scholarly journals A survey of prescription pattern of antibiotic drugs on patients suffering from ENT infection within Dhaka metropolis

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubaba Karim ◽  
Md. Sahab Uddin ◽  
M. Sohanur Rahman ◽  
Most. Akhlatun Nure ◽  
Rita Rani Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescription Pattern ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
Standard Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Almost All

Background: This survey was designed to assess and evaluate the prescription pattern of antibiotic drugs on patients suffering from ENT infection within Dhaka metropolis.Methods: A cross sectional, observational and prospective study was conducted from January to June 2015 in the out-patients (OPD) and in-patients (IPD) of ENT department at different general and specialized government and private hospitals (Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Sir Solimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka Community Medical College and Hospital) within Dhaka city.300 prescriptions were collected and randomly evaluated for this present study.Results: Out of 300 patients, 220 (73.33%) were male and 80 (26.67%) were female (including children and adults) where most of the patients were outpatients 262 (87.33%). In the patients information section it was observed that approximately 93.33%  prescription contained antibiotic drugs and almost all prescription (100%) contained antibiotic drugs along with other drugs such as 80.67%PPI (proton pump inhibitors), 76.67% analgesic and 51.33% vitamin / iron supplements. From this analysis we found that 19.33% prescription contained single antibiotic drug, 80.67% contained two antibiotic drugs and no prescription contained more than two antibiotic drugs. Most of the prescribed drugs were administered orally (12% capsule, 80% tablet form). Out of 473 prescribed antibiotic drugs majority of them lie underβ-Lactam (54%) class followed by cephalosporin (46.33%) class in which maximum drugs (92%) were prescribed by their brand names.Conclusions: Prescribing more than one antibiotics was commonly encountered in this study indicating the occurrence of polypharmacy. Interventions to rectify over prescription of antibiotics, use of brand names, inadequate labelling of drugs is necessary to improve rational drug use. Standard treatment guidelines, hospital formulary, and educational intervention become essential to modify this behaviour to benefit the patient.

scholarly journals Adherence to recommended intra-partum guidelines of high risk pregnancies: a study in North Bengal Medical College, Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3490
Author(s):  
Sumanta Chakraborty ◽  
Sunamika Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Standard Treatment Guidelines ◽  
North Bengal

Background: High risk pregnancies in intra-partum period are vulnerable, and if not appropriately attended, may roll on to maternal death or dreaded maternal near-miss cases. Despite the presence of a number of standard treatment guidelines designed to address most of the high risk conditions, their adherence and implementation continues to be uncommon. To assess the adherence to recommended guidelines during referral of high risk pregnancies in labour in mothers of the difficult terrains of eastern Himalaya.Methods: A descriptive epidemiological study with cross-sectional design was conducted among mothers with high risk pregnancies admitted in the labour ward, North Bengal Medical College Hospital, Darjeeling. 433 subjects were studied using complete enumeration technique.Results: Anaemia in pregnancy (22%), obstructed labour (19%), pre-term rupture of membranes (15%) and pregnancy induced hypertension (15%) were the high risk conditions identified. Referral linkage existed in most (70.7%) but no pre-referral treatment was given to 61.4% of the intra-partum mothers. Multivariate analysis shows mothers with age more than 35 years (AOR 4.97), bad obstetric history (AOR 2.40) & not attended by doctors (AOR 5.02) were found to be having more odds of missing the pre-referral treatment. About 86% of the gaps in pre-referral treatment were due to doctors not attending patients, lack of referral communication, not providing JSSK facilities and non-maintenance of Partograph as per Pareto analysis.Conclusions: Most of the non-adherence to standard treatment guidelines in high risk intra-partum mothers are related to health service delivery and can be ameliorated through proper administrative measures. 

Inter-Basal and Septal Connections of Papillary Muscles - An Anatomical Rationale for Rhythmic Opening of AV Valves - A Multicentric Medical College Based Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (31) ◽  
pp. 2865-2869
Author(s):  
Praveen Mulki Shenoy ◽  
Amith Ramos ◽  
Narasimha Pai ◽  
Bharath Shetty ◽  
Aravind Pallipady Rao
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Papillary Muscle ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Moderator Band ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Function

