scholarly journals Evaluation of anti-asthmatic and anti-cholinergic activity of ethanolic extract of Tectina grandis Linn. bark

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 572
Author(s):  
Deepali J. Jaybhaye ◽  
Prashant S. Chaudhary ◽  
Shruti Chandra ◽  
Sukhmeen Johar
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cholinergic Activity ◽  
Histamine Dihydrochloride ◽  
Mast Cell Stabilization

Background: Asthma is a chronic disease that affects approximately 300 million people worldwide. Tectona grandis Linn. bark, also known as Teak (English), is traditionally used to treat asthma. However, the scientific data on anti-asthmatic and anti-cholinergic of this plant has got little attention. An attempt has been based on ethanolic extract of bark of Tectona grandis Linn. shown a tremendous effect on asthma when comparative study was done with normal and treated group.Methods: The anti-asthmatic activity of a 95% ethanol and 5% distilled water extract of dried and fresh Tectona grandis Linn. bark, was evaluated against histamine and acetylcholine-induced preconvulsive dyspnea (PCD) in guinea pigs fasted for 24 h were exposed to an atomized fine mist of 2% histamine dihydrochloride and acetylcholine aerosol (dissolved in normal saline) using nebulizer at a pressure of 300 mmHg in the histamine chamber (24×14×24 cm, made of perplex glass. They were divided in groups Mepyramin (8 mg/kg) intraperitonially, atropine aerosol and Tectona grandis bark formulation (2.5, 5, 10 gm/kg) were administered orally 30 min prior to exposure. Animals, which did not develop typical asthma within 6 minutes, were taken as protected.Results: Ethanolic extract of Tectona grandis Linn. bark at 5 and 10 gm/kg significantly reduce bronchoconstriction as compared to control group along with significant mast cell stabilization activity.Conclusions: In conclusion, the present study shows that the ethanolic bark extract of Tectona grandis Linn. has potential antiasthamatic and antichlolinergic action in histamine and acetylcholine broncocontraction in guinea pigs.

scholarly journals Reproductive Characteristics, Serum Metabolites, and Oxidative Status in Female Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) Fed with Ethanolic Extract of Dichrostachys glomerata Fruit

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Nadège Motchewo Djuissi ◽  
Ferdinand Ngoula ◽  
Justin Kouamo ◽  
Narcisse Bertin Vemo ◽  
Mathieu Fambo Stive Nono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cavia Porcellus ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics

Dichrostachys glomerata (D. glomerata) is an aromatic plant which is used as a spice in cooking and Cameroonian traditional medicine to treat infertility in men. This work was designed to highlight the effects of the ethanolic extract of D. glomerata on oxidative status, serum metabolites and reproductive characteristics in female guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). A total of 48 primiparous female guinea pigs, aged 4 months old with the body weight of 400 ± 10 g, were divided into four groups with two replications per group (6 guinea pigs each). During 90 days of trial, Group 1 (control group) orally received 1 ml/kg b.w. of distilled water daily, and groups 2, 3, and 4 received D. glomerata ethanolic extract once a day at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg b.w. using the same method of administration, respectively, for 90 days, including 60 days of gestation. After the first 30 days of treatment, mating was done by placing one non-treated male into cages containing six treated females. At the end of the treatment, data were collected on reproductive characteristics, serum metabolites, and oxidative stress markers. The results revealed that the ethanolic extract of D. glomerata induced a significant decrease in the number of post-implantation resorption and ovaries weight. Groups 3 and 4 showed a significant increase in the number of fetuses per dam and viable fetuses as well as placenta weight, compared to the control group. The serum level of progesterone significantly decreased in the group treated with 200 mg/kg D. Glomerata, compared to the other treated groups. The extract at 100 mg/kg body weight showed a significant increase in fetuses weight and fetuses crown-rump length, compared to the control group. Catalase activity significantly increased in the control group than D. glomerata treated groups. In conclusion, ethanolic extract of D. glomerata minimized reproductive stress and subsequently improved the reproductive performance of guinea pigs.

