scholarly journals Awareness about cervical cancers among health workers in Shimla district, Himachal Pradesh, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas Fotedar ◽  
Shailee Fotedar ◽  
Purnima Thakur ◽  
Mukesh Sharma ◽  
Aman Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cervical Cancers

Background: Cervical cancer, although largely preventable, remains the most common cause of cancer mortality among women in low-resource countries. Aim of this study was to assess knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer prevention among health workers in Shimla district, Himachal Pradesh.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among multipurpose health care workers (both males and females) in Shimla district, Himachal Pradesh. A self-administered close ended questionnaire was used. The questionnaire, consisted of two parts. The first part comprised of questions relating to demographic data and the second part had questions on knowledge about cervical cancers. The data was analyzed using the statistical analysis program SPSS version 16.0.  Tests used were Chi square, t test and ANOVA. A p-values <0.05 were considered  statistically significant.Results: Out of 122 subjects, there were 45 (36.9%) males and 77 (63.1%) females. The mean knowledge percent of the population was 55.9+16.4. Among the age groups it was highest for the age group of 21-30 years (62.5+23.6) and lowest for the age group of 51-60 years (53.6+16.4). Knowledge about risk factors was correctly reported by 44.3% of population. Who should be screened for cervical cancers was reported correctly by 29.5% and at what interval screening should be done was reported by 14.8%.Conclusions: Half of the population had moderate overall knowledge about cervical cancers, but the knowledge about risk factors and screening eligibility and screening interval was inadequate. So, education programs should be arranged for the health workers in order to prevent cervical cancers.

scholarly journals Support for Lowering Cervical Cancer Screening Age To 25 for Women Living With HIV: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Programmatic Data From Botswana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doreen Ramogola-Masire ◽  
Surbhi Grover ◽  
Anikie Mathoma ◽  
Barati Monare ◽  
Lesego Gabaitiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background: Women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tend to develop cervical cancer at a younger age than HIV-negative women. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) new guidelines for screening and treatment of cervical pre-cancer lesions for cervical cancer prevention include a conditional recommendation for initiating screening at age 25 for women living with HIV (WLWH). This recommendation is based on low-certainty evidence, and WHO calls for additional data. We describe the association of age and HIV status with visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) positivity and cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia grade two or higher (CIN2+) in Botswana. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of 5,714 participants aged 25 through 49 years who underwent VIA screening. VIA-positive women received cryotherapy if indicated or were referred for colposcopy. Known cervical cancer risk factors, screening, and histological results were extracted from the program database. We compared the proportions and association of VIA positivity and CIN2+ by age and HIV status.Results: Median age was 35 years [IQR 31-39], and 18% of the women were aged 25-29. Ninety percent were WLWH; median CD4 count was 250 cells/µL [IQR 150-428], and 34.2% were on anti-retroviral treatment (ART). VIA-positivity was associated with younger age (OR 1.48, CI 1.28, 1.72 for 25-29 years versus age 30-49 years ), and HIV-positivity (OR 1.85, CI 1.51, 2.28). CIN2+ was associated with HIV positivity (OR 6.12, CI 3.39, 11.10), and proportions of CIN2+ were similar for both age groups in WLWH (12.1% versus 10.8%).Conclusions: Younger WLWH in Botswana had a significant burden of CIN2+. This finding further supports lowering the screening age for WLWH from 30 to 25.

scholarly journals A study on prevalence of hypertension and its relationship with overweight and obesity in adolescents and young adults, Nizamabad city

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3861
Author(s):  
G. Chethan Raj ◽  
Syam Sundar Junapudi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population

Background: The overall imbalance between unhealthy diet intake and physical activity leads to obesity which contributes to high blood pressure and high cholesterol. It is multi factorial disease and changes in the levels of blood pressure and blood lipids differ by age sex and race and are influenced by body fat and dietary patterns. These risk factors need to be monitored and evaluated in childhood and adolescents. So identifying and modifying the risk factors in early age reduces the incidence in adolescents and adult. Prevalence of hypertension varies across countries and states. The prevalence of hypertension in India is reported as ranging from 10 to 30.9%. The objective of the present study is to observe the prevalence hypertension among study population and to study contributing factors for hypertension among study population.Methods: A cross sectional study done on 100 adolescents and young adults of both sexes in the age group 17 to 25 years from 2 degree colleges randomly selected in Nizamabad city, Telangana, India.Results: In the present study population 52 were males and 48 were females, 22 students belongs to rural area and 78 belongs to urban area, pre-hypertension and hypertension was found 8% in both age groups. Overweight and obesity (>25) was found 7% in 17-19 age group and 9% in 20-25 age group. Pre-hypertension and hypertension was found among 10% of alcoholics.Conclusions: The result of our study concluded that there is increasing prevalence of hypertension with increase in age and is associated with overweight and obesity. 

