scholarly journals Treatment outcome of the retreatment tuberculosis patients under RNTCP in eastern Uttar Pradesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2701
Author(s):  
Praveen B. Gautam ◽  
Ashwini Kumar Mishra ◽  
Santosh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: India has the highest tuberculosis (TB) burden in the world. The directly observed treatment strategy is the most systemic and cost-effective approach to the disease. Furthermore, understanding the reasons for treatment outcome is important for the improvement of treatment systems. The objective was to study the treatment outcome of retreatment tuberculosis patients under RNTCP in eastern UP.Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was undertaken among total 205 patients registered in category II under DOTS from June 2015 to May 2016. These patients were followed up to November 2016 till the completion of treatment. At the end of study period, treatment outcomes were analysed. The chi-square test was used to assess the statistical significance of each ratio. P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: Out of 205 re-treatment patients, 174 (84.4%) had pulmonary tuberculosis while 31 (15.1%) had extra-pulmonary TB. In the cohort of category II patients 93 (45.3%) were relapse, 58 (28.2%) belonged to others category, 31 (15.1%) were treatment after loss to follow-up and 23 (11.2%) were on treatment after failure. Maximum patients were male 133 (64.8%) and most of the patients were belonged to the age group of 20-40 years. Among retreatment cases the cure rate for relapse, treatment after failure, treatment after loss to follow-up and others cases were 74.1%, 60.8%, 35.4% and 55.1% respectively.Conclusions: The relapse cases were the most commonly found in the re-treatment category however these patients were more likely to be cured with the category II regimen and treatment after loss to follow-up had high risk of retreatment failure. Continuous monitoring, adherence and treatment completion are essential for controlling the need of retreatment as well as improvement of tuberculosis control programme. 

scholarly journals More focus on atypical glandular cells in cervical screening: Risk of significant abnormalities and low histological follow-up rate

CytoJournal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Pingping Zhong ◽  
Chenghong Yin ◽  
Yulan Jin ◽  
Tianbao Chen ◽  
Yang Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Atypical Glandular Cells ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objectives: Atypical glandular cells (AGC) detected by Papanicolaou (Pap) smears are in close relation with adenocarcinoma and precursors detected by histopathology. Yet, sometimes the cytological diagnosis of AGC has been neglected. With increase of adenocarcinoma and precursors, we need more focus on glandular abnormalities. Material and Methods: Clinicopathological data of patients who had AGC on Pap smears between April 2015 and October 2018 and underwent histological follow-up were retrieved from the computerized database of Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Patients with a prior history of cancer were excluded from the study. Statistical analyses were performed using Pearson’s Chi-square test in SPSS software version 23. P < 0.05 (two sided) was considered as statistical significance. Results: Liquid-based cytological examination of the uterine cervix was carried out in 164,080 women. Five hundred and twenty-five women were diagnosed with AGC, 314 with not otherwise specified (AGC-NOS), and 211 with favor neoplastic (AGC-FN). Only 310 cases had histological follow-up, 168 women (168/314, 53.5%) originally with AGC-NOS on Pap smears, and 142 (142/211, 67.3%) with AGC-FN. The median age of histological significant abnormalities was 46.7 years, and 126 women (126/162, 77.8%) were postmenopausal. Sixty-six cases (66/168, 39.3%) of AGC-NOS had significant abnormalities (96/142, 67.6%, AGC-FN). One hundred and sixty-two cases of significant abnormalities included 40 high-grade squamous abnormalities and 122 glandular abnormalities. AGC-FN was more likely to be associated with a clinically significant abnormalities (P < 0.001) compared to AGC-NOS. Conclusions: Patients with AGC on Pap smears are in close relation with significant abnormalities, especially with significant glandular abnormalities on histopathology slices. AGC should be evaluated vigilantly with histological workup, especially if patients are diagnosed with AGC-FN and are aged 41–60 years. We need more focus on AGC.

scholarly journals Treatment outcome in tuberculosis patients under DOTS treatment, tuberculosis unit, Nahan, Himachal Pradesh, 2013-2015: a record based descriptive study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Kashyap ◽  
Kamaljit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Treatment Success Rate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Poor Treatment Outcome