Pharmacological Evaluation of Antipyretic, Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Cassia fistula

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.K. Sharma ◽  
S.K. Sharma ◽  
M.K. Lonare ◽  
Rajdeep Kaur ◽  
V.K. Dumka
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: The antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of two concentrations (100 and 200 mg/kg) of ethanolic extract of leaf, bark, flower and fruit pulp of C. fistula were determined in male wistar albino rats. Methods: Antipyretic activity was assessed by E. coli endotoxin induced pyrexia. Analgesic activity was assessed by hot plate, tail immersion and acetic acid induced writhing test. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema assay. Result: Significant (p less than 0.05) antipyretic activity was exhibited from 2h onwards by bark extract @ 200 mg/kg and from 3h onwards by bark extract @100 mg/kg and leaves extract @ 200mg/kg as compared to control group. Significant (p less than 0.05) analgesic activity was shown by extract of bark @ 200 mg/kg as it is evident by increase in reflex time in hot plate (90,120,180 min), tail immersion test (120,180 min) and inhibition of writhing (32.12%). Significant (p less than 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity was exhibited from 3h post administration by bark @ 200 and leaves @ 100 and 200 mg/kg.

scholarly journals HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF VERNONIA AMYGDALINA LEAF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT IN WHITE RATS INDUCED BY PARACETAMOL

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Panal Sitorus ◽  
Nerdy Nerdy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carboxy Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Carboxy Methyl

Objectives: A study on the hepatoprotective effect of Vernonia amygdalina leaves ethanolic extract on white rats induced by paracetamol was aimed to obtaining scientific data and evidence the hepatoprotective ability of the extract.Methods: The research was a complete randomized design, using 36 white rats which were divided into 6 groups. The normal control group was given 1% carboxy methyl cellulose for 7 days and followed by distilled water 8 hours after treatment. The positive control group was given 100 mg curcumin per kg body weight of rats for 7 days and followed by 2.5 g paracetamol per kg body weight after treatment. The negative control group was given 1% carboxy methyl cellulose for 7 days and followed by 2.5 g paracetamol per kg body weight after treatment. The test group was given 50, 100 and 200 mg extract per kg body weight of rats for 7 days and followed by 2.5 g paracetamol per kg body weight after treatment. Blood sampling was carried out 3 times (before treatment, after treatment and after induction).Results: With doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg extract per kg body weight of rats give significant difference on the decrease of Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) and Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) levels after paracetamol administration.Conclusions: It can be concluded that Vernonia amygdalina leaves ethanolic extract were potentially hepatoprotective.

scholarly journals STUDY ON MULTIPOTENT MEDICINAL ASPECTS OF SCHIMA WALLICHII (BARK) FROM NAGALAND, NE INDIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 155-158
Author(s):  
MINAKSHI BHATTACHARJEE ◽  
VITOLU SEMA Y ◽  
MANASH PRATIMSARMA
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Ne India ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Schima Wallichii

Objective: The present study focuses on the multipotent medicinal aspects of Schima wallichii bark. Methods: The ethanol and water extracts of the plant were investigated its phytochemical, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticoagulant as per the standard method. Results: S. wallichii bark extract was effective against Staphylococcus aureus. It was also found to be a good antioxidant having an IC50 value of 98.7 in ethanolic extract. Further, the water extract increased in prothrombin time to 57.7 s against normal (12.3 s). The different phytochemicals, namely tannin, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and glycosides, were present. Since the findings showed very less percent inhibition in comparison to curcumin-treated cells, thus both the extracts were both not effective in the antiproliferative assay. Conclusion: We conclude that this plant is a good candidate for developing a natural drug.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Polygonum limbatum meism Against Reproductive Toxicity Induced by Cadmium in Male Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brice Menkem ◽  
Bertin Narcisse Vemo ◽  
Megnimeza Martine Astride Tsambou ◽  
Tadiesse Lavoisier Fonou ◽  
Nguedia Arius Baulland Dongmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects

This study aimed at evaluating the therapeutic effects of ethanolic extract of Polygonum limbatum meism (EEPLM) on the reproductive parameters of male Guinea pigs exposed to cadmium chloride. Thirty-six male guinea pigs were randomly assigned to six treatment groups (with six animals per group). Group 1 (DW) received distilled water orally; group 2 (Cd), negative control, was treated with cadmium chloride at a dose of 26.25 mg/kg body weight (bw); while group 3 (VitC), positive control, was given 26.25 mg of cadmium chloride/kg bw and 100 mg of vitamin C, and groups 4, 5, and 6 were treated, respectively, with EEPLM at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bw in addition to cadmium chloride (26.25 mg/kg bw). After 90 days, all animals were sacrificed, and data related to reproduction, toxicity, and oxidative stress were collected. Results revealed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) of serum levels of creatinine, urea, alanine, and aspartate amino transferases in guinea pigs treated with cadmium chloride and EEPLM compared to the negative control group (Cd). The weight of the bulbo-urethral gland was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in animals exposed to cadmium chloride and treated with vitamin C or EEPLM compared to the negative control (Cd). Guinea pigs orally receiving cadmium chloride and EEPLM showed significantly (p < 0.05) increased motility, sperm count, spermatozoa with entire plasma membrane, and percentage of normal spermatozoa with reference to the negative control (Cd). The serum level of testosterone increased insignificantly (p > 0.05) in animals given cadmium and EEPLM compared to the negative control (Cd). Animals co-administered cadmium chloride and EEPLM recorded a significantly (p < 0.05) reduced level of MDA, activities of SOD, and total peroxidases compared to the group that received cadmium chloride (Cd) only. In conclusion, cadmium chloride induced reproductive impairments by generating oxidative stress. However, the administration of EEPLM can mitigate these adverse effects due to its antioxidant properties.