scholarly journals Gambaran Perilaku Pencegahan Kanker Serviks Pada Wanita Pasangan Usia Subur di Puskesmas Rewarangga

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Julinda Malehere ◽  
Ni Ketut Alit Armini ◽  
Elida Ulfiana
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Prevention Behavior ◽  
Almost All

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the third cancer cause and the fourth leading cause of death for all types of cancer in women worldwide. Cervical cancer can be prevented and cured by early detection because it has a long preinvasive phase. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevention behavior of cervical cancer in woman couple of reproductive ages in Rewarangga Community Health Center.Methods: This research method was a descriptive study involving 196 respondents, taken by cluster random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire about respondent characteristics and prevention behavior of cervical cancer.Results: Most of the respondents aged between 36-45 years were 109 people (55.6%), seen from the education level almost half had elementary school education as many as 92 people (46.9%), in terms of employment almost half of the respondents did not work as many as 91 people (46.4%), and in terms of family income almost all of them have family income below the UMR <Rp 1,000,000 as many as 174 people (88.8%), the majority of respondents had a behavior of prevention of positive cervical cancer by 143 people (72.9%).Conclusion: The results showed a description of the prevention behavior of cervical cancer in women couple of reproductive ages based on demographic data of age, education, occupation, family income in obtaining the majority of positive cervical cancer prevention behaviors in the form of non-smoking behavior, not having free sex, consuming vegetables and fruit and not using KB long pill, but the behavior of cervical cancer screening with IVA method almost all respondents have never done it. It is expected that the efforts of health workers in providing education related to cervical cancer screening using the IVA method as an effort to prevent cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Cervical cancer: perception of peripheral health workers in Lucknow: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1536
Author(s):  
Arshi Ansari ◽  
Monika Agarwal ◽  
V. K. Singh ◽  
Kumari Nutan ◽  
Sujata Deo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Programs

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among Indian women. Cervical cancer incidence reduces dramatically when effective screening programs linked with access to treatment are in place and are readily accessible. Peripheral health workers (PHWs) being frontline workers have a major influence on raising awareness among community about acceptability of available screening programmes. This study was thus conducted to assess the awareness of PHWs regarding risk factors, signs and symptoms, early detection and prevention for cervical cancer.Methods: A questionnaire-based study was conducted among 450 PHWs (ASHAs and BHWs). Information was collected regarding their bio-social characteristics, awareness about female cancers, risk factors, signs/symptoms, early detection methods and services available for screening and prevention of cervical cancer.Results: Awareness of different aspects of cervical cancer was found to be very low. Only eight per cent of the PHWs had good awareness score. BHWs obtained statistically significant better mean scores as compared to ASHAs. Few (7.6%) PHWs had received training for any type of female cancers. Only 17 per cent of the PHWs were aware of HPV vaccine availability and only 29 per cent from them could name the vaccine.Conclusions: Majority of the PHWs had poor awareness about cervical cancer and available screening facility in our health system. They had almost no idea of availability of free HPV vaccination at the Sampoorna clinics. This low level of awareness calls for regular training of PHWs on cervical cancer which would ultimately trickle down to the community.

Screening for gestational diabetes in low-risk women: effect of maternal age

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Kalok ◽  
Pravin Peraba ◽  
Shamsul Azhar Shah ◽  
Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy ◽  
Mohamad Abdul Jamil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Risk Women

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is on the rise globally and there are various screening guidelines with regard to patients’ criteria. Materials and methods We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of GDM amongst low-risk pregnant women above the age of 25 years. A modified glucose tolerance test (MGTT) was performed between 24 and 36 weeks of gestation. Women with GDM were divided into two groups for analysis: age between 25 and 34 years (group A) and above 35 years (group B). They were managed as per hospital protocol and followed-up until delivery. The women’s demographic data, treatment and subsequent pregnancy outcomes were analysed. Results The overall prevalence of GDM in our low-risk women was 14%. GDM was less common in the younger age group (25–34 years) in comparison to those aged above 35 years (9.7% vs. 26.3%, p = 0.001). There was a non-significant increase in the induction of labour (IOL) rate amongst those aged below 35 years compared to the older group (46.7 % vs. 38.5%). The insulin requirement in the age group 25–34 years and above 35 years, were 6.7% and 23.1%, respectively. There was no significant difference between both age groups with regard to caesarean delivery, birth weight above the 95th centile and neonatal hypoglycaemia. Conclusion In low-risk women, the prevalence of GDM is significantly lower in those aged less than 35 years. Diagnosing GDM had resulted in the increment of IOL in this group, although with no significant increase in maternal and neonatal morbidity.