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) has existed for millennia and remains a major global health problem. There has been significant progress in cure rates achieved in revised national tuberculosis programme (RNTCP), however concerns regarding effectiveness of RNTCP regimens, still exist. These concerns could be addressed through an assessment of treatment outcome. The present study was conducted to ascertain the treatment outcome in tuberculosis patients under DOTS treatment.Methods: A record based descriptive study was conducted in patients enrolled under directly observed treatment strategy (DOTS). The data included the summary of case findings as new smear positive, new smear negative, new extrapulmonary, new others, relapse, failure, treatment after default, category II. Treatment outcome was assessed as cured, treatment completed, died, loss to follow up, failure and transferred out. Different variables were represented as frequency distribution and percentages. Chi square test was used to observe the association of different variables with the outcome of the disease.Results: A total of 899 patients were enrolled under DOTs treatment for tuberculosis. Sputum positivity was present in 481 (72.8%) patients. Outcome showed 384 (79.8%) patients as cured, treatment completed in 414 (81.8%) patients and treatment success rate of 798 (89.7%). Treatment failure was observed 9 (1.9%) patients.Conclusions: Treatment success rate of TB patients in this study was encouraging for TB control through DOTS strategy. However, to reduce poor treatment outcome, patients should be strictly followed by health workers or ASHAs. 

scholarly journals Aspiration sclerotherapy: a novel and cost-effective approach to the management of hydroceles in a developing country

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 3884
Author(s):  
Arijit Roy ◽  
Vijay Jain ◽  
Jahar Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
High Satisfaction ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: The present study was carried out with an aim to perform a prospective study to establish the role of sodium tetradecyl sulfate (3 %) (STDS) as a safe and effective sclerosant in the management of primary hydroceles.Methods: Sclerotherapy was performed with 3 % STDS on an outdoor basis. The amount of sclerosant injected depended on the amount of fluid drained. All patients were given prophylactic antibiotics. Patients were clinically reassessed at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months and earlier if complications occurred. All patients were given prophylactic antibiotics.  The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 15.0. The data have been represented as frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test was used to compare the data. A total of 57 patients with primary vaginal hydrocele gave consent for being enrolled in the study. The age of patients ranged from 18 to 65 years with a mean age of 35.72±13.18 years.Results: The success rate at the end of the study was observed to be 84.2 %. As regards patient satisfaction, in present study, in a limited time period of follow up, all the patients who had a successful procedure were satisfied.Conclusion: Overall, sclerotherapy was observed to be a relatively cost-effective (including both direct and indirect costs) procedure with low complications, high satisfaction, faster return to work and a high success rate within the limited period of follow-up.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with and Reasons for Loss to follow-up Among Glaucoma Patients at a Nigerian Eye Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Stella Onwubiko
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Cellular Phones ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Background: Glaucoma is an emerging vision-threatening disease requiring a life-long management protocol with regular surveillance. Aim: To explore the factors associated with and reasons for loss to follow-up among glaucoma patients. Methods: All adult glaucoma patients who attended Bridget medical Centre (BMC) Eye hospital, Enugu during a two-year period (2016 – 2018) were identified via the medical records. Those who had missed an appointment by at least 12 months were reached via their cellular phones to ascertain their reasons. Information on their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics was retrieved from their records. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Chi-square test was done to identify the factors associated with loss to follow-up. The level of significance was at p< 0.05. Results: A total of 113 patients had glaucoma. They were mainly males, 67(59.3%), retirees with a mean age of 62.0±2SD years. Ninety-four (83.2%) participants were lost to follow-up. The main reasons were forgetfulness, 33(41.2%), and have not noticed any problem in vision, 20(25.0%). Male gender, advanced age, tertiary education, retiree, normal visual acuity, moderate/advanced stage, IOP of less than 21mmHg, more than 5 years of diagnosis and using more than one medication were associated with loss to follow-up. However, only Retiree and IOP of less than 21mmHg were statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings from this study emphasized the need for continual glaucoma education and appointment reminder, especially to Retirees with normal intraocular pressure.