BACKGROUND The papillary muscle basal connections have significant clinical implications. Variety of studies done on its morphology and function by various specialists in different departments. A close look on these revealed the interconnections of papillary muscles to one another and to the interventricular septum of both ventricles is related to uncoordinated contractions of papillary muscles, leading to hyper or hypokinesia or prolapse or even its rupture. METHODS Our study done in 25 formalin soaked hearts revealed after the deep and meticulous dissection, reflecting the walls of ventricles laterally the numerous interconnections of papillary muscles at its bases and IVS. Ventricles are opened by inverted ‘L’ shaped incision and its reflected more laterally till all the papillary muscles is visible in one frame after incising the moderator band. The connections were noted, measured, photographed, tabulated, compared with similar studies and analysed with experts with respective fields. RESULTS Almost all the specimens did have the interconnections. Further the post mortem findings of the cardiac related deaths with involvement of papillary muscles suggest damage to such ‘bridges’. The moderator band extensions to the base of right APM, and its extension to the posterior groups is noted in all the specimens. The bridge from the IVS to bases of both the groups of papillary muscles is noted in left ventricle. In90% of specimens the one PPM is found to be loosely connected, more so in left ventricle. CONCLUSIONS We are of a conclusion that such basal interconnections and to the interventricular septum are responsible for rhythmic contractions of papillary muscles of both ventricles. Since the AV valves have to open simultaneously, interconnections becomes mandatory as the impulse has to reach it before it reaches the trabeculae carniae. One of the Posterior papillary muscles is loosely connected to other papillary muscles, may be the reason for its rupture, more so in left ventricle. KEYWORDS Papillary Muscle, Interbasal Connection, Moderator Band, Valvular Prolapse, AV Valves

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding various tobacco products and their effects on health and COTPA act among ≥15 years age group persons in urban field practice area of a medical college in Telangana

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2180
Author(s):  
Jyothi Veleshala ◽  
Varun Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Almost All

Background: Tobacco use is a major public health problem. The prevalence of tobacco use among men has been reported to be high (generally exceeding 50%) from almost all parts of India. “The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply, and Distribution) Act 2003”, which came into effect since 1st May 2004. Information on knowledge, attitudes, and practices of population regarding COTPA is necessary to effectively implement the legislation. Hence the present study was undertaken.Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional community-based survey carried out in urban slums of Nalgonda town. Data was collected using a structured schedule by interviewing 300 participants, aged above 15 years.Results: The current use of any tobacco was reported by 45.7% of the participants. Overall awareness of COTPA was 58.2%. Marital status, type of family, unemployment, Illiterates, lower SES, and age had a significant influence on tobacco use. Television (77.05%) was the major source of awareness regarding COTPA. The majority of smokers were aware of various sections of COTPA (>50%). About 34.8% of the participants had a favorable attitude towards COTPA. The positive attitude was more (53.7%) towards the display of health warnings on tobacco products among smokers. 11.2% had paid penalty for violation of the act and 32.4% have noticed a reduction in their habit to some extent.Conclusions: A concerted effort has to be made to increase the awareness of the act amongst the vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Prescriptions Pattern Available at Rural Household

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Md Mahfuzar Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Rural Household ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescription Pattern ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Antibiotic Dose

This was a descriptive type of cross-sectional study conducted in three villages of Shahjadpur Upazila in the month of October, 2010 among the rural households who visited medical practioners for the last three months. It was aimed to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, availability of prescriptions, diagnosis written, number of drugs and antibiotics including its duration written within the prescription. It also determines the duration of antibiotic, dose and course including the advices on life style mentioned in the prescription in particular. It was revealed from the findings that 73.27% respondents were within 15-44 years of age with mean age 34.8 years and SD ± 13.09. In this study 68% respondents were attended doctors chamber during last three months, of them prescriptions were available to 57% respondents for investigation according to the stated objectives. Number of drugs in one prescription was 3-5 in 77% prescriptions. On the other hand 58% prescriptions were having 1-2 antibiotics. However, dose of antibiotics were not mentioned to about 31% prescriptions only. The duration 3-6 days of antibiotics was mentioned only about 23% prescriptions. Advices on life style and diagnosis were mentioned only to 32 and 52% prescriptions respectively. The investigation also revealed the qualification of prescribers and found 22.64% prescriptions by non-qualified doctors. The finding of the study can be a basis to take appropriate measures among prescribers in the locality towards maintaining the standard and rationality of prescriptions for the patients seeking drug treatment for any type of ailments. It will also help practitioners to provide a rational prescription to the consumers in regards to the number of drugs as well as clarity of instruction of its uses in deed. Key Words: Prescription; Pattern; Rural Household DOI: 10.3329/akmmcj.v1i2.7459 Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal 2010; 1(2): 12-16

scholarly journals Prescribing pattern and prescription errors: a study at a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzana Sultana ◽  
Ajijur Rahman ◽  
Tripti Rani Paul ◽  
Md Shahid Sarwar ◽  
Md Anwar Ul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Prescription Pattern ◽  
Prescription Errors ◽  
Standard Treatment Guidelines

