A comparative study of associated risk factors of overweight in normal and overweight children of 12-16 years of age

Background: In 21st century childhood obesity has become one of the most serious public health problem. This now a global problem and affecting all the countries of the world. Overweight and obesity in children and adolescent is defined by American medical association as BMI between 85-95 centile and BMI >95th centile respectively for children aged 2-16 years. Risk factors for overweight and obesity in children are different for different regions, places, cultures and food habits of different people and society. New factors are coming up due to economic prosperity and change in lifestyle of the young population. Habit formation occurs mainly during childhood and adolescence so primary intervention targeting this age group has high possibility of yielding good results.Methods: A comparative study of associated risk factors of overweight and obesity was conducted in D. Y. Patil Medical College in Children’s age 12-16 years. The independent variable (parameters) for the study were age, gender, type of family, paternal education, maternal education, father’s occupation, mother’s occupation, socio-economic status, at least one overweight parent, sleeping time, TV viewing time, type of food, mode of transport to reach school, frequency of eating out and level of physical activity. Children were given questionnaire that was filled by their parents and return back to us.Results: The analysis revealed that at least one overweight parent, mode of transport to reach school and frequency of eating out are associated with obesity while TV viewing duration and level of physical activity are strongly associated with obesity.Conclusions: Childhood obesity is a chronic multifactorial medical condition. Its risk can be significantly reduced by avoiding and preventing some factors.

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Significant Decrease in Childhood Obesity and Waist Circumference over 15 Years in Switzerland: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11081922 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1922

Author(s):

Isabelle Herter-Aeberli ◽

Ester Osuna ◽

Zuzana Sarnovská ◽

Michael B. Zimmermann

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Parental Education ◽

Childhood Overweight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Central Adiposity ◽

Parental Factors ◽

The Past

Despite a global increase in childhood obesity over the past decades, several countries, including Switzerland, have recently reported stabilizing trends. Using national data from school-aged children in Switzerland over the past 16 years, our study aim was to assess changes in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, central adiposity and predictors of obesity related to lifestyle and parental factors. Nationally representative samples of children aged 6–12 years were studied in 2002 (n = 2493), 2007 (n = 2218), 2012 (n = 2963), and 2017/18 (n = 2279). Height and weight, waist circumference, and multiple skinfold thicknesses were measured. Potential risk factors for overweight and obesity were determined using a self-administered questionnaire in 2017/18, collecting data on diet, physical activity, and parental factors. Prevalence (95% CI) of overweight (incl. obesity) and obesity in 2017/18 was 15.9% (14.4–17.4) and 5.3% (4.5–6.3), respectively. Binary logistic regression revealed a small but significant decrease in the prevalence of overweight (including obesity) since 2002 (OR (95% CI) = 0.988 (0.978–0.997)), while the change in obesity alone was not significant. The most important risk factors for childhood overweight/obesity in 2017/18 were low parental education, non-Swiss origin of the parents, low physical activity of the child, and male sex. In conclusion, we have shown a small but significant declining trend in the childhood overweight/obesity prevalence over the past 15 years in Switzerland. Based on the risk factor analysis, preventive action in schoolchildren might be most effective in boys, migrant populations, and families with lower education, and should emphasize physical activity.

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Risk factors for overweight and obesity in children aged 2–6 years

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2016-0358 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Meda Kondolot ◽

Serpil Poyrazoğlu ◽

Duygu Horoz ◽

Arda Borlu ◽

Canan Altunay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Family Income ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Activity Level ◽

Breastfeeding Duration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Turkish Children ◽

