scholarly journals A study of different contraceptive methods: need of the hour during COVID 19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2749
Author(s):  
Monika S. Patokar ◽  
Arti S. Shirsath ◽  
Shwetambari R. Shinde ◽  
Sameer P. Darawade
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Postpartum Contraception ◽  
Medical Termination ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies ◽  
Reversible Method ◽  
Hospital Visits

Background: COVID-19 disease is the pandemic caused by a single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the coronavirus family known as 2019-nCoV (SARS-Co V). The disease is highly contagious and transmitted mainly by droplets or close contact. In this time of pandemic it is need of the hour to prevent more and more unwanted pregnancies. This study was to evaluate the contraceptive methods of choice which are easily available, cost effective and suitable to most of the patients during this terrible period of pandemic.Methods: This was a prospective observational study done from April 2020 to December 2020. Women coming to the OPD for contraceptive advice after medical termination of pregnancy and patients desiring postpartum contraception were included in the study. All data were collected from the OPD and IPD of our hospital. Different contraceptive methods available, their costs, hospital visits, complications, failure rate and reason for its discontinuation was analysed.Results: In this study 76.5% patients (n-459) accepted Inj. DMPA as compared to 10 % used Cu T and 13% used OC pills as a method of contraception. Inj DMPA is easily available, cost effective, has lesser side effects and need less hospital visits.Conclusions: DMPA should be made available as a first line method to all those who wishes to opt for reversible method of contraception. This study concludes, during the period of pandemic Inj DMPA was most preferred method of contraception.

scholarly journals Mifepristone-misoprostol combination in medical termination of early pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1035
Author(s):  
Devdatt Laxman Pitale
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Incomplete Abortion ◽  
Medical Termination ◽  
Products Of Conception ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies

Background: Unplanned and unwanted pregnancies are common worldwide despite of the medical advancements and wider availability of contraceptive methods. The development of safe, effective, inexpensive, nonsurgical methods of abortion is thus highly desirable. Objective of present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Mifepristone 200 mg orally followed by Misoprostol 800 µg intravaginally 48 hours later in women undergoing medical termination of early pregnancy (up to 63 days of gestational age).Methods: The present study included 100 pregnant women requesting termination of pregnancy in first trimester attending the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Women with gestational age up to 63 days from the first day of the last menstrual period with previous regular cycles were studied. Patients without medical or surgical contraindications to Mifepristone and Misoprostol were included.Results: Majority of the pregnant women belonged to the age group between 20-30 years. 30% of these women were nulliparous and 70 % were multiparous. The period of gestation varied from 35-63 days.90% of the patients had complete abortion and 10% had incomplete abortion. All the patients expelled the products of conception within 24 hours of prostaglandin administration. The adverse effects reported were nausea reported by 30%, vomiting by 5 %and diarrhea by 2% of the cases. None of the patients reported excess bleeding at the time of abortion, hospitalization or blood transfusion. This regimen has the effectiveness of complete abortion rate with few side effects.Conclusions: The Mifepristone- Misoprostol combination offers an effective, acceptable, out-patient procedure and an alternative to surgical methods of abortion in medical termination of early pregnancy (up to 63 days of gestation).

Remote Heart Beat Monitoring System

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Saman Shahid ◽  
Saima Zafar ◽  
Mansoor Imam ◽  
Muhammad Usman Chishtee ◽  
Haris Ehsan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Android Application ◽  
Development Environment ◽  
Future Assessment ◽  
Pulse Sensor ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
Monitoring Module

