scholarly journals An analytical study of intestinal parasitosis in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rituparna Bhattacharya ◽  
Kanai Lal Barik ◽  
Promukh Bhattacharya ◽  
Uttam Kumar Paul
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis ◽  
Ancylostoma Duodenale ◽  
The Government

Background: Intestinal parasitosis (IP) is an important public health problem worldwide, most commonly seen in school age children and lead to nutritional deficiency, anemia and impaired cognition. Dearth of data regarding parasitic prevalence in the pediatric population triggered such a retrospective study planned by the Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology, of two Medical Colleges whereby all the symptomatic children (>1 year and <12 years, divided into less than 5 year and 5-12 year groups) were examined for IP.Methods: Total 1000 parasite positive stool samples were collected for a period of two years and included for the study. Routine macroscopic and microscopic (saline and Lugol’s iodine wet mounts) examinations were carried out for the presence of ova, cysts and parasites.Results: Out of the 1000 positive samples, Enterobius vermicularis was predominant with 287 (28.7%) of all cases. The next in order were Giardia lamblia 243 (24.3%), Entamoeba histolytica 219 (21.9%), Ascaris lumbricoides 143 (14.3%), Ancylostoma duodenale 39 (3.9%), Taenia 27 (2.7%) and others 42 (4.2%). The distribution of parasites were heavier among the 5 to 12 year group (74.6%) than the below 5 year one (25.4%), with single parasitic isolate. Lack of hygienic practices like open field defecation, faecal contamination of water and improper hand washing aggravate infestation.Conclusions: Thus our study revealed that steps are to be taken by both the government and society to promote healthcare awareness in mothers, and mass scale deworming through school campaigns in order to lower the parasitic burden in children. 

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Infection with Soil Transmitted Helminths in Children from Bandjoun, the West Region of Cameroon

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Vanessa Rosine Nkouayep ◽  
Peter Nejsum ◽  
Dzune Fossouo Dirane Cleopas ◽  
Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia ◽  
Atiokeng Tatang Rostand Joël ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
National Programme ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Ancylostoma Duodenale ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) continue to be a public health problem in developing countries. In Bandjoun, annual deworming is usually administered to school-age children through the national programme for the control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Cameroon. However, official data on the level of STH infections are scarce in this locality. Methods: We investigated the prevalence and associated risk factors of STHs among children in Bandjoun with the intention to help design future intervention plans. We obtained demographic data and potential risk factors through the interview of children using a structured questionnaire. Stool samples from these children were collected and examined for helminth eggs using Willis’ technique. Results: Three STHs were identified with an overall prevalence of 8.7%. These nematodes were Ascaris lumbricoides (8.3%), Trichuris trichiura (0.3%) and hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus) (0.7%). Failure to wash hands before meals (AOR: 2.152 [1.056-4.389]) was the main predictor associated with Ascaris infections. Not eating food picked up from the ground (AOR: 0.494 [0.261-0.937]) and not raising pigs at home (AOR: 0.109 [0.045-0.268]) reduced risk of infection. Conclusion: We recommend that STHs control interventions in Bandjoun focus on the good management of domesticated pigs, the avoidance of contact with soil and handwashing from the earliest ages as a part of daily hygiene practice.

scholarly journals Fortifying baladi Bread in Egypt: Reaching More than 50 Million People through the Subsidy Program

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. S260-S271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Elhakim ◽  
Arnaud Laillou ◽  
Anwar El Nakeeb ◽  
Rukia Yacoub ◽  
Magdy Shehata
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Subsidy Program ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Background Micronutrient deficiencies, especially iron-deficiency anemia, are a public health problem in Egypt, where anemia rates almost doubled in the years from 2000 to 2005. In 2008, the Government of Egypt began implementation of a 5-year national program to fortify with iron and folic acid the wheat flour used in baking subsidized baladi bread, the staple food consumed by a majority of low-income groups. Objective To project the achievements of this national Wheat Flour Fortification Program. Methods This paper describes the program, estimates the production of fortified flour and consumption of fortified bread, and identifies program challenges and sustainability issues. Results Through the national Wheat Flour Fortification Program, ferrous sulfate and folic acid are now added to all wheat flour produced under the national Food Subsidy Program. Up to 50 million Egyptians nationwide are now consuming quality-assured fortified baladi bread on a daily basis. In 2011, 6.5 million MT of fortified wheat flour was produced by 143 participating public- and private-sector mills. Political changes in Egypt in 2011 did not seem to affect the program; the new leadership in the Ministry of Supply and Internal Trade remains committed to fortification of wheat flour. Conclusions The daily intake of approximately 12 mg of iron and 600 μg of folic acid through the consumption of baladi bread suggests that the impact of the program on the prevention and reduction of iron and folate deficiencies among the Egyptian population could be significant; the results of an end-line survey are pending.

scholarly journals PATTERN OF CANCER CASES REGISTERED IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN KATHUA DISTRICT OF J&K: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Deepak Abrol ◽  
Anuj Kapoor ◽  
Pawan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Area Distribution ◽  
The Government