Tv Watching ◽

Obesity In Children

AbstractBackground:Understanding risk factors that may vary culturally can help improve preventive strategies for obesity. This is the first cross-sectional study aimed to determine the risk factors for overweight/obesity in children aged 2–6 years in a central Anatolian city in Turkey.Methods:A total of 1582 children (1351 healthy, 231 overweight/obese) aged 2–6 years were included from the Anthropometry of Turkish Children aged 0–6 years database. Age, gender, birth weight, birth order, mother’s age, mother’s body mass index (BMI), weight gain of mothers during pregnancy, presence of gestational diabetes, breastfeeding duration, history of formula feeding, mother’s and father’s education, mother’s job, monthly income, smoking at home and physical activity, sleep duration and duration of television (TV) watching of the children were evaluated as independent risk factors. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate risk factors for overweight/obesity.Results:Having a high family income compared to bad [odds ratio (OR)=1.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.237–3.106], increased the time of watching TV during the weekend (OR=1.094; 95% CI: 1.032–1.159), and similar physical activity level according to their peers compared to less (OR=2.957; 95% CI: 1.056–8.282) were found to be significantly associated with a higher risk of overweight/obesity in children aged 2–6 years old.Conclusions:The early childhood period seems to be important in the establishment of healthy behavioral patterns, especially limitation of TV watching and encouragement of physical activity. Obesogenic environment in families with high incomes need to be revealed.

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Media Screen time, Physical Activity and Nutritional Indicators as Risk Factors for Childhood and Adolescent Overweight and Obesity in Aguas Zarcas, Costa Rica.

UNED Research Journal ◽

10.22458/urj.v6i2.622 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 181-186

Author(s):

Chloe Souza

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Costa Rica ◽

Video Game ◽

Screen Time ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Related Risk

Childhood obesity is an increasingly serious issue worldwide. There is substantial research that explores health problems, psychosocial issues and rising medical costs related to obesity, however, limited research has discovered the etiology and specific risk factors associated with the epidemic. This study sought to understand the prevalence and related risk factors of obesity in rural Aguas Zarcas, Costa Rica in Spring 2011. The sample included 1 025 school-aged children ages four to 18. Each child participating in the study completed a survey that addressed hypothesized risk factors (i.e. media screen time and physical activity). I also measured each subject’s height, weight, and abdominal circumference to determine whether significant relationships existed between the proposed risk factors and the overall rate of obesity among school children. Results showed a positive relationship between screen time (time spent in front of a television, computer, or video game) and BMI/abdominal circumference and a negative relationship between physical activity and BMI/abdominal circumference. Time spent watching television on the weekend was positively correlated to BMI (p < 0,001) and physical activity throughout the week and weekend was negatively correlated with both BMI and abdominal circumference (p < 0,0001). Most children involved in the study fell within healthy height and weight classifications, while 12% were considered obese according to the Center for Disease Control’s BMI standards. Obesity rates were especially high among males and females ages ten through 12. This research serves as a foundation for further exploration of obesity risk factors and prevalence, and can be used to inform policy and programming to prevent the impending rise of childhood obesity in Costa Rica.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Obesity among School Children in Sylhet, Bangladesh

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council ◽

10.3126/jnhrc.v16i2.20311 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 205-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Madhusudan Saha ◽

Dipal Krishna Adhikary ◽

Irin Parvin ◽

Yuba Raj Sharma ◽

Fahmida Akhter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

School Children ◽

Food Habit ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

P Value ◽

Growth Chart ◽

Computer Gaming ◽

Control Growth

Background: Childhood obesity is found in affluent society, less physical activity and changes in food pattern. This study was designed to see prevalence and risk factors of childhood obesity among school children of Sylhet city.Methods: Students of class five and six of two schools of Sylhet city were randomly selected. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected and recorded in predesigned data sheet. BMI and percentile were calculated using official centre for disease control growth chart for 2 to 20 years. Logistic regression analysis was done to see association of various factors with childhood obesity. P value of ≤0.05 was taken as significant.Results: Total 288 children were included in this study. Age varied from 10 to 14 years. Among them 5.6% and 8.7% were found to be obese and overweight respectively. Obesity was significantly higher among girls (6.8% vs3.6%). Prevalence of obesity and overweight (p=0.001) was more among those who spent less time in physical exercise and outdoor games. Food habit, television watching, computer gaming and duration of sleep were not found as significant predictor of obesity.Conclusions: Obesity was significantly higher among girls (6.8% vs3.6%). Girls with less physical activity were mainly associated with overweight and obesity.