There is an increased prevalence of heart diseases in developing countries and continuous monitoring of heart beats is very much important to reduce hospital visits, health costs and complications. The Internet of Things (IoT) equipped with microcontrollers and sensors can give an easy and cost-effective remote health monitoring. We developed a Heart Beat monitoring module based on an android application. The software involved was the Android Application developed using Android Studio, which is the Integrated Development Environment (IDE). This app retrieved the data from the open IoT platform thingspeak.com. A highly sensitive Pulse Sensor was used to measure the heartbeat of the patient automatically. An Arduino Uno microcontroller interfaced with a Wi-Fi module ESP8266 used to transmit pulse reading over the internet using Wi-Fi. The heartbeat was displayed on the LCD of the patient in run-time. The heartbeat in beats per minute (BPM) was plotted against time (minutes). A mounted pulse sensor to the patient had monitored the heartbeat and transmitted it in the form of voltage signal to the microcontroller, which converted it back into a mathematical value. The Arduino transmitted the data onto the thingspeak.com portal, where it was plotted on a graph and the values were stored for future assessment. The user of the app was given a things peak API and the channel number as an access code, through which physician or nurse can accessed the patient’s data. IoT based heartbeat module as an android application can provide a convenient, cost effective and continuous remote measurements for heart patients to help physicians and nurses update. This app can reduce the burden of hospital visits or admissions for elderly patients.

Feasibility of telemedicine in the management strategy of patients with lymphoma amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain, a prospective study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Cordoba ◽  
Alberto Lopez-Garcia ◽  
Daniel Morillo ◽  
Maria-Angeles Perez-Saenz ◽  
Elham Askari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Patient Portal ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Recurrent hospital visits were potential risk factors for COVID-19 contagion. OBJECTIVE The aims of this prospective observational study was to analyze the consequences of COVID-19 pandemic in the health care of patients with lymphoma and the impact of telemedicine strategies such as the patient portal in their management. METHODS All data were obtained from the electronic medical record (EMR). Variables such as age, sex, matter of the visit, use of patient’s portal, changes in management, impact in clinical trials and suffering from COVID-19 contagion were recorded. RESULTS 290 patients were attended in the lymphoma clinic accomplishing 437 appointments. The median age was 66 years (range 18-94), and 157 (54.13%) were male. Of them, 109 out of 290 (37.58%) were aged older then 70 years. Regarding number of visits, 214 patients (73.79%) had only 1 visit to the hospital. Only 23 patients (7.93%) didn’t have access to patient’s portal. During the follow-up, only 7 patients (2.41%) suffered from COVID-19, with a median age of 66 years (51-80). CONCLUSIONS Telemedicine such as patient’s portal are feasible strategies in the management of patients with lymphoma during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a reduction of in-person visits to hospital and a very low contagion rate. This experience allowed us to continue with a new digital health strategy in the follow up of patients with hematologic malignancies. CLINICALTRIAL Not registered.

scholarly journals The Global Response to Abortion – with Special Focus on India’s Medical Termination of Pregnancy Bill

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Asawari Deshpande ◽  
Shashikala Gurpur ◽  
Sujata Arya ◽  
Shireshi Shambhulinganand
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Rights ◽  
Termination Of Pregnancy ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Medical Termination Of Pregnancy ◽  
Medical Termination ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies ◽  
Psychological Harm ◽  
The Right ◽  
Health Rights

The 2020 Amendment Act, of Medical Termination of Pregnancy has reinvigorated the discussion with regards to bodily autonomy and reproductive rights in India. This comes at a juncture of time, where the discussion regarding reproductive rights is an important part of the global socio-political narrative. The aim of this paper is to study the developmental trajectory of reproductive rights by gauging how the right to abortion has fared in various countries across the world by analysing specific legislations, judicial precedents and statistical data. We examine how one may secure the reproductive health rights of a woman better by analysing the two functional methods adopted thus far - either through liberal legislations that guarantee full autonomy to the woman or more restrictive laws that permit abortions only in certain circumstances - a major. The second half of this paper focuses on India, a country whose culture is traditionally perceived to be deeply rooted in orthodoxy and conservatives. The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act was enacted in 1971, and the 2020 Amendment has garnered acclaim for its more progressive outlook and direction. Even though the amendment has addressed some of the major concerns voiced out by reproductive rights’ activists, there are still a few systemic and practical dogmas that are still pervasive in the reproductive rights domain. The paper discusses these prevalent lacunae at play at length and emphasizes on the need for comprehensive and quick solutions. These will contribute to the prevention of unwanted pregnancies while simultaneously reducing the physical and psychological harm that is caused to vulnerable women across the country.