scholarly journals 584 Increase in Cancellation Rates with Follow-Up Telemedicine Visits in a Burn Clinic Setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S143-S144
Author(s):  
Nicholas A Wiley ◽  
Lori Chrisco ◽  
Booker King
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cancellation Rate ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Introduction Telemedicine is a resource to help limit in-person contacts, which has become increasingly utilized during the Coronavirus pandemic. In the last year, most health care systems have attempted to limit in-person visits in order to help decrease Coronavirus transmission. A retrospective analysis was conducted to determine if the use of telemedicine resulted in an increase in cancellation rates. The data on cancellation rates of a burn clinic using telemedicine was collected for a seven-month period in 2020. The increased rate of cancellations for telemedicine visits compared to in-person visits was found to be statistically significant. Methods A retrospective analysis of patient cancellation rates for 2,463 burn outpatient visits seen in a burn clinic associated with a large tertiary referral burn center was performed covering the time period between April 1st and August 30th of 2020. Cancellations of initial visits for new or recently discharged patients were not included as telemedicine visits were only offered for established burn outpatients. Rescheduling rates for both groups were calculated to assess a potential impact on cancellations. Telemedicine visits consisted of patient encounters conducted by phone or by live video chat. Statistical significance was determined using chi-square test with an accepted p &lt; 0.05. Results The study included 2,463 scheduled outpatient visits comprising 511 telemedicine visits and 1,952 in-person visits. A cancellation rate of 47% occurred for telemedicine visits and a cancellation rate of 40% was observed with in-person visits. Patient visits conducted using telemedicine were associated with a higher cancellation rate (p=0.013). The reschedule rate for telemedicine visits was 22% while in-person visits had a rate of 25% showing no significant association (p = 0.45). Conclusions Telemedicine follow-up visits were found to have an increased rate of cancellations compared to in-person visits. Rates of rescheduling showed no significant difference between groups.

Adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer: Less drug, same efficacy.

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 114-114
Author(s):  
T. Liu ◽  
W. Li ◽  
Y. Sun ◽  
K. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Similar Disease ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Meta Analyses

114 Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy is proved to improve survival in gastric cancer by meta-analyses. However, no evidence showed the best regimen. We conducted a retrospective analysis to compare triplets with doublets in the adjuvant setting. Methods: We collected data from January 2004 to December 2008 from patients performed radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Doublets were defined as 5-FU 750 mg/m2 (d1- 5) or capecitabine 1,000 mg/m2 (d1-14) plus cisplatin 60 mg/m2 (d1) or oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 (d1), while triplets had epirubicin 50 mg/m2 (d1) added. Chemotherapy was initiated within 6 weeks after surgery, repeated every three weeks and planned for 6 cycles. Patients were followed up in the outpatient clinic until death or April 30, 2010. Cox proportional-hazard model and chi-square test were used to test statistical difference. Results: A total of 316 patients (210 in doublets, 106 in triplets) had a median follow-up time of 47 months. 77 patients died at the end of follow-up (3-year survival of 67.4%).Two groups were well balanced except age (median age of 57 in doublets, 51 in triplets, p < 0.001). All the patients tolerated well, with few grade 3/4 side effects (21.9% in doublets, 30.2% in triplets, p = 0.107). Two groups had similar disease-free survival (median DFS, 16 months vs. 23 months, p = 0.656) and overall survival (3-year survival rate, 59.6% vs. 64.8%, p = 0.293). Subgroup analysis showed the same benefit on survival between the two groups. Conclusions: Our study suggested doublets and triplets had the same efficacy as the adjuvant chemotherapy. Furthermore, doublets seem more cost-effective. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Role of Dermaroller and Prp In Post-Traumatic Facial Scar Treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4061-4067
Author(s):  
Alpesh ◽  
Jumale V P
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Group B

In the present study follow up kept on immediate post-operative day and at one week to evaluate pain, bleeding and inflammation. Final follow up at two months for assessment of aesthetic score by three independent personnel. Pain and inflammation were more associated with Group B compared to Group A, but there are no statistical significance differences among this groups (P value- 0.074 and 0.136 for pain and inflammation respectively on immediate post-operative day. Chi-square test). Final follow up assessment of aesthetic scores at two months calculated by Chi- square test and comparisons of two groups for aesthetic scores done by Independent t-Test. All three personnel gave higher aesthetic score to Group B but statistically this was not significant (P-value 0.287, 0.129 and 0.400 by Observer 1, 2 and patients respectively. Chi-square test). The mean aesthetic score given by Observer 1, 2 and patient was higher associated to Group B but statistically this was not significant (P=0.526, 0.055 and 0.232 independent t-Test).