Irrational prescribing of drugs is a major health concern in developing countries like Bangladesh. A study was therefore undertaken in a hospital, situated in Rajshahi region of Bangladesh, to find the prescribing pattern and to detect the prescription errors to the admitted patients. Prescriptions of 200 patients were collected from various departments of the hospital over a period of three months. Prescription pattern was analyzed using general indicators suggested by WHO and prescribing errors were determined by comparing the prescribed drugs with national standard treatment guidelines, textbooks and authentic online resources. The average number of drugs per prescription was found to be 4.89 and 76.5% prescriptions contained complex regimen. In this study, we found no prescription with generic name. The percentage of prescription with antibiotics was 78% that was 15.95% of total drugs. The injectable preparations used were 17.18% of total 978 drugs. About 769 (3.85 per prescription) prescription errors were identified from 978 prescribed drugs. The name of 35 prescribed drugs was not clear due to illegible hand writing. The dose strength was missing for 279 drugs and 31 drugs had improper abbreviation. The study also identified 409 drug interactions. About 6.5% prescription orders were identified for the patients with kidney and urinary problems and there was no dose adjustment. Frequency of occurrence of prescription errors found during the study can be rated high. The prescription pattern and the prescription errors have indicated the need to establish proper system of recording and analyzing therapy before writing a prescription in order to promote rational drug therapy.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 18(1): 20-24, 2015

scholarly journals Prescription pattern of analgesics in outpatient department in a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 2372
Author(s):  
Rajeev Mishra ◽  
S. S. Keshari
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
North India ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescription Pattern ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Background Pain ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Cox 2 Inhibitors

Background: Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience which is associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in such terms. NSAIDs are most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of pain and inflammation and is most commonly prescribed drug around the world. NSAIDs are also most commonly used drug over the counter. Present study was done to evaluate the prescription pattern of analgesics and to assess the rational use of conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, and opioid analgesics.Methods: Present study was Cross sectional study, done at outdoor department of Orthopaedics at T.S. Misra Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow during January 2017 to April 2017 in a pre-designed and pre-tested proforma. Both male and female patients, above the age of 18 years, who were willing to participate in this study were enrolled. Samples of 253 prescriptions were screened randomly and verbal informed consent was taken. Data were analysed using MS Excel 2007 and summarized as counts and percentages. Statistical analysis was not done as it was a descriptive study.Results: Most commonly prescribed analgesics were non-selective NSAIDs followed by selective COX-2 inhibitors. Most commonly prescribed FDCs combination was diclofenac with paracetamol.Conclusions: This study shows that diclofenac is the most frequently prescribed analgesic in orthopaedics OPD at this hospital. The extensive use of irrational FDCs must be curtailed. We observed in present study that most of the prescriptions were rational. But there are scopes for improvement by introducing appropriate educational intervention for rational prescribing. 

scholarly journals AN AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF PRESCRIPTION PATTERN OF DRUGS FOR OSTEOARTHRITIS IN A NORTH INDIAN MEDICAL COLLEGE

2019 ◽  
pp. 308-310
Author(s):  
ASHWANI UMMAT ◽  
RANJODH JEET SINGH ◽  
SONIA KOCHHAR
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescription Pattern ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Indian Medical

Objective: The objective of the study is to analyze the prescription pattern of drugs for osteoarthritis (OA) in a north Indian medical college collaborated with a tertiary care hospital. Methods: An observational study was conducted on 300 patients diagnosed with OA in the department of orthopedics in collaboration with the department of pharmacology, and thus, prescription was collected as in a cross-sectional manner for 6 months and the same were analyzed in the Department of Orthopedics in tertiary care hospital collaborated with medical college. Results: The average age of patients participating in this present study was 56.46±7.4 years with affected age group of 46-60 years. 60 % of females were affected by osteoarthritis outnumbering male (40 %) patients in this present study. The most commonly involved joint was knee joint (87.33 %) in patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis followed by back (6.67 %) and hip joint (6%). The combination therapy (90 %) outweighed monotherapy (10 %) with preferred route of drug administration as oral route (90 %) followed by topical route (10 %). The average number of drugs prescribed for patients of osteoarthritis was 2.62±0.76. This present study concludes that NSAIDs (45.8%) were prescribed most commonly. However, the drug paracetamol was lesser prescribed and other drugs such as Diclofenac (27.22 %) and acetaminophen (34.44 %) most of all followed by Nimesulide (16.67 %), ibuprofen (13.33 %) and Rofecoxib/valdecoxib (8.33 %) were prescribed. Conclusion: This present study concludes that NSAIDs were most commonly prescribed as p-drugs while paracetamol was undermined prescribed.