scholarly journals A prospective observational study conducted in tertiary teaching hospital of Uttar Pradesh to compare safety and efficacy of PPIUCD and interval IUCD (380A)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Nidhi Gupta ◽  
Akanksha .
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
P Value ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Puerperal Sepsis ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Tertiary Teaching ◽  
Reversible Method ◽  
Tertiary Teaching Hospital

Background: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of PPIUCD and interval IUCD.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted on women attending the OPD and indoor services of S.N. Medical college, Agra. 800 women willing for PPIUCD insertion were included in the study after informed consent excluding chorioamnionitis, PROM>18 hours, unresolved PPH and puerperal sepsis. Another 200 willing women were inserted interval IUCD according to MEC criteria of WHO. All were followed up for 1 year.Results: It was found that rate of expulsion was more in PPIUCD group compared to interval IUCD group (6%vs 1.5% p value <.05),rate of removal was almost similar in both groups (11.5%inPPIUCD and 14%in interval IUCD group), cause of removal was mainly social in PPIUCD group while bleeding was more in interval IUCD group compared to PPIUCD (85.7%vs26%).Conclusions: Postpartum insertion of IUCD is a safe effective, feasible and reversible method of contraception.

scholarly journals Utilization of a Voice-Based Virtual Reality Advanced Cardiac Life Support Team Leader Refresher: Prospective Observational Study

10.2196/17425 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. e17425
Author(s):  
Daniel Katz ◽  
Ronak Shah ◽  
Elizabeth Kim ◽  
Chang Park ◽  
Anjan Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Advanced Cardiac Life Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Team Leader ◽  
Cost Comparison

Background The incidence of cardiac arrests per year in the United States continues to increase, yet in-hospital cardiac arrest survival rates significantly vary between hospitals. Current methods of training are expensive, time consuming, and difficult to scale, which necessitates improvements in advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) training. Virtual reality (VR) has been proposed as an alternative or adjunct to high-fidelity simulation (HFS) in several environments. No evaluations to date have explored the ability of a VR program to examine both technical and behavioral skills and demonstrate a cost comparison. Objective This study aimed to explore the utility of a voice-based VR ACLS team leader refresher as compared with HFS. Methods This prospective observational study performed at an academic institution consisted of 25 postgraduate year 2 residents. Participants were randomized to HFS or VR training and then crossed groups after a 2-week washout. Participants were graded on technical and nontechnical skills. Participants also completed self-assessments about the modules. Proctors were assessed for fatigue and task saturation, and cost analysis based on local economic data was performed. Results A total of 23 of 25 participants were included in the scoring analysis. Fewer participants were familiar with VR compared with HFS (9/25, 36% vs 25/25, 100%; P<.001). Self-reported satisfaction and utilization scores were similar; however, significantly more participants felt HFS provided better feedback: 99 (IQR 89-100) vs 79 (IQR 71-88); P<.001. Technical scores were higher in the HFS group; however, nontechnical scores for decision making and communication were not significantly different between modalities. VR sessions were 21 (IQR 19-24) min shorter than HFS sessions, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration task load index scores for proctors were lower in each category, and VR sessions were estimated to be US $103.68 less expensive in a single-learner, single-session model. Conclusions Utilization of a VR-based team leader refresher for ACLS skills is comparable with HFS in several areas, including learner satisfaction. The VR module was more cost-effective and was easier to proctor; however, HFS was better at delivering feedback to participants. Optimal education strategies likely contain elements of both modalities. Further studies are needed to examine the utility of VR-based environments at scale.

scholarly journals New cost-effective pleural procedure training: manikin-based model to increase the confidence and competency in trainee medical officers

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (1123) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subash Heraganahally ◽  
Sumit Mehra ◽  
Daisy Veitch ◽  
Dimitar Sajkov ◽  
Henrik Falhammar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Simulation Training ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Further Training ◽  
Pleural Diseases ◽  
Cost Effective Method