Introduction:Cancer is an important public health problem in India, with 10 lakh new cases occurring every year in the year. Cancer pattern varies in different regions and depends on genetic, environmental, dietary, social and other factors. Aim and objectives: This study was undertaken to determine magnitude and pattern of cancer cases reporting in the hospital. Methodology: This was a hospital-based retrospective study undertaken in the Government Medical College Kathua. GMC, Kathua is one among st the ve new medical colleges established in Jammu & Kashmir. The records of cancer patients generated from 1st November 2018 to 1 November 2019 were analyzed. All the cancer cases who reported either for diagnosis in any of the hospital OPD or for the treatment (radiotherapy/ chemotherapy/ surgery) were included. Data was entered in the MS Excel for analysis Results: Out of total 272 patients registered, females accounted for 56.6% and males for 43.3%. Hindu patients were in majority (84.2%). Most of the cases (37.1%) were in the age group 60-80. Pattern of cancer was different in the two sexes. In males, maximum cases were of lung cancer and in females, Ca breast was the most common followed by the cervical cancer Conclusion: This hospital-based study indicates the cancer prole in Kathua district. Females were found to be more affected than that of males with majority of the cases in the late 40s age group. Rural area and urban area distribution was found to be almost similar.

scholarly journals Intestinal Protozoan Parasitosis in 4- and 11-year-old Children in Cunduana Community, Riobamba Canton, Chimborazo, June 2019 June

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Marcela Inca Martínez ◽  
Martha Cecilia Bonilla Caicedo ◽  
Silvana Paola Ocaña Coello
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis ◽  
Physiological Serum

Introduction: Parasitosis is a public health problem that affects millions of people, school-age children are more vulnerable, affects their physical and intellectual development, are transmitted by fecal-oral route, and is associated with poor hygienic and sanitary conditions. In Ecuador they constitute the second reason for medical consultation. Objective: To contribute to the epidemiological knowledge of intestinal parasitosis by protozoa in our environment. Methodology: An experimental descriptive study, with a universe of 80 children, obtaining 55 samples, a direct examination was carried out in preparations with physiological serum and lugol, identifying the parasites by their microscopic morphology. Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasitosis by protozoa was 78.18%, while for the parasites Endolimax nana 30.9% Entamoeba histolytica, 34.5% and Giardia lamblia 14.5%. 40%  of the participants were monoparasitized and 38.2% had polyparasitosis. Conclusion: High prevalence of parasitosis by intestinal protozoa was determined in the children of the Unit with 78.18%. The most prevalent ameboid protozoan was E. nana, followed by the pathogenic protozoan E. histolytica, while G. lamblia was flagellated protozoan identified. The lack of adequate sanitary infrastructure, habits of hygiene, environmental pollution, influence the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis. Keywords: protozoan infections, intestinal diseases, child. RESUMEN Introducción: Parasitosis es un problema de salud pública que afecta a millones de personas, los niños en edad escolar son más vulnerables, afecta su desarrollo físico e intelectual, se transmiten por vía fecal-oral, y está asociada a deficientes condiciones higiénicas y sanitarias. En Ecuador constituyen el segundo motivo de consulta médica. Objetivo: contribuir al conocimiento epidemiológico de las parasitosis intestinales por protozoos en nuestro medio. Metodología: estudio descriptivo experimental, con un universo de 80 niños y niñas, obteniendo 55 muestras, se realizó examen directo en preparaciones con suero fisiológico y lugol, identificando los parásitos por su morfología microscópica. Resultados: La prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal por protozoos fue de 78,18%, mientras que para los parásitos Endolimax nana 30,9%, Entamoeba histolytica 34,5% y Giardia lamblia 14,5%. El 40% de los participantes fue monoparasitado y el 38,2% presentó poliparasitosis. Conclusiones: Se determinó alta prevalencia de parasitosis por protozoos intestinales en los niños y niñas de la Unidad con un 78,18%. El protozoo ameboideo de mayor prevalencia fue E. nana, seguido del protozoo patógeno E. histolytica, mientras que G. lambia fue protozoo flagelado identificado. La falta de una adecuada infraestructura sanitaria, hábitos de higiene, contaminación ambiental, influyen en la prevalencia de la parasitosis intestinal. Palabras clave: infecciones por protozoos, parasitosis intestinales, niños.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Cândido de Souza ◽  
Ricardo Santos de Oliveira ◽  
Francisco de Assis Carvalho do Vale ◽  
Matheus Fernando Manzolli Ballestero
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Pediatric Tbi