Promising Chemoprevention of Colonic Aberrant Crypt Foci by Portunus segnis Muscle and Shell Extracts in Azoxymethane-Induced Colorectal Cancer in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 2041-2052
Author(s):  
Zahra Sahebi ◽  
Mozhgan Emtyazjoo ◽  
Pargol G. Mostafavi ◽  
Shahin Bonakdar
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Aberrant Crypt Foci ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Portunus Segnis

Background and Purpose: This study subjected a rat model to the extracts of muscle and shell tissues from Portunus segnis to assess their therapeutic effects on the HT-29 colon cancer cells as well as on colonic Aberrant Crypt Foci (ACF) induced by Azoxymethane (AOM). Methods: The cell line was exposed to the extracts to compare the cytotoxicity of hexane, butanol, ethyl acetate, and water extract of muscle and ethanolic extract of the shell. Male rats (n=40) were assigned into control, positive, negative, and treatment groups. The animals were injected with AOM, except the control group, and then exposed to 250 and 500mg/kg of the crude extracts. Immunohistochemical localization of Bax and Bcl-2, as well as ACF and antioxidant enzymes, were evaluated in the rat colon. Results: The butanolic muscle extract and ethanolic shell one demonstrated an IC50 of 9.02±0.19μg/ml and 20.23±0.27μg/ml towards the cell line, respectively. Dietary exposure inhibited the ACF formation and crypt multiplicity in the colon compared to the cancer control group. The activity of SOD and CAT increased, while that of MDA decreased. The expression of Bax and Bcl-2 increased and decreased, respectively. Conclusion: Taken together, the results show that both extractions were suggested to be suppressive to AOMinduced colon cancer.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Phytochemistry and Antioxidant Activity of Pterocarpus angolensis (Mubvamaropa) from Mupandawana

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
S. Zengeni ◽  
J. M. Chifamba ◽  
I. Mutingwende ◽  
T. Manyarara
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Pterocarpus Angolensis ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

The present study investigated the phytochemistry and antioxidant activity of Pterocarpus angolensis (Mubvamaropa) from Mupandawana. Pt. angolensis has numerous medicinal uses. The bark, sap, leaves and roots are all used to treat different ailments. The sap is used to stop nose bleeds, treatment of ulcers and kill ringworms. Several studies have supported the use of the tree’s sap to treat cataracts, malaria as well as skin inflammations. Pterocarpus angolensis bark was collected from Gutu, Masvingo province and authenticated by a plant taxonomist at the Zimbabwe National herbarium (Mr Chapano). The bark was cleaned using distilled water and oven dried at 40°C for 4 hours to constant weight. Size reduction was achieved using a Thomas-Wiley laboratory mill model with a 2 mm sieve mesh. The phytochemical analysis revealed that the ethanolic extract had more phyto-constituents than the water extract which only four phyto-constituents present all of which were weakly positive. DPPH scavenging activity was 95.11% at a concentration of 500 μg/mL bark extract, while that of the control, ascorbic acid, was 97.60%. Ascorbic acid had an IC50 value of 4.35 µg/mL while the bark extract had a value of 150.64 µg/mL.

Biological and Phytochemical Screening of Tephrosia purpurea extract on Chemically Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Reference to Biochemical Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Aziz ◽  
Birendra Shrivastava ◽  
Chandana Venkateswara Rao ◽  
Sadath Ali
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Tephrosia Purpurea ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Ccl4 Treatment ◽  
Dose Dependent