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Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among School-Going Children of Aligarh City and Its Association with Socio-Demographic Variables

Regular issue - International Journal of Management and Humanities ◽

10.35940/ijmh.f0615.024620 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 87-91

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Fast Food ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Tv Viewing ◽

Eating Pattern ◽

Related Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Behavioural Factors

In India, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban areas is comparable with some developing countries. A rapid transition in food practices, lifestyle factors, behavioural factors, physical inactivity and adopting western culture are some of the causes responsible for this problem. Children from small towns are experiencing nutritional changes due to their tendency to try eating pattern of larger cities. Aims and objectives: To study the prevalence of overweight and obesity and related risk factors among school going children of Aligarh city. Materials and methods: A cross - sectional study was done among four schools from four zones of Aligarh city. A total of 900 children studying in classes Ist to Vth were taken in the study. A predesigned and pretested questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic, dietary intake, lifestyle, behavioural factors, physical activity and anthropometric measurements. Results: Overall Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 8.1% and 8.2% among school‑going children. There was a statistically significant difference in prevalence of overweight and obesity among affluent schools (6.1% and 6.7%) and nonaffluent schools (2.0% and 1.6%) respectively was observed. The related risk factors for overweight and obesity were affluence and higher level of father’s education etc. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity among school‑going children is a major problem facing even in smaller cities in India.Interventions must be taken to focus on communicating and educating teachers and parents, especially of the affluent section, towards restricting fast food intake, TV viewing and emphasizing the importance of physical activity.

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A Study On Determinants Of Obesity In Children Between 5-15 years of Age

VIMS Health Science Journal ◽

10.46858/vimshsj.7105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 17-22

Author(s):

Dr. Prasad Bijaspur ◽

Dr. Sharad Agarkhedkar ◽

Dr. Geeta Karambelkar

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Obesity In Children

Background: Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health issue. The prevalence of obesity is increasing both in developing and in developed countries. The global prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 5 -17 years is 10%, In India it is 22% among children between 5 to 19 years. The key causes of childhood obesity are unhealthy dietary habits and reduced physical activity. The adoption to sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy dietary habits increases the risk of overweight/obesity and non communicable diseases such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome like dyslipidemia, cardiovascular risks stroke and hypertension. Objective: To assess the BMI, various factor influencing BMI and to correlate these factors in children between 5 to 15 years age irrespective of sex and ethnicity. Methodology: Study included 648 healthy children after fulfilling inclusion criteria ,there socio-demographic information, diet history, history regarding daily physical activity, sedentary behaviour, time spent for recreational activities was taken and there height, weight was recorded and BMI was calculated . By using standardized IAP GROWTH CHARTS children were categorised as underweight, normal, overweight/ obese. Result: Prevalence of overweight was 14% and obesity was 7.3% in children between 5 to 15 years of age. Conclusion: Adolescent age ,children belonging to upper and upper middle socioeconomic status, family history of non-communicable diseases, Calorie intake more than RDA for age, Protein consumption less than RDA for age, consumption of mix diet (veg + non veg), less consumption of a balanced diet, lack of physical activity were associated with overweight and obesity.

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POS1309 PREVALENCE AND CORRELATES OF UNDERWEIGHT, OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG PATIENTS WITH JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS (JIA): EVIDENCE FROM THE NATIONAL PAEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGIC DATABASE (NPRD)

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 936.2-937

Author(s):

F. Milatz ◽

J. Klotsche ◽

M. Niewerth ◽

J. Hörstermann ◽

D. Windschall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽

General Population ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Treatment Response ◽