Background: Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious social and economic problem. Emerging countries have 89% of the cases worldwide and lack relevant epidemiological studies on the subject. Objectives: Characterize the demographic, social and economic profiles of the pediatric population suffering TBI in Brazil. Methods: Data on the cases of pediatric TBI in Brazil between 2008 and 2020 were collected through the computer department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) maintained by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Results: There are about 28,836 hospital admissions due to pediatric TBI per year and an incidence of 45.11 admissions /100,000/year. The in-hospital mortality rate was 1.47/100,000/year, and the case fatality rate was 3.26%. The average annual cost of hospital expenses was US$ 12.311.759, with the average admission cost having a value of US $417. The 15–19 age group was the most frequently admitted to hospital for pediatric TBI and had the highest number of in- hospital deaths; in addition, more males were affected by this trauma compared to females at a rate of 2.31:1. Ethnic populations that are social minorities are more susceptible to a poor prognosis of TBI. Conclusion: Pediatric TBI should be recognized as an important public health problem in Brazil, as it is responsible for considerable social and economic costs. Public policies that reduce the causes of this type of trauma in the pediatric population are urgently needed in Brazil and other emerging countries.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitosis in Children of a Primary School in Pedro Juan Caballero - PY

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 424-426
Author(s):  
Kayque Wellek Delgado do Amaral ◽  
Cristiane Venturini Garlet ◽  
Daniel Contreira Júnior ◽  
Marcus Tadeu Fernandes Gomes da Silva ◽  
Laura Simões Cogorno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Sedimentation Technique ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Introduction: Parasitosis is a type of endoparasitism, which is directly related to sanitary conditions and is an important public health problem in developing countries. Objective: To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children attending a primary public school in Pedro Juan Caballero - PY. Materials and Methods: 85 (eighty-five) stool samples were analyzed using the centrifugal sedimentation technique. Results: Cysts and/or parasite eggs were observed in the stool samples of 67 (78.8%) children. Giardia lamblia cysts were those that showed the highest incidence in the children. Conclusion: The high Giardia lamblia index demonstrates the lack of access to drinking water for consumption, inadequate sanitation and the absence of a public health network. This study highlights the importance of encouraging the use of serial analysis of stool, strengthening preventive measures for parasitosis, developing protocols for their approach, and designing a strategy that includes the preschool population in the programs that periodically evaluate the development of children.

scholarly journals Options for Treating Resistant Shigella Species Infections in Children

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
Sharon M. Erdman ◽  
Elizabeth E. Buckner ◽  
Janet F. Hindler
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
First Line ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Shigella Species

Infection due to Shigella species remains an important public health problem, especially in developing countries where it remains the most common cause of bloody diarrhea. In the United States (US), 10,000 to 15,000 cases of shigellosis are reported each year in both children and adults. US surveillance data from 2004 has demonstrated increased resistance in Shigella species to first-line antibiotics such as ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, with approximately 37% of isolates demonstrating resistance to both ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Since approximately 69% of Shigella infections occur in children younger than 5 years of age, it is important that alternative antibiotics other than typical first-line agents such as ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole be available to treat Shigella infections in this population. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends cefixime, ceftriaxone, azithromycin, and fluoroquinolones as alternative antibiotics for the treatment of Shigella species infections in children. This paper will review the microbiology, susceptibility, efficacy and safety data of these alternative antibiotics with regard to the treatment of Shigella species infections in children, and will attempt to define the role of each of these agents in the pediatric population.

Public health impact and treatment of insomnia

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
pp. 31S-39S ◽  
Author(s):  
WC Dement ◽  
R Pelayo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
The Government

SummaryA growing number of people are concerned about their sleep in the United States. There are an estimated 40 million US citizens with chronic sleep disorders. The cost to society of sleep disorders has been estimated at greater than $90 billion US dollars. Despite this enormous cost to society, there remains a pervasive lack of attention provided to medical management of this problem. This is compounded by inadequate funding of sleep disorders research. There are treatments available to improve insomnia. These include different behavioral and pharmacologic regimes that can be used separately or in combination. Successful treatment requires thorough knowledge of the differential diagnosis of insomnia. The greatest public health challenge in the management of insomnia is how to develop effective educational programs that will allow the general public to improve their sleep. This will require greater cooperation from primary care providers and the government. Sleep disorders are the most important public health problem not being addressed in the United States.

scholarly journals The assessment of the time-lapse between toxic exposure and examination in the Toxicology Department in pediatric severe acute poisoning

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (S4) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Cristina-Daniela ENACHE ◽  
◽  
Cristina Iolanda VIVISENCO ◽  
Dora Andreea BOGHIŢOIU ◽  
Mădălina Elena PETRAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Toxic Exposure ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Age Related

The exposure of the pediatric population to xenobiotics is an important public health problem because children are particularly vulnerable to the unfavorable consequences of intoxications due to their age-related peculiarities, having limited physiological reserves, and poorly developed metabolic pathways. Numerous studies emphasize the importance of targeted therapeutic intervention and as soon as possible in patients with severe acute intoxications that associate signs of cardiogenic shock due to the severity of cases and the risk of adverse evolution. This paper presents a statistical analysis of the time-lapse impact between exposure to the toxicant and the toxicological examination on the patient's prognosis. Its purpose is to identify both qualitative and quantitative correlations between a series of parameters associated with unfavorable evolution and the time elapsed until the specific toxicological management is performed.

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