus Variegatus ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Tridecanoic Acid ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis

Chemical compounds were extracted with petroleum ether from the cuticular abdominal glands of grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus L.) and eleven compounds were characterised using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) technique in combination with Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The compounds analysed were 2,7-dimethyloctane (3.21%), decane (5.33%), undecane (3.81%), tridecanoic acid methyl ester (4.76%), hexadecanoic acid (9.37%), 11-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (23.18%), pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-methyl ester (4.43%), (Z)-13-docosenoic acid (10.71%), dodecyl pentafluoropropionate (9.52%), 2-dodecyl-1,3-propanediol (6.38%), and 1,12-tridecadiene (19.30%). FT-IR analysis of the extract showed peaks at 1270.17 (C–O and C–F), 1641.48 (C=C), 2937.68 (C–H), and 3430.51 (O–H) cm−1 indicating the presence of ether, alkene, alkane, alcohol, carboxylic acid, and fluoric compounds. These compounds consisted of 32.37% ester, 31.65% hydrocarbons, 20.08% fatty acid, 9.52% halogenated ester, and 6.38% alcohol. The highest component was 11-octadecenoic acid methyl ester followed by 1,12-tridecadiene. Since behavioural bioassays were not carried out, the consideration of these compounds to be pheromone semiochemicals remains a hypothesis.

Polarized microbeam FT-IR analysis of single fibers

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 206-207
Author(s):  
Liling Cho ◽  
David L. Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Orientation ◽  
Transition Point ◽  
Polymer Fibers ◽  
Single Fiber ◽  
Wire Grid ◽  
Polyester Fibers ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Wire Grid Polarizer

Polarized infrared microscopy has been used for forensic purposes to differentiate among polymer fibers. Dichroism can be used to compare and discriminate between different polyester fibers, including those composed of polyethylene terephthalate that are frequently encountered during criminal casework. In the fiber manufacturering process, fibers are drawn to develop molecular orientation and crystallinity. Macromolecular chains are oriented with respect to the long axis of the fiber. It is desirable to determine the relationship between the molecular orientation and stretching properties. This is particularly useful on a single fiber basis. Polarized spectroscopic differences observed from a single fiber are proposed to reveal the extent of molecular orientation within that single fiber. In the work presented, we compared the dichroic ratio between unstretched and stretched polyester fibers, and the transition point between the two forms of the same fiber. These techniques were applied to different polyester fibers. A fiber stretching device was fabricated for use on the instrument (IRμs, Spectra-Tech) stage. Tension was applied with a micrometer screw until a “neck” was produced in the stretched fiber. Spectra were obtained from an area of 24×48 μm. A wire-grid polarizer was used between the source and the sample.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Levulinic Ester as Biodiesel Additives

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Elena-Emilia Oprescu ◽  
Cristina-Emanuela Enascuta ◽  
Elena Radu ◽  
Vasile Lavric
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ethyl Levulinate ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Biodiesel Blend ◽  
Acid Strength Distribution

In this study, the SO42-/TiO2-La2O3-Fe2O3 catalyst was prepared and tested in the conversion of fructose to ethyl levulinate . The catalyst was characterized from the point of view of the textural analysis, FT-IR analysis, acid strength distribution, X-ray powder diffraction and pyridine adsorption IR spectra. The influence of the reaction parameters on the ethyl levulinate yield was study. The maximum yield of 37.95% in levulinate esters was obtained at 180 �C, 2 g catalyst and 4 h reaction time. The effect of ethyl levulinate addition to diesel-biodiesel blend in different rates, i.e, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 (w.t %) on density, kinematic viscosity and flash point was evaluated and compared with the European specification.

Formulation, Optimization,and Ex-Vivo Evaluation of Novel Lipid Carriers for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Hydroquinone

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivani Verma ◽  
Sukhjinder Kaur ◽  
Lalit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Topical Delivery ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Skin Retention

Background: HQ is used for hyper-pigmentation treatment using conventional creams and gels. These formulations show various disadvantages like poor skin permeation, allergic reactions, and repeated use decreasing patient compliance. Objectives: The present work involved formulation, statistical optimization, and characterization of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for efficient topical delivery of hydroquinone (HQ) for hyperpigmentation treatment. Methods: The NLCs were optimized exploring Box–Behnken design (BBD) using three independent variables and two dependent variables. Formulation having the minimum size and maximum drug entrapment was considered as optimized formulation. Optimized formulation was evaluated for drug release followed by its freeze-drying. The freeze-dried formulation was subjected to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, X-raydiffraction (XRD) analysis, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. Furthermore, NLCs based gel was prepared by using Carbopol 934 as a gelling agent. NLCs based gel was evaluated for skin permeation, skin retention, and skin distribution (through confocal microscopic analysis) using pig ear skin. Results: Optimized NLCs showed smaller particle size [(271.9 ± 9) nm], high drug entrapment [(66.4 ± 1.2) %], tolerable polydispersity index (PDI) (0.221 ± 0.012), and zeta potential [(-25.9± 1.2) mV]. The FT-IR analysis revealed excellent compatibility between HQ and other excipients. The Carbopol 934 gel containing NLCs showed high transdermal flux [(163 ± 16.2) μg/cm2/h], permeability coefficient (0.0326 ± 0.0016), and skin permeation enhancement ratio (3.7 ± 0.4) compared to marketed cream of HQ. The results of confocal microscopic (CLSM) analysis revealed the accumulation of optimized NLCs in the lower epidermal layers of skin. Conclusion: NLCs based gel was considered effective in the topical delivery of HQ to treat hyper-pigmentation due high skin permeation, skin retention, and prolonged release of HQ.

scholarly journals Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Benzothiazole Based [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-c]quinazoline Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-586
Author(s):  
Ranjit V. Gadhave ◽  
Bhanudas S. Kuchekar
Keyword(s):  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Antioxidant Agent

A new series of N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c]quinazoline-5-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized by condensation of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c]quinazoline-5-carboxylate derivatives with substituted benzothiazoles. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, MS and 1H NMR spectra. Designed triazoloquinazoline derivatives were docked with oxido-reductase enzyme (PDB Code 4h1j) and DNA gyrase enzyme (PDB Code 3g75). Based on high binding affinity score, the best compound were selected for synthesis and subjected to in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Compounds 7a and 7d were found to be most active compounds as antioxidant agent among this series when compared with ascorbic acid. Compounds 7a, 7d and 7f were found to be most active compounds as an antibacterial agents among this series when compared with ciprofloxacin against bacterial strains such as S. aureus (ATCC 25923), E. coli (ATCC 25922) and P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). Study revealed that the most active compounds after structural modifications can be exploited as lead molecules for other pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antidepressant activities.

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