scholarly journals Laboratory Profiles of Pleural effusion Collected from Children: Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Abdul Matin ◽  
Ranjit Ranjan Roy ◽  
Md Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Almost All

Background: Pleural effusion occurs in many reasons. Laboratory tests are necessary to find out the causes. Objective: This study was an attempt to know the laboratory findings of pleural effusion. Methodology: This cross-sectional study of thirty (30) admitted cases with pleural effusion confirmed by chest radiography and aspiration of pleural fluid from one (1) year to twelve (12) years age of either sex were collected purposively. This study was carried out from July 2009 to February 2010 in the Department of Pediatrics at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. All information were recorded in pre tested semi structured questionnaire. Results: Color of pleural fluid was straw in 56.7%, clear in 30.0%, blood stained in 13.3%. In this study, lymphocyte predominance among 56.7% cases, acid fast bacilli in 3.3% cases and raised protein of more than 3gm/dl and sugar less then 60mg/dl in 93.3% cases in pleural fluid. Conclusion: In almost all cases protein is raised and sugar is less in pleural fluid. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v5i1.16201 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2013;5(1):26-27

scholarly journals Usage of Silver-Stained Polyacrylamide Gels Electrophoresis (PAGE) for Detection of Rotavirus Infection by Direct Identification of Viral Nucleic Acid

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Md Rashedul Kabir ◽  
Rafika Afrose ◽  
ASM Shahidullah ◽  
Md Akram Hossain ◽  
Shyamal Kumar Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stool Culture ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Modified Polyacrylamide

Background: Rotavirus infects almost all children by the age of five. More than 180,000 annual deaths due to rotavirus, occurs in Bangladesh. Aims: This study aimed to determine the incidence of rotavirus infection in children by a modified polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in stool samples. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive type cross sectional study, a total of 400 stool samples were examined for the presence of rotavirus by a modified PAGE analysis of viral genome. Stool culture was done for common enteric pathogens. The study was carried out from November 2012 to July 2013 in the department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh. Results: PAGE results were found in 365 of 400 (91%) specimens. Maximum incidence of rotavirus infection was seen in age group of 6 months - 24 months (67.25%). All 151 rotavirus positive cases did not show infection with bacterial pathogens.Conclusion: The modified PAGE technique for the detection of viral RNA was found to be rapid, simple, reliable and less expensive technique.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(2) 2016 p.154-159

scholarly journals The magnitude of prescribing medicines by brand names at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 239920261990014
Author(s):  
Ombeni Kisamo ◽  
Manase Kilonzi ◽  
Wigilya P Mikomangwa ◽  
George M Bwire ◽  
Hamu J Mlyuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Muhimbili National Hospital ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Tanzania National Treatment Guidelines and National Therapeutic Committee circular of 2012 requires prescribers to prescribe medicines using their generic names as recommended by the World Health Organization. The implementation of the aforementioned recommendations by prescribers is not well documented in our settings. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the compliance on the use of generic names by prescribers at Muhimbili National Hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital from January to May 2019 in both inpatient and outpatient pharmacy units. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 23. Chi-square test was used to analyze proportions between the different variables of the study. A p-value for significance was <0.05. Results: Of 1001 prescriptions analyzed, 71.6% contained medicines prescribed using brand names. The mean (±standard deviation (SD)) number of medicines per prescription was 2.98 (±1.5). The most frequently prescribed medicines by brand names were a combination of vitamin and mineral supplements (34.4%) followed by antibiotics (26.7%). Medical doctors (25.6%) and medical specialists (21.6%) prescribed ⩾2 medicines using brand names per prescription compared to interns (15.0%) and residents (6.9%) ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Prescribing medicines using brand names was highly observed in this study. Supplements and antibiotics were among the products that were highly prescribed using their brand names. Qualitative studies to explore reasons for brand name prescribing practices are recommended.

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