Weight Status ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Age Group ◽

Group 3 ◽

Obesity In Children

Background:In patients with JIA, growth impairment and variance in body composition are well-known long-term complications that may be associated with prolonged drug therapy (e.g. glucocorticoids) as well as impaired physical and psychosocial well-being. An increased accumulation of body fat represents a significant risk factor for metabolic abnormalities and a modifiable variable for a number of comorbidities. Recently, evidence has emerged in favour of the potential negative influence of overweight on the course of the disease and treatment response [1].Objectives:The study aimed a) to estimate the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with JIA compared to the general population, and b) to investigate correlates of patients’ weight status.Methods:A cross-sectional analysis of physicians’ recorded body weights and heights of patients with JIA enrolled in the NPRD in the year 2019 was performed. Underweight (BMI <10th), overweight (BMI >90th) and obesity (BMI >97th) were defined according to age- and sex-specific percentiles used in the German reference system. For comparison with data from the general population [2], sex- and age-matched pairs of 3-17-year-old patients and controls were generated. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between weight status and patients’ clinical and self-reported outcomes.Results:In total, data from 6.515 children and adolescents with JIA (age 11.2 ± 4.1 years, disease duration 4.9 ± 3.8 years, 67% girls, 40% persistent oligoarthritis) were included. Of these, 3.334 (age 5.9 ± 2.1 years, 52.5% girls) could be considered for matched-pair analysis. Compared with the general population, patients underweight, overweight and obesity rates were 10.6% (vs. 8.1%), 8.8% (vs. 8.5%) and 6.1% (vs. 5.7%), respectively. No significant sex differences were found in either group. Largest difference in prevalence was registered for underweight, specifically in the age group 3-6 years (12.9% patients vs. 5.9% controls). Similar to the general population, higher rates of overweight were observed in adolescent patients than in affected children (19.1% age group 11-13 vs. 8.4% age group 3-6). While the highest underweight prevalence was registered in patients with RF+ polyarthritis (16%), patients with Enthesitis-related arthritis (22%), psoriatic arthritis (21%) and systemic JIA (20%) showed the highest overweight rates (including obesity). Younger age (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.31-0.83), more frequent physical activity (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85-0.99) and high parental vocational education (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.18-0.80) were independently associated with a lower likelihood of being overweight/obese.Conclusion:The overall prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with JIA is comparable to that found in the general population. Behavioural health promotion, including regular physical activity, as part of the treatment strategy in JIA should preventively already begin at preschool age and necessarily be made accessible to patients of all educational levels.References:[1]Giani T et al. The influence of overweight and obesity on treatment response in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2019;10:637.[2]Schienkiewitz A et al. BMI among children and adolescents: prevalences and distribution considering underweight and extreme obesity. Bundesgesundheitsbl 2019;62:1225–1234.Acknowledgements:The National Paediatric Rheumatological Database has been funded by AbbVie, Chugai, Novartis and GSK.Disclosure of Interests:Florian Milatz: None declared, Jens Klotsche: None declared, Martina Niewerth: None declared, Jana Hörstermann: None declared, Daniel Windschall: None declared, Frank Weller-Heinemann Speakers bureau: Pfizer, AbbVie, SOBI, Roche and Novartis., Frank Dressler: None declared, Rainer Berendes: None declared, Johannes-Peter Haas: None declared, Gerd Horneff: None declared, Kirsten Minden Speakers bureau: Pfizer, AbbVie, Consultant of: Novartis

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The Implementation of Childhood Obesity Related Policy Interventions in Malaysia—A Non Communicable Diseases Scorecard Project

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18115950 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 5950

Author(s):

Wilfred Kok Hoe Mok ◽

Noran Naqiah Hairi ◽

Caryn Mei Hsien Chan ◽

Feisul Idzwan Mustapha ◽

Thamil Arasu Saminathan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Current Status ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Modified Delphi ◽

Policy Interventions ◽

Non Governmental Organizations ◽

The Government

(1) Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children has increased tremendously in the ASEAN region, including Malaysia. In Malaysia, the National Strategic Plan for Non-Communicable Diseases (2015–2025) provides the overall framework for its response to the non-communicable diseases (NCD) epidemic. Preventing childhood obesity is one of the key strategies for early intervention to prevent NCDs. The objective of this research is to examine the current status of policy interventions in addressing childhood obesity in Malaysia. (2) Methods: A panel of 22 stakeholders and experts from Malaysia, representing the government, industry, academia and non-governmental organizations, were sampled using a modified Delphi technique. Data were collected using a modified NCD scorecard under four domains (governance, risk factors, surveillance and research and health systems response). A heat map was used to measure the success of the four realms of the NCD scorecard. For each domain of the NCD scorecard, the final score was grouped in quintiles. (3) Results: A total of 22 participants responded, comprising of eight (36.4%) males and 14 (63.4%) females. All the domains measured in implementing policies related to childhood obesity were of low progress. Nine governance indicators were reported as 22.5% (low progress), four in the risk factors domain, and two in the surveillance. This shows that timely and accurate monitoring, participatory review and evaluation, and effective remedies are necessary for a country’s surveillance system. (4) Conclusion: Although Malaysia has published several key strategic documents relating to childhood obesity and implemented numerous policy interventions, we have identified several gaps that must be addressed to leverage the whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach in addressing childhood obesity in the country.