Tephrosia purpurea possesses hepatoprotective activity as evidenced by the significant and dose dependent restoring the activities of entire liver cancer marker enzymes, diminution in tumor incidence, decrease in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and increase in the level of antioxidant enzymes (GSH, CAT, SOD, GPx and GST) through scavenging of free radicals, or by enhancing the activity of antioxidant, which then detoxify free radicals. These factors protect cells from ROS damage in NDEA and CCl4-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Histopathological observations of liver tissues too correlated with the biochemical observations. Thus, present investigation suggested that the Tephrosia purpurea would exert a chemoprotective effect by reversing the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance during hepatocarcinogenesis induced by NDEA and CCl4. Besides Tephrosia purpurea is very much effective in preventing NDEA-induced multistage hepatocarcinogenesis possibly through antioxidant and antigenotoxic nature, which was confirmed by various liver injury and biochemical tumour markers enzymes. The hepatoprotective activity of aTephrosia purpurea of 50 % ethanolic extract was studied using rats. The animals received a single intraperitoneal injection of N-nitrosodiethylamine 200mg/kg body wt followed by subcutaneous injection of CCl4 in a dose of 3 ml/kg body wt.Tephrosia purpureaextract dose dependently and significantly the increase in serum hepatic enzyme levels after NDEAand CCl4 treatment compared to the toxin control group. The results of this study confirmed the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of the Tephrosia purpurea extract against carbon tetrachlorideand N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Biological and Phytochemical Screening of Fumaria indica extract on Chemically Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Reference to Biochemical Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Aziz ◽  
Birendra Shrivastava ◽  
Chandana Venkateswara Rao2 ◽  
Sadath Ali
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Toxic Industrial Chemicals

Liver disease or liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. Hepatitis viral infection, food additives, alcohol, fungal toxins (aflatoxins), toxic industrial chemicals, air and water pollutants are the major risk factors of liver cancer. Moreover, due to high tolerance of liver, HCC is seldom detected at an early stage and once detected treatment faces a poor prognosis in most cases.Fumaria indica possesses hepatoprotective activity as evidenced by the significant and dose dependent restoring the activities of entire liver cancer marker enzymes, diminution in tumor incidence, decrease in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and increase in the level of antioxidant enzymes (GSH, CAT, SOD, GPx and GST) through scavenging of free radicals, or by enhancing the activity of antioxidant, which then detoxify free radicals. These factors protect cells from ROS damage in NDEA and CCl4-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Histopathological observations of liver tissues too correlated with the biochemical observations. Thus, present investigation suggested that the Fumaria indica would exert a chemoprotective effect by reversing the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance during hepatocarcinogenesis induced by NDEA and CCl4. Besides Fumaria indicais very much effective in preventing NDEA-induced multistage hepatocarcinogenesis possibly through antioxidant and antigenotoxic nature, which was confirmed by various liver injury and biochemical tumour markers enzymes. The hepatoprotective activity of a Fumaria indicaof 50 % ethanolic extract was studied using rats. The animals received a single intraperitoneal injection of N-nitrosodiethylamine 200mg/kg body wt followed by subcutaneous injection of CCl4 in a dose of 3 ml/kg body wt. Fumaria indica extract dose dependently and significantly the increase in serum hepatic enzyme levels after NDEAand CCl4 treatment compared to the toxin control group. The results of this study confirmed the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of the Fumaria indicaextract against carbon tetrachlorideand N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatotoxicity in rats. In addition to this, studies on molecular aspect of hepatoprotective therapy will give mechanistic information in hepatoprotective therapy and also critical balance should be there between the animal model and clinical research. The hepatoprotective properties of Fumaria indicashould provide useful information in the possible application in hepatic liver disease.

Antidiabetic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Ficus glomerata (L.) Roots

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Mohini C. Upadhye ◽  
Uday Deokate ◽  
Rohini Pujari ◽  
Vishnu Thakare
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Ficus Glomerata

Background: Ficus glomerata (F. glomerata) Linn. Family Moraceace is a large tree found all over India including outer Himalayan ranges, Punjab, Chota Nagpur, Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Deccan and also as a common plant in South India. It is planted around the home and temples. It is cultivated throughout the year, distributed in evergreen forests and moist localities. Objective: The Ethanolic Extract of roots of F. Glomerata (EEFG) belonging to the family Moraceace, was investigated for its antidiabetic activity using alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups having 6 rats in each group. The alloxan was administered to the rats of all groups except normal control group through intraperitoneal route at a concentration of 140mg/kg body weight. A dose of 100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight of EEFG was administered to alloxan induced diabetic rats. The administration of the extract was lasted for 11 days. Effectiveness of the extract on glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein and protein concentrations was analyzed. Results: Significant (p<0.05) reduction in the levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride of the diabetic rats was observed after treatment with ethanolic extract. After subjecting to oral glucose tolerance test EEFG also showed significant improvement in glucose tolerance. Conclusion: F. glomerata root ethanolic extract showed that it possesses antidiabetic effect and can be found useful for the management of diabetes mellitus.

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