Purpose of the studyPleural diseases are common in clinical practice. Doctors in training often encounter these patients and are expected to perform diagnostic and therapeutic pleural procedures with confidence and safely. However, pleural procedures can be associated with significant complications, especially when performed by less experienced. Structured training such as use of training manikin and procedural skills workshop may help trainee doctors to achieve competence. However, high costs involved in acquiring simulation technology or attending a workshop may be a hurdle. We hereby describe a training model using a simple manikin developed in our institution and provide an effective way to document skill acquisition and assessment among trainee medical officers.Study designThis was a prospective observational study. The need for training, competence and confidence of trainees in performing pleural procedures was assessed through an online survey. Trainees underwent structured simulation training through a simple manikin developed at our institute. Follow-up survey after the training was then performed to access confidence and competence in performing pleural procedures.ResultsForty-seven trainees responded to an online survey and 91% of those expressed that they would like further training in pleural procedure skills. 81% and 85% of responders, respectively, indicated preferred method of training is either practising on manikin or performing the procedure under supervision. Follow-up survey showed improvement in the confidence and competence.ConclusionOur pleural procedure training manikin model is a reliable, novel and cost-effective method for acquiring competences in pleural procedures.

Sentinel node biopsy versus elective neck dissection. Which is more cost-effective? A prospective observational study

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 550-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josué Hernando ◽  
Pedro Villarreal ◽  
Francisco Álvarez-Marcos ◽  
Luís García-Consuegra ◽  
Lorena Gallego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Sentinel Node ◽  
Neck Dissection ◽  
Sentinel Node Biopsy ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Elective Neck Dissection ◽  
Node Biopsy

A cost effective screening protocol for vestibular schwannoma in the late 90s

1996 ◽  
Vol 110 (12) ◽  
pp. 1129-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Ravi ◽  
S. C. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Schwannoma ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Conventional Tests ◽  
Screening Protocol ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
The Cost

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice in diagnosing vestibular schwannoma (VS). Perceived high costs have prevented clinicians from using it as a screening investigation, although MR scanners are now widely available in the United Kingdon. In a retrospective study, the clinical records of all the patients who presented to the ENT department of Taunton and Someerset NHS Trust with suspected symptoms of VS during the year 1994 were analysed. The cost of confirming or refuting the diagnosis of VS in each patient ranged from £220.72 to £580.31 depending on the number of hospital visits and investigations performed. This study shows that the routine use of MR scanning for detection of VS is cost effective and more effective than the use of conventional tests.

scholarly journals A prospective study of single dose preoperative antibiotic cover in clean elective surgical cases- a single center study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Siddhartha Gowthaman Subramaniyan ◽  
Prabhu Gunasekaran ◽  
Ramanathan Manickam
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Skin Incision ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the third most common nosocomial infections occurring worldwide, thus leading to increasing cost, mortality and morbidity. The main objective was to know the incidence of SSI in clean surgical procedures carried out in the institute of MGMCRI and to determine various pathogens causing SSI.Methods: This was a prospective observational study done on 100 patients in Department of General Surgery in MGMCRI, Puducherry from June 2015 to August 2017 who underwent clean surgical procedure. Preoperatively single done of injection cefazolin 1gm intravenous preparation was given 30 minus before the skin incision and patient were observed and followed up meticulously for the incidence of SSI and to determine the bacterial flora in the event of SSI.Results: In our study a total of 100 patients were included.  In our study a total of three out of 100 patients developed SSI which was around 3%.Out of the 3 patients who had SSI all were a male which is around 4.6% in our study. In relation to the distribution based on the age group more than 50 year of the age are most frequently associated with SSI in our study. The bacterial flora includes staphylococcus aureus which was isolated from one patient and Klebsiella pneumonia isolated from two patients who had surgical site infections.Conclusions: This study concludes that single dose pre-operative antibiotic has advantage in prevention of SSI and it is cost effective for patient. 

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