Estudio Descriptivo Transversal: Factores de Riesgo de Infección del Tracto Urinario en Pacientes Hospitalizados Menores de 5 Años en el Hospital Humanitario Pablo Jaramillo, Cuenca 2014 – 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Willie Jack Blacio Vidal ◽  
Veronica Irene Siranaula Arias
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection is the colonization and microbial replication along the urinary tract, it is a frequent cause for seeking medical attention. Its clinical presentation is often nonspecific and represents a risk of permanent kidney damage, which is higher as younger is the patient. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of known risk factors for urinary tract infection in hospitalized patients under the age of 5 years and older than a month of age. METhODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 68 patients with diagnosis of urinary tract infection (confirmed by urine culture), hospitalized at the Pediatrics department of Hospital Hu-manitario Pablo Jaramillo from January 2014 to December 2015. We measured the prevalence of the known risk factors for urinary tract infection. Data was collected in a form with the information obtained from the medical records and analyzed in SPSS V 20. Possible associations between the variables was evaluated with the Chi square test. RESUlTS: 67.6% of the sample were women and 32.4% were men. The age group with the highest prevalence of UTI was the group under 12 months (80.9%), with a higher frequency in females in all age groups. Among the risk factors, the maternal background of urinary infection represented 13.3%. Ve-sico-ureteral reflux represented 7.2% and hydronephrosis 8.8%. Phimosis was predominant in children under 12 months (11.7% of the total sample). The prolonged use of the diaper corresponded to 36.7 %. 5.9% of the patients with UTI presented constipation. CONClUSiON: UTIs are a frequent infectious disease in children under 5, with different distribution ac-cording to age and sex. The age group more frequently affected was the group under 12 months of age, and it was higher on women. Prolonged used of diaper (higher than 8 hours) was the most frequent risk factor in this study, and we found statistical significant association between this two variables. KEyWORDS: URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS, RISK FACTORS, CHILD, HOSPITALIZED, HYDRONEPHROSIS, PHYMOSIS, DIAPERS.

scholarly journals Oral contraceptives and intrauterine devices as risk factors for breast and cervical cancers: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2350
Author(s):  
Mary K. Murithi ◽  
Teresa K. Ogeto ◽  
Michael N. Walekhwa ◽  
Richard K. Njunge ◽  
Micah K. Lagat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Intrauterine Devices ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cervical Cancers ◽  
Meta Analyses

Breast and cervical cancers have commandingly become major public health threats across the world. While studies have reported on the nexus between the use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and intrauterine devices (IUDs) as risk factors for breast and cervical cancers, there exists a paucity of explicit data on the nature of the association. Authors report the effect of oral contraceptives and the use of IUDs on the development of breast and cervical cancers. Several databases (Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and PubMed) were searched using well-specified criteria and a total of 15 papers selected. Meta-analyses, systematic reviews and studies that used cross-sectional designs were excluded from the review. Three and twelve cohort and case-control studies were reviewed respectively. Four of these studies reported an increased association between oral contraceptives and the risk of cervical cancer while nine showed positive correlation between oral contraceptives and risk of breast cancer. One study showed association between levonogestrel IUDs and risk of breast cancer while the other study did not show association between both levonogestrel and copper IUDs with risk of breast cancer. Use of copper IUDs was associated with diminishing risk of cervical cancer. Overall, use of oral contraceptives upsurges risk of breast and cervical cancers especially when used for longer periods of time. Further studies should therefore be done to understand the mechanisms of action of oral contraceptives and IUDs on the development of both cancers.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF UNDIAGNOSED HYPERTENSION AMONG SLUM DWELLERS: A COMMUNITY-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY

2019 ◽  
pp. 226-229
Author(s):  
RAJSINH MOHITE ◽  
VAISHALI MOHITE
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Undiagnosed Hypertension