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Urbanization and greenness in HBSC survey: association with overweight and obesity in adolescents

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.712 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

V Bellisario ◽

R Bono ◽

G Squillacioti ◽

M Caputo ◽

I Gintoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Population Density ◽

Weight Status ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Children Health ◽

Public Health Strategies

Abstract Background Childhood obesity is an important public health issue worldwide and includes different risk factors, such as environmental pollutants exposure or physical activity. Neighborhood composition and green spaces availability could contrast obesogenic lifestyles and promote healthy habits, whereas, urbanization and traffic volume exposure are inversely associated with physical activity and worsen effects on childhood health. Methods This project analyzed students involved in the HBSC survey from the Piedmont Region. Data were collected in 2018, following the protocol. All the subjects were georeferenced within buffers around schools. Green-spaces availability was measured by Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI-satellite images) while urbanization was calculated by population density, traffic intensity (satellite measurements) and air pollution concentration (sampling stations). Results Overall, the sample included 3022 subjects, with amount 50% male/female and 30% for each age group (11-13-15 years old). Concerning weight status, above 14% of the all sample is obese or overweight, with, respectively, 20% among boys and 11% among girls. Preliminary analyses showed an association between weight status and population density (rural vs urbanized areas). Currently, we are analyzing the association with greenness and the other measures of urbanization. Conclusions Our preliminary findings suggest that high urbanization levels impact health implementing weight in children. We are testing the hypothesis that greenness positively influences weight status and reduce negative effects of urbanization and air pollution. The managing of these risk factors must be deepened and corroborated by active preventive Public Health strategies for improving children health. Key messages Urbanization and greenness may influence weight status in children. Public Health strategies must be improved for children health.

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Baseline risk factor prevalence among adolescents aged 15–17 years old: findings from National Non-communicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS) of India

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044066 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e044066

Author(s):

Prashant Mathur ◽

Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan ◽

Sravya Leburu ◽

Anand Krishnan ◽

Himanshu Kumar Chaturvedi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

National Level ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Baseline Risk ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Non Communicable Disease

ObjectiveTo generate national estimates of key non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors for adolescents (15–17 years) identified in the National NCD Monitoring Framework and, study the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards NCD risk behaviours among school-going adolescents.Design and settingA community-based, national, cross-sectional survey conducted during 2017–2018. The survey was coordinated by the Indian Council of Medical Research—National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research with 10 reputed implementing research institutes/organisations across India in urban and rural areas.ParticipantsA multistage sampling design was adopted covering ages between 15 and 69 years—adolescents (15–17 years) and adults (18–69 years). The sample included 12 000 households drawn from 600 primary sampling units. All available adolescents (15–17 years) from the selected households were included in the survey.Main outcome measuresKey NCD risk factors for adolescents (15–17 years)—current tobacco and alcohol use, dietary behaviours, insufficient physical activity, overweight and obesity.ResultsOverall, 1402 households and 1531 adolescents completed the survey. Prevalence of current daily use of tobacco was 3.1% (95% CI: 2.0% to 4.7%), 25.2% (95% CI: 22.2% to 28.5%) adolescents showed insufficient levels of physical activity, 6.2% (95% CI: 4.9% to 7.9%) were overweight and 1.8% (95% CI: 1.0% to 2.9%) were obese. Two-thirds reported being imparted health education on NCD risk factors in their schools/colleges.ConclusionThe survey provides baseline data on NCD-related key risk factors among 15–17 years in India. These national-level data fill information gaps for this age group and help assess India’s progress towards NCD targets set for 2025 comprehensively. Though the prevalence of select risk factors is much lower than in many developed countries, this study offers national evidence for revisiting and framing appropriate policies, strategies for prevention and control of NCDs in younger age groups.

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