scholarly journals PROGNOSTIC FACTORS OF RENAL TUMOR RECURRENCE AFTER RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Martínez Izquierdo ◽  
A R Arnaiz Pérez ◽  
E Escolano Fernández ◽  
M Merayo Álvarez ◽  
B Carrasco Aguilera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Radical Nephrectomy ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Renal Sinus ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract INTRODUCTION Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 3% of overall malignant neoplasms in adults. However, its aetiology has not been clearly established. Although surgery represents the cornerstone in treatment, recurrence postoperative rates are around 20-30%, what implies prognostic factors search must be mandatory in order to help to plan de follow-up and the different adjuvant therapy possibilities available in case they were necessary. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective observational study was carried out in 110 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy between 2004 and 2018, with the aim of identifying possible prognostic factors of recurrence of RCC after these surgeries. Preoperative data (epidemiological, comorbidities and laboratory tests), surgical, pathological and variables related to follow-up were taken into account. A univariate and multivariate analysis were performed, using chi-square test and logistic regression, respectively. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 53.5 months (SD = 35.8), time in which 19 patients had a recurrence of RCC after radical nephrectomy (17.2%). Histopathological items such as the surgical piece size, the nodal and microvascular invasion, the renal sinus invasion and the presence of necrosis in the surgical piece were associated with RCC recurrence in the univariate analysis, while only the presence of necrosis in the surgical piece showed a significant result in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Histopathological analysis, highlighting the presence of necrosis in the histological sample, was proved to be the main risk factor of RCC recurrence.

scholarly journals Association of cervical carcinogenesis risk with HPV16 E6 and E7 variants in the Taizhou area, China

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Zhen Dai ◽  
Yi Qiu ◽  
Xing-Hong Di ◽  
Wei-Wu Shi ◽  
Hui-Hui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cervical Carcinogenesis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Hpv16 E6 ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
E6 And E7

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 accounts for a larger share of cervical cancer and has been a major health problem worldwide for decades. The progression of initial infection to cervical cancer has been linked to viral sequence properties; however, the role of HPV16 variants in the risk of cervical carcinogenesis, especially with longitudinal follow-up, is not fully understood in China. Methods We aimed to investigate the genetic variability of HPV16 E6 and E7 oncogenes in isolates from cervical exfoliated cells. Between December 2012 and December 2014, a total of 310 single HPV16-positive samples were selected from women living in the Taizhou area, China. Sequences of all E6 and E7 oncogenes were analysed by PCR-sequencing assay. Detailed sequence comparison, genetic heterogeneity analyses and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree construction were performed with BioEdit Sequence Alignment Editor and MEGA X software. Data for cytology tests and histological diagnoses were obtained from our Taizhou Area Study with longitudinal follow-up for at least 5 years. The relationship between HPV16 variants and cervical carcinogenesis risk was analysed by the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Results In this study, we obtained 64 distinct variation patterns with the accession GenBank numbers MT681266-MT681329. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 98.3% of HPV16 variants belong to lineage A, in which the A4 (Asian) sublineage was dominant (64.8%), followed by A2 (12.1%), A1 (11.4%), and A3 (10.0%). The A4 (Asian) sublineage had a higher risk of CIN2+ than the A1–3 (European) sublineages (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.04–6.97, P < 0.05). Furthermore, nucleotide variation in HPV16 E6 T178G is associated with the development of cervical cancer. Conclusion These data could provide novel insights into the role of HPV16 variants in cervical carcinogenesis risk in China.

Change in perception of sclerotherapy results after exposure to pre–post intervention photographs

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabricio R Santiago ◽  
Mario Piscoya ◽  
Yung-Wei Chi
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Venous Clinical Severity Score ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective To evaluate patients’ self-perception of cosmetic improvement before and after they were presented with pre- and postprocedure photographs after sclerotherapy with 75% dextrose. Methods Treatments included sclerotherapy of reticular and varicose veins using 75% dextrose. All treated limbs were photographed and classified according to Clinical, Etiology, Anatomy, and Pathology classification and Venous Clinical Severity Score pre- and posttreatment. The patients were queried before and after viewing the photos during these visits and indicated if they were very unsatisfied, dissatisfied, satisfied, or very satisfied. Nonparametric kappa correlation coefficient and a Chi square test were used to measure associations among agreement (p < 0.05 indicated statistical significance). The paired Wilcoxon test was used to compare statistical differences in mean Venous Clinical Severity Scores measured at different times (p < 0.05 indicated statistical significance). Data were analyzed using STATA software (version 12). Results Individuals were more satisfied with the results of sclerotherapy after exposure to images portraying their limbs two months after the procedure (p = 0.0028). This effect was maintained six months after sclerotherapy (p = 0.0027). Conclusion Patient exposure to pre- and postsurgical photographs is a simple intervention with the potential of improving patient satisfaction up to six months after treatment with sclerotherapy.

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