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence and determinants of undiagnosed hypertension (HTN) in slum population and to its strength of association. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted at Karad urban slum area of district Satara, India in the year 2018. The study was conducted among randomly selected 460 adults were in age ranges from 18 to 60 years. A standard World Health Organization-stepwise approach questionnaire includes demographic data, behavioral information, and clinical examination; anthropometric data were employed to elicit the data from the eligible study participants by interview and examination method. Inferential statistics were worked out to determine the significant statistical association among variables under study. Results: The prevalence of HTN among adult slum dweller was 23.04% of which prevalence of undiagnosed HTN was 16.03%. Significantly higher proportions of undiagnosed hypertensive were seen in males 22% and females 15.5% as well as also in all age groups, and it was seen twice in males as compared to females. The risk factor prevalence of current exposure to tobacco was 88.47% of which higher proportion, 90.7% was seen in females. Alcohol exposure was seen in 25% participants of which higher proportion, 38.5% seen in males and maximum exposure was seen in 46.7% males and 38.8% females and were from the young age group 18–30 years. Daily fruits and pure vegetarian diet consumption was observed in 3.2% and 19.3% slum dwellers, respectively. The prevalence of physical exercise was 17.1% of which significantly higher proportion, 22.0% was seen males and was of 1.8 times more than females. Overweight/obesity (body mass index >25 kg/m2) reported was 25.4% of which higher proportion, 26.9% was seen in females and they were maximum, 31.0% and 32.8% in males and females and from the age group of 40–50 years. Conclusion: Study revealed the prevalence of undiagnosed HTN at alarming state among the people residing in slum habitations. Similarly, risk factors such as tobacco, alcohol, physical inactivity, obesity, and dietary patterns were strongly existence among participants.

scholarly journals Prevalence and socio-demographic status on kidney stone patients in Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1943
Author(s):  
Ram Prakash ◽  
Arunachalam . ◽  
Narayanasamy .
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: The formations of human kidney stones are affecting large number of peoples in various age groups in worldwide. The deposition of few minerals, crystalline materials in the kidney and urinary bladder are during the process of metabolism. Stone analysis is of great importance to the therapy and metaphylaxis of residual and recurrent stones.Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out among 150 populations in rural/urban field practice area of department of community medicine, Thanjavur Government Medical College, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of risk factors for kidney stone patients. Data was analyzed using the SPSS version 20.0 software.Results: Among the 150 people were studied in age group of 20–80. Majority (46%) were more than 60 years of age. In this study, the majority of female 56% than men were representing 45% of the sample. It observed that the kidney stone patients were higher in the age group of 21-60 (46%) and lower <20 (1%) and >60 (7%) which was statistically significant (15.33±8.74; p=0.01).Conclusions: The results suggest that calcium oxalate stones are predominant in the selected study area. Kidney stone formation may be due to the food habits (diet), age, sex, obesity, genetics and environmental factors, geographical location, climate and lifestyle. The present investigation aims to assess the status of kidney stone diseases and risk factors in and around Thanjavur and the results have been discussed.

scholarly journals Ten-year trends of hypertension treatment and control rate in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-il Kim ◽  
Eunjeong Ji ◽  
Jung-yeon Choi ◽  
Sun-wook Kim ◽  
Soyeon Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hypertension Treatment ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
And Control

AbstractWe analyzed the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) database to determine the trends of hypertension treatment and control rate in Korea over the past 10 years. In addition, we tried to investigate the effect of chronic medical conditions on hypertension management. We investigated the hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rate from 2008 to 2017. KNHANES, which uses a stratified multistage sampling design, is a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey conducted by the Korean government. A total of 59,282 adults (≥ 20 years) were included, which was representative of the total population of around 40 million Koreans per year. The mean age was 50.7 ± 16.4 years and 42.6% were male. The prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity significantly increased over the 10 years. During this period, the hypertension treatment and control rate significantly improved. Hypertension treatment rate was significantly lower in the younger age group compared to the older age group, but the control rate among the treated patients was not significantly different between age groups. The treatment and control rates of hypertension were higher in patients with multimorbidity, which implies that it has a favorable effect on the treatment and control of hypertension. Hypertension treatment and control rate have improved over the past 10 years. The higher treatment and control rate in patients with multimorbidity suggest that the more aggressive surveillance might be associated with the improvement of hypertension treatment and control rate in Korea.

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